Aesthetic quadrant dentistry using a chairside CAD/CAM system: a case presentation.

There are numerous CAD/CAM technologies available today for the production of highly aesthetic restorations with strength and precision. Laboratory-based CAD/CAM systems typically require the patient to receive a provisional restoration and then return to the dental office for a second visit for placement of the definitive restoration upon receipt from the laboratory. Chairside systems, as described in the following case presentation, allow excellent benefits to be achieved in one patient visit. Thus, this case presentation describes the sequences associated with single-visit, in-office CAD/CAM quadrant dentistry.     

Predictable aesthetic replacement of a metal-ceramic crown using CAD/CAM technology: a case report

The currently available CAD/CAM technologies present clinicians with various clinical benefits that include durability, marginal adaptation, and precision aesthetics. The clinical and laboratory procedures associated with these CAD/CAM systems differ from one another, and practitioners must understand the indications for each. Office-based systems, as demonstrated in the following case presentation, allow excellent results to be achieved in a single patient visit and provide a viable alternative for today's practice. This case report describes the associated sequences for a posterior CAD/CAM restoration. Learning Objectives This article discusses a protocol for the use of CAD/CAM restorations in the aesthetic replacement of defective posterior crowns. Upon reading this article, the reader should have: * Greater understanding of the in-office CAD/CAM procedures used to fabricate single-visit crowns. * Improved awareness of the bonding protocol used for these all-ceramic crowns.     

An overview of the CEREC 3D CAD/CAM system

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology has made steady inroads into the practice of dentistry. The CEREC CAD/CAM system can be used chairside to fabricate porcelain and composite inlays, onlays, and crowns and porcelain veneers. The latest incarnation of the CEREC system is the CEREC 3D, which provides a versatile, relatively simple, user-friendly method for fabricating esthetic restorations chairside without involving a dental laboratory. CEREC 3D may be the system that allows the average general dentist to provide chairside porcelain restorations during single-visit appointments, eliminating the need for an elastomeric impression or an interim restoration as well as the expense of a laboratory fee.     

Custom ceramic posts and cores: an overview of rationale and a new use for a proven technology

Endodontically treated teeth pose a unique restorative challenge. This challenge is magnified in the esthetic zone when an all-ceramic crown is the desired final restoration. When choosing a treatment modality, the dentist must consider the physical properties of post and core materials and couple those considerations with the patient's demand for life-like restorative results. As computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) technology enters the mainstream of dentistry, an ideal passive custom ceramic post and core may be constructed chairside or ordered from a dental laboratory. CAD/CAM offers unmatched precision and versatility for the construction of dental posts and cores. This type of post and core construction allows the dentist to avoid the pitfalls of poor fitting prefabricated posts, separate core materials, and delays in making the final crown restoration by constructing them chairside and avoiding the laboratory time involved in casting a custom metal post.     

椅旁数字化修复系统的历史和发展

目前,基于计算机辅助设计与制造（CAD/CAM）技术的数字化修复已成为口腔修复学的重要发展方向。多种口腔修复体已可通过数字化手段加工制作。椅旁数字化修复系统可以为医生提供快速、高效、椅旁一次完成的临床治疗手段。椅旁数字化修复系统从问世至今,已有近30年的历史。本文就椅旁数字化修复系统的历史演变、应用现状以及未来发展方向做一综述。     

�������ֻ��޸�ϵͳ����ʷ�ͷ�չ

目前,基于计算机辅助设计与制造(CAD/CAM)技术的数字化修复已成为口腔修复学的重要发展方向。多种口腔修复体已可通过数字化手段加工制作。椅旁数字化修复系统可以为医生提供快速、高效、椅旁一次完成的临床治疗手段。椅旁数字化修复系统从问世至今,已有近30年的历史。本文就椅旁数字化修复系统的历史演变、应用现状以及未来发展方向做一综述。     

CAD/CAM复合陶瓷材料表面处理的研究进展

随着CAD/CAM技术的不断发展,越来越多的CAD/CAM复合陶瓷材料被应用于口腔修复学,其远期修复效果很大程度取决于修复体的粘接强度,其中影响修复体与牙体粘接强度的主要因素就是修复体的表面处理,该文就CAD/CAM材料的表面处理的研究进展作一综述。     

