QT离散度与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

测量１００例（男８６例，女１４例，平均年龄５６．１±５．６岁）冠状动脉造影者的体表心电图ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ），结果显示:冠状动脉狭窄组ＱＴｄ较冠脉正常组明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在狭窄程度大于或等于７５％组和狭窄小于７５％组间，ＱＴｄ差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明ＱＴｄ与冠脉狭窄程度有关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文讨论了单支冠脉病变、多支冠脉病变及左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）与ＱＴｄ的关系，其中单支病变和多支病变的ＱＴｄ无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而ＬＶＥＦ＞４０％和ＬＶＥＦ≤４０％两组间，ＱＴｄ差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），表明ＱＴｄ与左室射血功能有关     

平板运动试验中的QT离散度诊断冠心病的价值

目的了解平板运动试验中的ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）和校正ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）变化对冠心病心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法分析经冠脉造影证实的３０例冠心病患者与２３例冠脉造影正常者平板运动试验前、试验中ＳＴ段下移最大时或最大负荷心率时（无ＳＴ段下移时）及运动后体表１２导联心电图ＱＴｄ、ＱＴｃｄ变化。结果冠心病组和冠脉正常组ＱＴｄ与ＱＴｃｄ比较Ｐ均〈０．０１;冠心病组ＱＴｃｄ运动中与运动前、后比Ｐ均〈０．０１,Ｑ     

QT离散度在冠心病患者运动试验中的意义

目的探讨平板运动试验中冠心病患者与冠状动脉正常者ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）变化的意义。方法分析经冠状脉动（冠脉）造影证实的１３例冠心病患者与１７例冠脉造影正常者平板运动试验前、试验中ＳＴ段下移０１ｍＶ以上或出现典型心绞痛症状或达亚极量心率时以及运动后体表１２导联心电图ＱＴｄ变化。结果运动前、中、后冠心病组ＱＴｄ分别为４６２±２０１ｍｓ，７１９±２０．４ｍｓ及５１．２±１４．５ｍｓ；而冠状动脉正常组分别为３２．３±６．６ｍｓ，３０．９±９．２ｍｓ与２９．４±８．５ｍｓ，两组相比Ｐ均＜０．０１；冠心病组ＱＴｄ运动中与运动前后相比Ｐ均＜０．０１，而冠脉正常组差异无显著性；以运动中ＱＴｄ≥６０ｍｓ判为异常，诊断冠心病的敏感性为９２．３％，特异性１００％，准确性９６．７％。结论冠心病患者运动试验中ＱＴｄ进一步显著增加，ＱＴｄ是运动试验中诊断冠心病心肌缺血敏感而特异的指标。     

135例冠心病患者双峰P波及其临床意义

对１３５例（冠心病４５例，风心病４８例，其它４２例）心电图作分析，探讨异常双峰Ｐ波及异常Ｖ１导联Ｐ波终末向量（Ｐｔｆｖｆ１）的发生及其临床意义，以Ｐ波双峰间路≥０．０４ｓ，Ｐｔｆｖ１≤－０．０３ｍｍ．ｓ为异常标准。结果：（１）冠心病组（Ａ组）异常与风心病组（Ｂ组）比较，其振幅（０．１３４±０．０３８）ｍＶ比（０．１６９±０．０５１）ｍＶ，Ｐ〈０．０５，时间（１１０±８０）ｍｓ比（１１８±８９）ｍｓ，Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐｔｆｖ１（０．０３２±０．２５）ｍｍ．ｓ比（０．０４９±０．０３２）ｍｍ．ｓ，Ｐ〈０．０１测值均较小。（２）Ａ组异常呈动态变化比Ｂ组多见（８０％比１２．５％，Ｐ〈０．０１）；（３）Ａ组形态（前峰＝后峰及前峰〈后峰）在胸导联比Ｂ组多（４０．０％比１２．５％，Ｐ〈０．０１），肢导联相反（４．４％比５０％     

