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In rabbits, a clear microscopic image of individual, fluorescent blood platelets flowing in a mesenteric microvessel could be obtained over the whole cross-sectional area of the vessel, following an intravenous injection of a solution containing 5–15 mg of the fluorochrome Acridine Red. Most of the circulating platelets were labeled. Activation of the platelets by the injected dye was not seen. A fall in platelet count or hematocrit following injection did not occur. Electron microscopy revealed no gross ultrastructural changes. , the dye reduced platelet aggregation in a dose dependent way. , aggregation and adhesion of platelets as induced by laser injury or transection of an arteriole was observed in all cases, even following multiple injections of Acridine Red. Primary hemostatic plug formation times as measured in mesenteric arterioles were normal after the first and second injection of 5 mg Acridine Red, but prolonged after subsequent injections. Bleeding times as measured on the ear were prolonged following injection of 15 mg of the dye. It is concluded that this labeling procedure allows the study of the rheological behavior of the platelets . Whether this technique can also be used to study functional platelet behavior , needs further investigation. 相似文献
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Pantiga C Rodrigo LR Cuesta M Lopez L Arias JL 《The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2003,15(1):84-89
This study assessed cognitive deficit in patients diagnosed with different stages of hepatic cirrhosis and in liver transplant recipients. A short protocol consisting of several psychometric tests was used. Cirrhotic patients showed a degree of mental impairment in all the functions studied. The severity of the deficit was related to the degree of hepatic dysfunction. In contrast, liver transplant recipients presented only a slightly altered cerebral dysfunction in comparison to the control group. Their cognitive capacity was slightly better than that of patients with asymptomatic cirrhosis. 相似文献
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肝性脑病对肝硬化预后的意义 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
目的 评价肝性脑病对肝硬化患者预后的意义。方法 从肝性脑病等方面评价了150例住院的肝硬化患者,其中47例在住院期间死亡,列为死亡组;103例病情改善,列为存活组。结果 死亡组肝性脑病期别较存活组有显著意义的增高。血清总胆红素水平在治疗过程中有升高趋势,而白蛋白水平则有降低趋势。结论 肝性脑病期别、血清总胆红素、白蛋白水平及变化趋势可较好地反映肝硬化预后。 相似文献
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Härtig W Varga C Kacza J Grosche J Seeger J Luiten PG Brauer K Harkany T 《Neuroreport》2002,13(11):1395-1398
Cholinergic basal forebrain neurons (CBFN) expressing the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75(NTR)) were previously selectively labeled in vivo with carbocyanine 3 (Cy3)-tagged anti-p75(NTR), but the applied 192IgG-conjugates recognized p75(NTR) only in rat. The antibody ME 20.4 raised against human p75(NTR) had been shown to cross-react with the receptor in monkey, raccoon, sheep, cat, dog, pig and rabbit. Hence, for in vivo labeling of rabbit CBFN in the present study, ME 20.4 was fluorochromated with Cy3-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and purified Cy3-ME 20.4 was injected intracerebroventricularly. Two days post-injection, clusters of Cy3-ME 20.4 were found in CBFN displaying choline acetyltrans-ferase-immunoreactivity. Following photoconversion, electron microscopy revealed fluorochromated antibodies in secondary lysosomes. In conclusion, Cy3-ME 20.4 might become an appropriate marker for CBFN in live and fixed tissues of various mammalian species. 相似文献
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The studies of neural stem cell fate, as well as the possibility to genetically manipulate them, represent important tools for modern neuroscience research. Furthermore, the potential use of these cells in treatment of neurological disorders makes these methods valuable for the development of new treatment paradigms. Here we report a method to genetically mark and modify neuroblasts and progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of post-natal rats using retroviral vectors. Using GFP as a marker gene we were able to follow the cells as they migrate and differentiate into olfactory interneurons. The cells were found in the olfactory bulb already 1 week after injection of the vector and after 3 weeks all cells had reached this area. There was a higher efficiency of the labeling of cells in neonatal rats compared to adults but injecting directly into the subventricular zone could to some extent counteract this effect. However, the cell types generated by the GFP positive cells were the same in neonatal and adult animals. This method will be a powerful tool to study the genetic interplay involved in neural stem cell differentiation and may be instrumental in finding a way to instruct these cells to participate in brain repair in the adult central nervous system. 相似文献