CAD/CAM or conventional ceramic materials restorations longevity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the difference in longevity of tooth-supported ceramic prostheses designed by conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques.Study selectionTwo reviewers searched the Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS and LILACS databases between 1966 and October 2017. Clinical studies that compared the survival rate of CAD/CAM against conventional restorations were included.ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials and three prospective studies were included, n = 14. Three types of tooth-supported restorations were searched in the included studies: single crown, multiple-unit and partial ceramic crown. The follow-up of patients in the studies ranged from 24 to 84 months. A total of 1209 restorations had been placed in 957 patients in the included trials, and failures were analyzed by type and material restoration. From a total of 72 restoration failures, the CAD/CAM system resulted in a 1.84 (IC95%: 1.28–2.63) higher risk than conventional manufacturing of ceramic restoration. Nevertheless, when drop-outs were included as a failure risk, the CAD/CAM system resulted in a risk of 1.32 (IC95%: 1.10–1.58). Multilevel analysis of tooth-supported ceramic restorations, considering drop-outs as successes, resulted in rates of 1.48 and 2.62 failures per 100 restoration-years for the controls and CAD/CAM groups, respectively. Considering drop-outs as failures, we found rates of 4.23 and 5.88 failures per 100 restoration-years for the controls and CAD/CAM groups, respectively.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis results suggest that the longevity of a tooth-supported ceramic prostheses made by CAD/CAM manufacturing is lower than that of crowns mad by the conventional technique.     

CAD/CAM瓷嵌体在活髓后牙牙体缺损修复中的应用

牙体缺损的治疗原则是保护牙髓及恢复牙齿功能,并兼顾微创美学修复。近年来,计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制作（CAD/CAM）椅旁修复系统以其精确便捷的加工技术、简单微创的牙体预备、可靠稳定的粘接修复等优势在牙体缺损修复领域迅速得以应用。现对CAD/CAM瓷嵌体在活髓后牙牙体缺损修复应用中的相关问题做一阐述。     

双排龈技术在CAD/CAM全瓷修复中的临床应用

目的：评价双排龈技术在CAD/CAM全瓷修复中的临床应用效果。方法：对30例48单位前牙行CAD/CAM全瓷修复,牙体预备后采用双排龈技术进行排龈,检查牙龈及预备体、光学印模以及修复体边缘情况。结果：双排龈技术的满意率分别为97.91%,95.83%,100.0%。结论：双排龈技术在CAD/CAM全瓷修复时具有很好的应用效果。     

Materials for chairside CAD/CAM restorations

Chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems have become considerably more accurate, efficient, and prevalent as the technology has evolved in the past 25 years. The initial restorative material option for chairside CAD/CAM restorations was limited to ceramic blocks. Restorative material options have multiplied and now include esthetic ceramics, high-strength ceramics, and composite materials for both definitive and temporary restoration applications. This article will review current materials available for chairside CAD/CAM restorations.     

CAD/CAM高嵌体修复根管治疗后磨牙大面积缺损的临床研究

目的:分析CAD/CAM高嵌体修复磨牙根管治疗后牙冠大面积缺损的疗效分析.方法:选择260颗牙体重度龋损累及牙髓的磨牙,经完善的根管治疗后采用CAD/CAM椅旁技术进行全瓷高嵌体修复.分别在修复后6、12、18个月进行随访,参考美国公共健康会(USPHS)标准对其临床效果进行观察.结果:在260颗患牙中,CAD/CAM高嵌体修复磨牙根管治疗后牙冠大面积缺损成功率为98％,其中3例发生修复体脱落,2例发生修复体折裂.结论:CAD/CAM高嵌体修复技术可以作为磨牙根管治疗后牙体大面积缺损修复的手段.     

三维有限元分析在纤维桩力学研究中的应用进展

纤维桩自推出以来以其良好的生物相容性、优良的机械性能、耐疲劳、耐腐蚀以及易拆除、根折发生率低等优点,在残根残冠的修复治疗中逐渐得到广泛的应用。有限元分析能对复杂形态、结构物体在各种载荷下的应力应变进行分析比较,是口腔生物力学研究中的重要手段。其中三维有限元分析因其模型的几何相似性和力学相似性,成为了纤维桩力学研究中的一种高效、精确、直观的方法。     

97例CAD/CAM氧化锆基底冠桥修复体制作效果评价

目的评价运用CAD/CAM技术制成的氧化锆修复体的制作效果,探讨影响效果的相关因素。方法选择97例CAD/CAM氧化锆冠桥基底修复的临床病例,观察修复体制作的过程,分析其边缘适合性、颜色、固位、折断或破损情况,综合评价制作效果。以70例贵金属烤瓷冠作为对照组进行研究。结果 97例修复体的制作过程中,发现有1例在切削加工时从包埋蜡中脱落,1例上前牙4单位桥在完成烧结后有小幅度翘动,1例上前牙3单位桥体在切削过程中破裂,上述3例修复体通过返工重做解决问题。所有制作的氧化锆支架,通过饰面瓷的堆塑可使修复体获得较好的美观效果。两种修复方式在边缘适合性、固位和破损率上均无统计学差异(P>0.05),而CAD/CAM氧化锆基底冠的颜色良好率要优于贵金属基底冠(P<0.05)。结论高强度氧化锆全瓷修复体的制作效果能符合临床要求,可以考虑用于全瓷修复。     