动态心电图最快心率Q—Tc较最慢心率延长对冠心病的诊断价值

为了解２４ｈ动态心电图最快心率Ｑ－Ｔｃ较最慢心率的延长部分（Ｑ－Ｔｃｐ）对冠心病的诊断价值,观察３３例冠心病与３３例正常人Ｑ－Ｔｃ,结果冠心病最快心率Ｑ－Ｔｃ,Ｑ－Ｔｃｐ分别为４５４．６±２３．８ｍｓ,６６．７±２３．６ｍｓ,对照组为４１９．５±２９．８ｍｓ,２４．８±１８．８ｍｓ两组差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ,０．０１）,如以Ｑ－Ｔｃｐ≥４５ｍｓ为冠心病阳性标准,其敏感性为８５％,特异性为９１％,均     

心肌缺血致室性心动过速的发生机制探讨

对冠心病患者心肌缺血（ＭＩ）时伴室性心动过速的１９例病人（Ｉ组）与无室速的４６例病人（Ⅱ组）进行对比分析。结果显示：２组每天ＭＩ总阵次和总时间有非常显著性差异（Ｐ均〈０．０１），Ｉ组全程持续性ＭＩ高于Ⅱ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；Ｉ组中伴室速发作的ＭＩ持续时间、最大ＳＴ段压低幅度高于无室速的ＭＩ（Ｐ均〈０．０１）；Ｉ组心室晚电位阳性及３级以上室早总发生率均明显高于Ⅱ组（Ｐ均〈０．０１）。提示冠心病患者ＭＩ     

心电图最大ST／HR斜率法在老年人冠心病临床诊断中的价值

目的　探讨心电图最大ＳＴ／ＨＲ斜率对老年人冠心病的诊断价值。　方法　采用踏车运动试验测定３０例老年冠心病患者和３０ 例健康老年对照者的最大ＳＴ／ＨＲ斜率及ＳＴ段压低值。　结果　老年冠心病组的心电图最大ＳＴ／ＨＲ斜率值明显高于对照组〔分别为（３．０±１．３）及（０．９±０．９）μＶ·ｂｐ－ １·ｍ ｉｎ－ １,Ｐ＜ ０．０１〕,最大ＳＴ／ＨＲ斜率法诊断老年人冠心病的敏感性和特异性高于ＳＴ段压低法（分别为９０．０％ 、８６．６％ 和６０．０％ 、７３．３％ ,均为Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。随冠状动脉病变数目增多其最大ＳＴ／ＨＲ斜率值呈增大趋势。　结论　最大ＳＴ／ＨＲ斜率法对老年人冠心病的临床诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性,优于单纯ＳＴ段压低法,并对预示冠状动脉病变数目有一定的价值     

CT检测冠状动脉钙化对冠心病的诊断价值《附100例冠状动脉造影对比分析》

１００例可疑冠心病、冠心病，男９１例，女９例，年龄平均５１．４±１１．３岁。先后进行冠脉造影及冠脉ＣＴ扫描，估价冠脉钙化对冠心病的诊断价值。结果：冠脉造影中４１例≥７５％狭窄、１０例轻度狭窄。５１例冠脉狭窄中４６例冠脉钙化（９０．２９％）；４９树冠脉正常中有２例冠脉钙化（４．０８％）。两组冠脉钙化出现率有非常明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。从ＣＴ冠脉钙化与冠脉造影符合率分析：完全符合加基本符合者８６例（８６％）。提出ＣＴ可显示冠脉钙化的形态和程度，对诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性狭窄有临床价值。     

卡托普利对冠心病患者内源性纤溶功能的影响

目的：冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者内源性纤溶功能紊乱与肾素—血管紧张素系统激活有关，但转换酶抑制剂能否改善这种功能紊乱尚不十分清楚，本文目的是研究此作用。方法：符合世界卫生组织冠心病不稳定性心绞痛诊断标准，６５％经选择性冠状动脉造影确定冠状动脉狭窄≥５０％的患者３４例，单盲随机分为卡托普利治疗组（１８例）及安慰剂对照组（１６例），４周治疗前、后检测血浆肾素活性、血管紧张素Ｉ、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）及纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物（ＰＡＩ）含量与活性，两组间的参数比较采用ｔ检验。结果：４周后，治疗组的血浆血管紧张素Ｉ及ｔ－ＰＡ含量、ＰＡＩ活性均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１，而ｔ－ＰＡ活性及纤溶活力则显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：卡托普利可通过降低血浆血管紧张素Ｉ水平，改善冠心病患者内源性纤溶功能紊乱。本结果对预防冠状动脉内血栓形成有意义     

