Research on Antifungal and Antimycobacterial Agents. Synthesis and Activity of 4-Alkylthiopyridine-2-carbothioamides

A series of 4-alkylthiopyridine-2-carbothioamides have been prepared and evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity. Chemical structures have been demonstrated by IR and ¹H NMR data and by elemental analysis. The antimycobacterial activity of these compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium fortuitum, and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon beigelii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Absidia corymbifera were determined by the MIC values. Compounds 3 exhibit good antimycobacterial activity compared to isoniazide. A moderate antifungal activity was observed against T. mentagrophytes. Activity is influenced by hydrophobicity of the alkyl group.     

Synthesis and biological activity of 5-alkyl-6-(alkylsulfanyl)- or 5-alkyl-6-(arylsulfanyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides and corresponding thioamides

Nucleophilic substitution of chlorine in 5-alkyl-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamides with various alkyl and arylthiolates afforded 20 5-alkyl-6-(alkylsulfanyl)- and 5-alkyl-6-(arylsulfanyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides. The reaction of the amides with Lawesson's reagent yielded the corresponding thioamides. The assessment of in vitro antimycobacterial and antifungal activity of the compounds was carried out. In both series, the antimycobacterial activity increases with increasing molecular weight of the alkylsulfanyl group in position 6 of the pyrazine ring. Thioamides exhibited higher activity than the corresponding amides. 5-Butyl-6-(phenylsulfanyl)pyrazine-2-carbothioamide (2j) possessed the highest activity (91% inhibition) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also the highest lipophilicity (log P = 4.95). Only a poor in vitro antifungal effect was noted in 5-butyl-6-(butylsulfanyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (1i) and 6-(ethylsulfanyl)-5-isobutylpyrazine-2-carbothioamide (2q) against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Absidia corymbifera.     

Design,synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of novel 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dinitrotoluene derivatives

A series of novel 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dinitrotoluene derivatives were designed, synthesized in the present study, and their antitumor activities against five cell lines (A431, HepG2, A549, HT-29 and HEK-293) were tested. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate-to-significant cytotoxicity and high selectivity against one or more cell lines in comparison with cisplatin. Studies on their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) indicated that compounds containing phenyl (piperazin-1-yl) methanone groups, especially chlorine atom at 4-position of the phenyl ring, were more effective. Compound 4g was found to be the most potent derivative with IC₅₀ values of 1.04, 3.20, 6.93, 4.10 and 20.15 μmol/L against A431, Hep G2, A549, HT-29 and HEK-293 cell lines, respectively, which was better than positive control cisplatin, one of the most clinically used chemotherapeutic drugs.     

Synthesis and biological activities of 2-amino-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid phenylamide derivatives

In an attempt to develop potent and selective anti‐tumor drugs, a series of novel 2‐amino‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acid phenylamide derivatives were designed based on the structure of dasatinib. All compounds were synthesized by a systematic combinatorial chemical approach. Biological evaluation revealed that N‐(2‐chloro‐6‐methylphenyl)‐2‐(2‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)acetamido)thiazole‐5‐carboxamide ( 6d ) exhibited high antiproliferative potency on human K563 leukemia cells comparable to dasatinib. Against mammary and colon carcinoma cells 6d was either inactive (MDA‐MB 231) or distinctly less active (MCF‐7 and HT‐29: IC₅₀ = 20.2 and 21.6 µM, respectively). Dasatinib showed at each cell line IC₅₀ < 1 µM. The results of this structure activity relationship study clearly documented that the pyrimidin‐4‐ylamino core of dasatinib is responsible for the anti‐tumor activity against non‐leukemia cell lines.     

Design and synthesis of 1-substituted-β-carboline derivatives as potential anticancer agents

In the present study, we designed and synthesized a series of 1-substituted-β-carboline derivatives through modification of position-1, 2 and 9 of β-carboline nucleus in order to discover novel leading compounds with better antitumor activities and less toxicity. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, IR and elemental analyses. All the target compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity against six cancer cell lines, including Bel-7402, HepG2, A549, A375, 786-0 and HT-29 by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. Studies of structure-activity relationships indicated that the effects of substituents in position-1 on cytotoxic activities were in an order as follows: 2-thienyl >2-chlorophenyl >4-chlorophenyl >benzyl group.     