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谢芳 《实用神经疾病杂志》2008,(1):25-26
目的观察联合使用门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗各种肝硬化引起肝性脑病患者的临床疗效,探讨其对生化指标的影响。方法收集2004-08-2007-08乙肝、丙肝和酒精性肝硬化住院患者84例,住院期间均出现不同程度的肝性脑病,分为门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗组与乙酰谷酰胺治疗组(各42例),治疗5~7d观察2组患者的临床表现,记录临床症状、体征的变化.检测治疗前后患者血氨和肝功能,判断临床疗效变化。结果2组患者均经过5~7d治疗后,门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗组患者显效22例(52.4%).有效16例(38.1%),无效4例(9.5%),无死亡病例,总有效率为90.5%;乙酰谷酰胺治疗组患者显效16例(38.1%),有效14例(33.3%),无效8例(19.1%),死亡4例(9.5%),总有效率为71.4%。2组总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。另外,发现门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗组患者的血氨水平比乙酰谷酰胺治疗组显著下降(P〈0.05),而2组之间的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、胆红素和凝血酶原时间均无明显变化(P〉0.05)。结论降低血氨是治疗肝性脑病的重要步骤,门冬氨酸联合鸟氨酸是控制肝性脑病发生的有效药物。 相似文献
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门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸联合治疗肝性脑病的疗效观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
谢芳 《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2008,11(1):25-26
目的观察联合使用门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗各种肝硬化引起肝性脑病患者的临床疗效,探讨其对生化指标的影响。方法收集2004-08~2007-08乙肝、丙肝和酒精性肝硬化住院患者84例,住院期间均出现不同程度的肝性脑病,分为门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗组与乙酰谷酰胺治疗组(各42例),治疗5~7d观察2组患者的临床表现,记录临床症状、体征的变化,检测治疗前后患者血氨和肝功能,判断临床疗效变化。结果2组患者均经过5~7d治疗后,门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗组患者显效22例(52.4%),有效16例(38.1%),无效4例(9.5%),无死亡病例,总有效率为90.5%;乙酰谷酰胺治疗组患者显效16例(38.1%),有效14例(33.3%),无效8例(19.1%),死亡4例(9.5%),总有效率为71.4%。2组总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。另外,发现门冬氨酸和鸟氨酸治疗组患者的血氨水平比乙酰谷酰胺治疗组显著下降(P<0.05),而2组之间的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、胆红素和凝血酶原时间均无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论降低血氨是治疗肝性脑病的重要步骤,门冬氨酸联合鸟氨酸是控制肝性脑病发生的有效药物。 相似文献
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杜密克治疗肝硬化引起的肝性脑病的疗效观察 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
刘天保 《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2007,10(1):68-69
目的 观察杜密克治疗肝硬化引起的肝性脑病的临床疗效.方法 将56例由乙肝或丙肝致肝硬化而出现肝性脑病患者随机分为治疗组(n=32)和对照组(n=24).治疗组接受杜密克口服液,对照组接受常规护肝治疗,经治疗2周后,观察临床疗效、肝功能、血氨、脑电图等变化.结果 杜密克组显效9例(28.1%),有效14例(43.8%),无效9例(28.1%),死亡2例(6.3%),总有效率为71.9%;而对照组显效2例(8.3%),有效3例(12.5%),无效19例(79.2%),死亡5例(20.8%),总有效率为20.8%.两组总有效率比较差异有显著性(P<0.001).杜密克组血氨浓度显著降低(P<0.01).结论 杜密克是预防和治疗肝炎肝硬化患者肝性脑病的有效药物,可改善临床症状. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The occurrence of thrombocytopenia has been reported during clinical eptifibatide (Integrilin) therapy, but the exact mechanism is not yet established to explain the varied duration and severity of thrombocytopenia associated with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors. We assessed the redistribution of platelets in juvenile baboons during acute transient thrombocytopenia that was observed after eptifibatide injection. METHODS: Eptifibatide was administered intravenously to eight baboons by infusion at 20 microg/kg/min or a bolus injection of 10 mg. Platelet distribution was measured with a gamma scintillation camera using 111In-labeled autologous platelets. Platelet function and GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition were evaluated using the Plateletworks system. The effects of pretreatment with abciximab (0.4 mg/kg) or human immunoglobulin concentrate (0.75 g/kg) were also investigated. RESULTS: Eptifibatide, administered as an infusion or a bolus, caused transient thrombocytopenia with uptake of platelets predominantly by the liver. The recovery of platelet aggregation was associated with the re-entry of platelets from the liver into the systemic circulation. Pretreatment with either abciximab (0.4 mg/kg) or human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, 0.75 g/kg) attenuated eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia and the hepatic uptake of radiolabeled platelets. CONCLUSION: Acute thrombocytopenia after eptifibatide injection was caused by the transient redistribution of platelets to the liver. Attenuation of the decrease in platelet count and hepatic sequestration by abciximab and IVIG suggests that thrombocytopenia may have been caused by ligand-induced binding site antigen induction and recognition by the reticuloendothelial system. 相似文献
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Maximilian Waldner Joerg Hutter Eberhard Uhl Alexander Baethmann Jens Lehmberg 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2007,27(2):327-333