心电图运动试验中QRSc延长在冠心病诊断中的价值

临床拟诊冠心病的120例患者,经冠状动脉造影证实元冠状动脉狭窄或狭窄〈50％者为对照组,狭窄≥50％者为冠心病组。入院2周内行心电图活动平板运动试验,检测试验前后QRS时限的变化,并以心率校正QRS时限。发现两组运动前校正QRs（QRsc）无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;对照组运动后QRSc逐渐缩短,而冠心病组运动后QRSc逐渐延长,两组比较有统计学差异（P〈O．01）;冠脉病变支数越多,QnSc变化越明显。认为运动试验中QRSc延长可作为诊断冠心病心肌缺血的补充方法或基层医院诊断心肌缺血的重要方法。     

Recurrent nontraumatic aortic tears resulting in valvular avulsion and aortic insufficiency

A case of aortic insufficiency due to avulsion of two of three semilunar valves was remarkable because of the intimal and medial tears which caused it. The tears were in different stages of repair, suggesting repetitive injury. Antemortem steroid therapy and bouts of violent coughing may explain these unusual findings.     

Long term results of heart transplantation in patients with amyloid heart disease

OBJECTIVE—To determine the outcome of heart transplantation for end stage amyloid heart disease in patients treated at a single centre.
DESIGN—Records of all patients with amyloid heart disease who underwent heart transplantation were examined to determine survival, graft involvement by amyloid, the course of systemic amyloid disease, and the cause of death.
PATIENTS—10 patients, mean (SD) age 54 (8) years, received transplants in the 13 year period 1984 to 1997.
RESULTS—Two patients, both with AL amyloid (primary systemic amyloidosis), died perioperatively. Mean follow up in the remaining eight patients was 49.9 (39.5) months (range 3-116 months). Amyloid deposits in the grafts became evident histologically in five patients with AL amyloid at 5, 11, 12, 28, and 30 months after transplantation, and in one patient with familial amyloid at 60 months. Echocardiography showed no evidence of left ventricular systolic impairment at the time of recurrence. Seven patients died, at 3, 11, 26, 32, 49, 85, and 116 months after transplantation; four of these deaths were related to amyloidosis. Actuarial survival at one and two years was 60% and at five years, 30%.
CONCLUSIONS—Heart transplantation for amyloid heart disease remains controversial because of the scarcity of hearts for transplantation, the systemic nature of amyloidosis, and the potential for amyloid deposition in the graft. Postoperative mortality was high (20%), reflecting extracardiac amyloid. Heart transplantation for end stage cardiac amyloidosis is feasible but, without treatment of the underlying process, it is a palliative procedure.


Keywords: heart transplantation; amyloid heart disease; heart failure     

Relationship of auscultatory fourth heart sound to the quantitated left atrial filling fraction

The fourth heart sound (S4) has been associated with vigorous atrial contraction. However, the presence of S4 has not been previously correlated with quantitated left atrial filling fraction. In this study, the presence of an auscultatory S4 was compared with the Doppler echocardiographically quantitated left atrial filling fraction in 41 consecutive patients in whom S4 was judged to be present or absent according to the consensus of cardiologists. Left atrial filling fraction in patients with S4 was 49% and was significantly greater than 33% found in patients without S4 (p less than 0.005). Using atrial filling fraction of 35% as a dividing line, S4 had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 75% for determining left atrial filling fraction greater than or equal to 35%. Furthermore, of 25 patients with S4, 21 (84%) had atrial filling fraction greater than or equal to or less than 35%, and of 16 patients without S4, 12 (75%) had atrial filling fraction less than 35%. Thus, the presence or the absence of S4 is quantitatively related to the left atrial filling fraction and appears to predict atrial filling fraction greater than or equal to or less than 35% reasonably well.     