N-取代苯基-2-(4-取代苯基)环丙烷-1-甲酸乙酯-1-酰胺的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的设计、合成N-取代苯基-2-(4-取代苯基)环丙烷-1-甲酸乙酯-1-酰胺类化合物,并进行抗肿瘤活性研究。方法采用微波反应,经缩合、环化、水解以及酰胺化等反应合成目标化合物。所合成化合物经1H NMR谱图和质谱进行确证,并对其进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。结果设计、合成了20个环丙烷酰胺类化合物。体外药理活性实验显示,所合成的目标化合物具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,其中5b对A549细胞的IC50值为6.8μM,具有进一步研究的价值。结论对氯苯基取代化合物比对三氟甲基苯基取代化合物有更好的抗肿瘤活性;酰胺芳香环吸电子基团化合物活性优于供电子基团化合物。     

Synthesis and biological activity of cysteine and thiazaolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 35–38, April, 1990.     

新型14β-侧链紫杉醇衍生物的合成及构效关系研究

以生物合成得到的紫杉烷 sinenxan A为起始原料,合成一系列新的紫杉醇衍生物,以寻找高效低毒、抗瘤谱广、综合性能好的新一代紫杉醇类抗癌药,并进行构效关系研究。从半合成的紫杉烷中间体7出发,分别经5步和6步反应成功地合成了4位羟基和4位乙酸酯两类共8个新的14β 侧链紫杉醇衍生物,2位基团为苯甲酸酯、间氯苯甲酸酯、正戊酸酯和苯乙酸酯。将目标化合物连同已合成的2个14β-侧链紫杉醇衍生物进行了微管聚合试验和体外肿瘤细胞抑制试验。所有化合物在浓度为10μmol·L^-1时对微管无作用。在体外肿瘤细胞抑制试验中,大部分化合物显示边缘细胞毒活性。14β-侧链紫杉醇衍生物的构效关系与13α-侧链紫杉醇衍生物有所不同,2位脂肪酸酯与2位芳香酸酯活性相当,表明2位基团的改变对活性无明显影响。4位羟基衍生物的活性好于4位乙酸酯。     

2-位取代苯并呋喃类化合物的生物活性及合成研究进展

苯并呋喃衍生物是当前研究杂环芳香族化合物的热点之一。据文献报道该类化合物具有抗肿瘤,抗氧化,钙内流阻滞,血管紧张素II受体拮抗,腺苷A1受体拮抗,抗真菌、抗菌活性和血小板聚集拮抗等药理作用。由于苯并呋喃具有广泛活性,因此吸引很多学者对其进行研究。为了更好地研究该类化合物的合成和生物活性,本文对近几年来文献报道的具有良好生物活性的2-位取代苯并呋喃衍生物进行综述,并对它们的合成方法进行概括,为开发新型2-取代苯并呋喃类化合物提供参考。     

Synthesis and in vitro antileukemic activity of new 4-triazenopyrazole derivatives

Several new 4-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)-5-benzamidopyrazole derivatives were prepared by reacting 4-diazo-5-benzamidopyrazole derivatives with dimethylamine. The compounds were tested at 10 microM for their vitro antileukemic activity against K562 (Human chronic myelogenous leukemia) and Raji (human Burkitt limphoma ) cell lines. Dacarbazine and methotrexate were used for comparative purpose. The 3-methyl-4-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)-5-(substituted benzamido)pyrazoles, bearing the pyrazole nucleus free at 1 position, resulted more active than the 1-(substituted phenyl)-3-methyl-4-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)-5-benzamidopyrazoles. Dacarbazine at 10 microM showed no activity in the above tests. The observed difference among Dacarbazine and the active 4-triazenopyrazoles migth be explained admiting that these last compounds, differently by Dacarbazine, did not follow a mechanism of action based on the cytochrome P-450 induced demethylation. The most active compound 2d showed growth inhibition values of 97.8 and 99.4% against K562 and Raji cell lines respectively. Methotrexate inhibition values at 0.2 microM against the above cell lines were 86.7 and 75.1% respectively.     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4-benzoyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid and derivatives