Activation of platelets induces interactions with platelets, endothelial cells, and leukocytes. In vivo observation of these interactions in the cerebral microcirculation is rare. The purpose of the present study was to develop a model enabling the in vivo observation of platelet kinetics in the cerebral microcirculation. Intravital fluorescence microscopy was performed in the Mongolian gerbil. Platelets of a donor were labeled ex vivo with carboxyfluorescein diacetat-succinimidylester (CFDA-SE), providing long-term fluorescence. Platelet function was tested ex vivo by flow cytometric analysis and in vivo by analyzing platelet-endothelium interactions. Labeled platelets stimulated with adenosine diphosphate ADP (200 micromol/L) or thrombin (1000 U/L) showed aggregation in flow cytrometric analysis, whereas unstimulated platelets were not aggregated. Irradiation of the brain surface after intravenous injection of the photosensitizing dye Photosan first induced rolling and firm adherence of platelets on arteriolar and venular endothelium, followed by the formation of a thrombus obstructing the vessel. Quantitative analysis (n x 100 microm(-1) min(-1)) before and after 6 mins of irradiation showed 2.6+/-3.2 versus 29.0+/-28.9 rolling, and 0.0+/-0.0 versus 1.7+/-2.3 firm adherent platelets in arterioles, and 3.9+/-3.3 versus 36.6+/-20.9 rolling and 0.0+/-0.0 versus 13.6+/-8.9 firm adherent platelets in venules. Thus, we conclude that ex vivo labeling of platelets with CFDA-SE does not activate platelets. Platelet aggregation and adhesion was achieved by platelet-specific stimulation such as ADP, thrombin or irradiation. In vivo assessment of physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of platelets in the cerebral microcirculation can be achieved in this model. 相似文献
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The phencyclidine (PCP) derivative N-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]-piperidine (3H-TCP) was used to label in vivo the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated ionic channel in the mouse brain. After the injection of a tracer dose of 3H-TCP, a spread labeling throughout the brain was observed, but was the highest in the cerebellum. Preadministration of unlabeled TCP (30 mg/kg) resulted in a 90% reduction of 3H-TCP binding. PCP, TCP, MK-801, dexoxadrol, ketamine, and SKF 10,047 isomers dose-dependently prevented the in vivo 3H-TCP binding. ID50 determined in the cerebrum and the cerebellum were respectively correlated with K0.5 for 3H TCP high (rat cortex) and low affinity (rat cerebellum) sites in vitro. The pharmacological specificity of the 3H-TCP binding site in the cerebellum was significantly different from that in the cerebrum. ID50 values were generally higher than in the cerebrum and, particularly, MK-801, the most potent drug in the cerebrum, was without significant effect in the cerebellum, at any time and at doses as high as 30 mg/kg. N-[1-(2-benzo(b) thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (BTCP), desipramine, and atropine showed a more efficient prevention of 3H-TCP binding in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum. The prevention of the binding by TCP or PCP, at doses close to their ID50 values, was rapid and then decreased slowly. The effect of MK-801 was long-lasting. This study confirm previous in vitro studies: 3H-TCP is an efficient tool for the labeling of the NMDA receptor-associated ionic channel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Behrus Jahan-Parwar Katalin S.-Rozsa Janos Salanki Martyn L. Evans David O. Carpenter 《Brain research》1987,426(1):173-178
Intrahemocoelial administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) to Aplysia californica induces a transient (less than 4 h) behavioral alteration. About 5 weeks after 5,7-DHT treatment, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing neurons develop dark brown pigmentation. These labeled 5-HT neurons have normal physiological and pharmacological properties when investigated electrophysiologically. This contrasts with the long-term neurotoxic effect of 5,7-DHT on vertebrate neurons. This technique will greatly facilitate visual identification of 5-HT-containing neurons and study of their physiology and actions. 相似文献
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Antonio Molina J Manuel García-Segura J Benito-León J Javier Jiménez-Jiménez F Martinéz V Viaño J Bermejoa F 《Parkinsonism & related disorders》1998,4(1):11-15
We report the 'H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy findings in two siblings with neuroacanthocytosis (NAC), along with six matched controls. Proton spectra recorded from single voxels containing putamen and globus pallidus showed a significantly higher intensity of myoinositol and choline peaks in patients when compared with controls. The myoinositol/creatine, myoinositol/N-acetyl-aspartate, and choline/creatine ratios were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. Although the increased myoinositol signal could be a non-specific finding, it could not be excluded that it had a possible role in the pathogenesis of NAC. 相似文献