重症肺炎大鼠心脏结构和功能的改变

目的研究重症肺炎大鼠心脏结构和功能的改变。方法50只大鼠,30只建立金葡菌肺炎模型,20只大鼠作对照,检测大鼠心肌病理积分及心脏结构和功能改变,并分析其相互关系。结果肺炎组大鼠有肺炎症状及肺脏病理变化,表明该肺炎模型建立成功。肺炎组大鼠左房内径（LA）、左室收缩末期内径（LVSD）、肺动脉内径（PA）、左房内径／主动脉内径（LA／AO）值较对照组显著增加,主动脉血流峰值流速（PFVA）、主动脉血流速度积分（Viao）、肺动脉血流峰值流速（PFVP）、肺动脉血流速度积分（Vipa）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）较对照组显著降低（P均〈0．01）。结论肺炎大鼠存在心脏结构和功能改变,证明重症肺炎可并发心衰。     

Cardiac surgery for patients with heart failure due to structural heart disease in Uganda: access to surgery and outcomes

Improvement in the control of infectious diseases and malnutrition associated with changes in lifestyle has led to a new epidemiological pattern in many low- and middle-income countries. Non-communicable diseases, mainly cardiovascular disorders, have emerged as major causes of morbidity and mortality in most sub-Saharan African countries.1 Hospital-based studies indicate that heart failure (HF) accounts for 3–7% of all admissions to African hospitals.2,3-7Although there has been increasing interest in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in the African continent,7-9 recent data from Uganda are scarce7,10 but most needed to guide public health policies. Most registers originate from South Africa and cannot be transposed to poorer sub-Saharan countries.2,11Echocardiography is a mainstay in the assessment of HF. Unfortunately, access to echocardiography remains limited in many African countries due to cost and lack of skilled health workers, thereby leading to little data on cardiovascular diseases.12We report on the distinctive patterns of HF through a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study in patients referred for suspected heart disease in urban Kampala, Uganda, in order to characterise the features of HF and to tailor future interventions. We also aimed at assessing access to invasive interventions and outcomes in patients with surgical indications.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心率震荡检测及临床意义

目的观察慢性心力衰竭患者窦性心率震荡(HRT)现象的特征并探讨其临床意义。方法50例慢性心衰患者(心衰组)和30例非器质性心脏病患者(对照组)均接受24hHolter检查,分别计算HRT的初始值(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)及心率变异性的SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值,并进行相关性分析。结果心衰组TO明显高于对照组(0.65±3.60%与-1.89±2.48%,P<0.01);心衰组TS明显低于对照组(2.96±1.23与10.24±4.47,P<0.001)。对照组TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为-0.426、-0.385、-0.372(P均<0.05);心衰组TO与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为0.489、0.465、0.436(P均<0.01),TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为-0.745、-0.686、-0.597(P均<0.001)。结论慢性心衰患者中HRT现象明显减弱,TO与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值呈正相关,TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值呈负相关。     

功能性三尖瓣关闭不全的分析和治疗

目的为提高治疗功能性三尖瓣关闭不全（ＴＲ）水平，总结近５年临床体会。方法分析３５例经手术治疗ＴＲ患者，其中瓣膜病组２６例，先心病组９例。瓣膜病组与同期７９例患者资料比较，手术行三尖瓣环成形术。结果瓣膜病组ＴＲ发生率为５５２％，其与病程、心胸比值、ＥＦ、左房大小有关（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中８２８％为心房颤动（Ｐ均＜０．０１），重度肺高压６７２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。先心病组中左向右分流患者均为重度肺动脉高压，有紫绀患者均有右心扩大。随访２４例，心功能Ⅰ级１７例、Ⅱ级６例、Ⅲ级１例。结论三尖瓣环成形术是治疗ＴＲ有效方法，应根据临床表现、右心功能、肺血管阻力及ＴＲ程度决定手术指征。     

先心病介入封堵治疗的新进展

先天性心脏病的发病率为8‰～12‰,传统外科手术是主要的治疗方法。随着微创介入手术的飞速发展,先心病介入封堵治疗日益成熟,现就目前几种常见先心病的介入封堵治疗的新进展做一综述。