Some new 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid and pyridazinone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 4230 and Pseudomonas putida using tube dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) experiments revealed that all chemical compounds showed inhibitor effects on the growth of the test microorganisms. Moreover, the results of this research showed that the compound named as 5c was the best compound in the series, exhibiting antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.     

Synthesis and in vitro antifungal evaluation of 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazoline derivatives

Pyrazolines, the well-known five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, have received considerable interests in the fields of medicinal and agricultural chemistry because of their broad spectrum of biological activities. To discover more potent antifungal compounds, a series of structurally related 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazoline derivatives have been synthesized by introducing furan rings regarded as bioactive substructure into the scaffold of pyrazolines and tested for their activities against six plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. The preliminary bioassays indicated that almost all synthesized compounds had displayed variable growth inhibitory effects on the tested pathogenic fungi. In particular, compounds 4, 7, 9, 12, 18, 19, and 38 displayed excellent antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani and their inhibition of growth reached 100% at the concentration of 20 mg/L. Additionally, compounds 9 and 19 bearing two furan rings, respectively, at site 3 and site 5 of the pyrazoline cycle showed the strongest activities against R. solani (the EC(50) were 3.46 mg/L and 3.20 mg/L). The bioactivity results provide good starting templates for further structural optimization of pyrazoline derivatives.     

取代苯基亚甲基环戊酮衍生物的设计、合成与抗肿瘤活性

目的 设计并合成一系列取代苯基亚甲基环戊酮衍生物,对它们的体外抗肿瘤活性进行初步筛选并探讨其构效关系。方法 使用化学方法对目标化合物进行合成,采用MTT法测定目标化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性,利用CoMFA法讨论构效关系。结果与结论 合成了23个目标化合物,其中22个未见文献报道,目标化合物的结构经元素分析、¹H-NMR和MS谱确认。体外抗肿瘤活性初筛结果显示,化合物Ⅰa和Ⅰb对Bel-7402、HCT-8、A-549 肿瘤细胞均表现出较高的细胞毒性,化合物Ⅱg对Bel-7402和HCT-8呈现选择性抑制,但对A-549无抑制作用,化合物 Ⅲa~Ⅲf 对3种肿瘤细胞均无明显抑制作用。CoMFA 结果显示,5位芳基胺甲基结构中,胺基的对位含有空间位阻较小和吸电子基团时将有助于提高化合物的活性,而胺基的邻位和间位连有空间位阻较大和供电子基团将会增强化合物的活性。     

三唑硫酮双席夫碱类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的：设计和合成一系列新的1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮双席夫碱类衍生物并测定其抗肿瘤活性。方法以3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛和甘氨酸为原料经一系列反应合成目标化合物7a ～7g,经氢谱核磁共振（1 H - NMR）和红外光谱（IR）表征后在 HeLa、HCT116及 BEL -7402细胞中用噻唑蓝（MTT）法测定其抑制细胞增殖的程度初步判断化合物的体外抗癌活性。结果相对于阳性对照药顺铂,化合物7a、7b、7d、7e 和7g 对 HCT116细胞显示出显著的增殖抑制活性,7a 和7d 对 HeLa 细胞有明显的增殖抑制活性,而7d 对 BEL -7402细胞有很强的抑制作用。结论化合物7d 对3种肿瘤细胞都有显著的抑制增殖活性,但其他化合物对不同来源肿瘤细胞显示出不同的抑制能力。     