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Analysis of immunoglobulins that bind to platelets from serum of patients with immune thrombocytopenia: molecular weight distribution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The nature of platelet- bindable immunoglobulins (PB-Ig) in serum has been investigated. PB-IgG, -A and -M were measured by an ELISA using platelets coated on microtitre plates. This assay detected alloantibodies at high serum dilutions. In 32 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) raised levels of at least one PB-Ig class were found in 18. To distinguish binding due to immune complexes, the molecular weight of PB-IgG was studied by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. In sera from patients with ITP and SLE, PB-IgG with Mr of primarily 150 Kd was observed, compatible with monomeric IgG antiplatelet antibodies. Levels of PB-IgG in serum were not related to total serum IgG. In sera from the patients with SLE and some with ITP (most of whom had several of the features of SLE), PB-IgG with Mr of 200 Kd - greater than 1000 Kd was seen. In heat-aggregated preparations of normal IgG, PB-IgG with Mr up to 1000 Kd was also found. Rabbit IgG was able to block PB-IgG in fractions of high molecular weight in purified normal IgG, heat-aggregated normal IgG and in patient serum, but had no effect on the 150 Kd peak. In whole serum from patients who had high molecular weight PB-IgG, the inhibitory effects of rabbit IgG were much less than in isolated high molecular weight column fractions. Thus although the majority of PB-IgG is monomeric antiplatelet antibody, some PB-IgG with higher molecular weight, characteristic of immune complexes, occurs in sera of some patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia and it makes a small contribution to PB-IgG levels measured in whole serum. 相似文献
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刘天保 《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2006,9(6):38-39
目的 观察雅博司治疗乙肝肝硬化引起的肝性脑病的临床疗效。方法 将48例乙肝肝硬化出现肝性脑病患者随机分为雅博司组(26例)和乙酰谷酰胺组(22例),治疗1周后观察疗效。结果 雅博司组显效12例(46.2%),有效13例(50%),无效1例(3.8%),无死亡,总有效率为96.2%;而乙酰谷酰胺组显效5例(22.7%)。有效7例(31.8%),无效6例(27.3%),死亡4例(18.2%),总有效率为54.5%。两组总有效率比较差异有显著性(P〈0.01)。雅博司组血氨浓度显著降低(P〈0.05)。结论 雅博司是治疗乙肝肝硬化患者肝性脑病的有效药物,可迅速控制惠者的临床症状,降低死亡率。 相似文献
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M. Butz L. Timmermann M. Braun S. J. Groiss L. Wojtecki S. Ostrowski H. Krause B. Pollok J. Gross M. Südmeyer G. Kircheis D. Häussinger A. Schnitzler 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》2010,122(1):27-35
Butz M, Timmermann L, Braun M, Groiss SJ, Wojtecki L, Ostrowski S, Krause H, Pollok B, Gross J, Südmeyer M, Kircheis G, Häussinger D, Schnitzler A. Motor impairment in liver cirrhosis without and with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 27–35.© 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Aim – Manifest hepatic encephalopathy (HE) goes along with motor symptoms such as ataxia, mini‐asterixis, and asterixis. The relevance of motor impairments in cirrhotics without and with minimal HE (mHE) is still a matter of debate. Patients and methods – We tested three different groups of patients with liver cirrhosis: no signs of HE (HE 0), mHE, and manifest HE grade 1 according to the West Haven criteria (HE 1). All patients (n = 24) and 11 healthy control subjects were neuropsychometrically tested including critical flicker frequency (CFF), a reliable measure for HE. Motor abilities were assessed using Fahn Tremor Scale and International Ataxia Rating Scale. Fastest alternating index finger movements were analyzed for frequency and amplitude. Results – Statistical analyses showed an effect of HE grade on tremor and ataxia (P < 0.01). Additionally, both ratings yielded strong negative correlation with CFF (P < 0.01, R = ?0.5). Analysis of finger movements revealed an effect of HE grade on movement frequency (P < 0.03). Moreover, decreasing movement frequency and increasing movement amplitude parallel decreasing CFF (P < 0.01, R = 0.6). Conclusion – Our results indicate that ataxia, tremor, and slowing of finger movements are early markers for cerebral dysfunction in HE patients even prior to neuropsychometric alterations becoming detectable. 相似文献
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Karakantza M Maniatis A Metallinos CI Papapetropoulos T Paschalis C 《Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation》2003,34(10):e174-5; author reply e174-5