二氢黄酮类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 设计合成一系列全新二氢黄酮类化合物,并评价其抗肿瘤活性。方法 以间二甲苯为原料,经硝化、还原、水解、缩合等反应制得目标化合物。采用SRB法、MTT法,以顺铂为阳性对照药,以人肿瘤细胞Bel-7402、HL-60、BGC-823和KB为测试细胞株对目标化合物进行体外抗肿瘤活性评价。 结果与结论 合成了 11 个二氢黄酮类化合物,目标化合物的结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证。化合物5b、5c、5d、5f、5h对人肿瘤细胞KB具有很好的抑制活性,化合物5f、5h同时也对人肿瘤细胞Bel-7402、BGC-823 具有一定的抑制作用。     

Substituted Xanthones as Antimycobacterial Agents,Part 2: Antimycobacterial Activity

A series of substituted xanthones was tested for their activity against four mycobacterial strains (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, M. lufu, M. smegmatis) by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC values). For the most active compounds, supplementary characterisation was performed by bacterial growth kinetics, which allows a more precise interpretation of their antimycobacterial effects. From the test set, 1-methyl-2,4,7-trinitroxanthone ( 8a ) showed the highest antimycobacterial activity with a MIC value of 3 μg/mL against M. tuberculosis, which is comparable to the effect of well known drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. For all other compounds, the MIC values could not be determined, due to the comparatively low activity and to the poor solubility of the compounds, respectively. The semiquantitative evaluation of activity against the different strains of mycobacteria resulted in a classification into three activity classes, which will be used as dependent parameter in QSAR investigations, to be published in Part 3 of this series.     

Microwave-irradiated synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-phenyl-7-substitutedalkyl/arylaminoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives

This report focuses on the synthesis of 2-phenyl-7-substitutedquinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives through both conventional and microwave-irradiated methods. Intermediate 7-chloro-2-phenyl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid was synthesized by condensation and cyclization of benzaldehyde, pyruvic acid, and m-chloroaniline in the presence of absolute ethanol and further substituted with aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic amines to obtain the desired 2-phenyl-7-substitutedaryl/alkylamino-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives under the influence of microwave irradiation, with output power ranging from 160 to 480 W, yield ranging from 90% to 95%, and a shorter reaction time than with the conventional method. All the synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against six gram-positive and four gram-negative organisms. All synthesized compounds are active against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, with prominent results for Streptococcus pyrogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compounds 7c and 7h showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of less than 10 μg.     

Synthesis of new 2-thiouracil-5-sulfonamide derivatives with biological activity

2-Thiouracil-5-sulfonylchloride 1 reacted with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic amines to give 2a-j. The same compound 1 was reacted with a series of sulphonamides giving different sulphonamides of type 3a-e. On the other hand compound 1 was allowed to react with p-aminoacetophenone givining compound 4 which in turn was allowed to react with derivatives of alkyl thiosemicarbazides to give thiosemicarbazones of type 5a-e, also compound 4 was monobrominated to give compound 6 which in turn was reacted thiosemicarbazones of some aldehydes to give the corresponding thiazole derivatives 7a-f. In the same time compound 4 was reacted with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes givining chalcones 8a-g (Claisen-Schemidt reaction). Also compound 4 was allowed to react with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes, ethyl cyano acetate and/or malononitrile, and ammonium acetate giving pyridine derivatives 9a-d and 10a-e respectively. The biological effects of some of the new synthesized compounds was also investigated.     

Asperphenamate全合成新方法及体外抗乳腺癌活性评价

目的探索活性天然产物asperphenamate全合成的新方法，并对其体外抗人乳腺癌作用进行评价。方法以L-苯丙氨酸为起始原料，经过7步反应得到光学活性的目标产物，其结构经红外光谱、CD光谱、核磁共振氨谱、ESI-MS及旋光度确证。采用MTT法，对雌激素受体肿瘤细胞T47D和MDA-MB231进行体外抗乳腺癌活性测试。结果与结论以总收率34％合成了asperphenamate。体外抗乳腺癌活性测试表明asperphenamate对两种肿瘤细胞株没有抑制活性。