CAD/CAM一体化氧化锆桩核的临床评价

目的:观察CAD/CAM一体化氧化锆桩核在修复前牙残冠、残根中的临床效果。方法:本研究对45颗残冠、残根使用自凝塑料在口中制作桩核模型,应用CAD/CAM技术切削出一体化氧化锆桩核,运用一体化氧化锆桩和全瓷冠修复所有残冠、残根,经3年的临床跟踪,观察其临床效果。结果:观察期间失访2例患者,因此只对剩余43件修复体进行复查,其中中切牙28例,侧切牙7例,尖牙8例。2例患牙在第6个月时出现牙龈炎。1例右上中切牙氧化锆桩核修复体在第12个月后出现I-II°松动,1例右上侧切牙桩核修复体在第18个月后松动脱落。24个月和30个月时分别有1例患牙出现根折。所有复诊患者在36个月的临床观察中均未见桩核折断、边缘着色和继发性根尖周炎,并且所有修复体均获得满意美观效果。结论:CAD/CAM一体化氧化锆桩具有良好的美学效果和生物相容性,近期临床效果满意。     

Planning implant positions for an auricular prosthesis with digital data

The esthetic result of an auricular prosthesis is influenced by the position of the prosthesis incorporating the implants. The entire surface of the patient's head is captured by means of a conventional computed tomography (CT). The digital data are used to mirror the contralateral unimpaired ear for restoration of the impaired side. The virtual ear is integrated into a template covering the auricular defect and indexed to the nasal area with computer-aided technology (CAD/CAM). This virtual template is converted into an acrylic resin template. With that the surgeon and the anaplastologist should determine the optimal implant position of the auricular prosthesis.     

数字化口腔修复（5）--全瓷OD高嵌体（附病例报告）

目的：观察计算机辅助设计与制造（computer aided design and manufacture,CAD／CAM）二矽酸锂牙合面－远中（occlusul－distal,OD）高嵌体修复磨牙残冠的临床疗效。方法：临床病例为经过完善根管治疗后大面积缺损的磨牙残冠,采用CAD／CAM二矽酸锂OD高嵌体修复,按照改良的美国公共卫生署（United States Public Health Service, USPHS）标准进行1年的临床疗效评价。结果：患牙OD高嵌体无脱落,折断、劈裂等现象。临床指标均达到A级标准。结论：CAD／CAM二矽酸锂OD高嵌体修复后牙牙体大面积缺损具有良好的临床效果。     

����CAD/CAM���ֻ��޸�

??Posterior tooth defect with vital pulp is very common in endodontics. Materials and methods have been constantly updated based on the concept of pulp protection?? restoration of function as well as minimally invasion. In recent years?? CAD/CAM chairside repair technology and various ceramic inlay appear and are quickly used in restoration of dental defects?? with their precise and convenient processing technology?? minimally invasive tooth preparation as well as reliable and stable bonding restoration. This article will elaborate the problems related to the application of CAD / CAM ceramic inlay in vital pulp tooth restoration.     

CAD/CAM树脂高嵌体固定垫在咬合重建中的应用

目的:探讨重度磨耗患者应用CAD/CAM树脂高嵌体垫代替传统活动垫作为过渡性修复体在咬合重建中的临床效果。方法:对24例重度磨耗伴牙列缺损的老年患者,分别采用CAD/CAM树脂高嵌体固定垫和活动垫进行咬合重建治疗(CAD/CAM树脂高嵌体垫14例,活动垫10例),对两组患者治疗前后半年颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMJD)临床症状的变化以及两组患者自我感受(稳定性、舒适度、发音、咀嚼效率等)指标进行评估和分析。结果:咬合重建半年后,两组患者TMJD的临床症状均有明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与活动垫相比较CAD/CAM树脂高嵌体固定垫患者主观感受更好,在义齿稳定性、舒适度、发音及咀嚼效率等方面满意度更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CAD/CAM树脂高嵌体固定垫可作为过渡性修复体取代传统活动垫进行咬合重建,使咬合重建的治疗效果明显改善。     

计算机辅助设计与制作氧化锆桩核在前牙修复中的应用

目的评价计算机辅助设计与制作(computer-aided design and manufacturing,CAD/CAM)氧化锆桩核在前牙残根、残冠修复中的应用效果。方法收集前牙大面积缺损患者68例共75颗患牙,CAD/CAM氧化锆桩核和全瓷冠修复,随访6～24个月,从修复体的稳定性、美观效果及牙周健康状况3个方面进行评价。结果 75颗全瓷冠修复体,2颗桩核与根部之间出现松动,牙冠与桩核之间不松动;1颗出现冠松动,桩核与根部无松动。X线片未见根尖周病变,也未出现根折、桩折。修复体与邻牙及对侧、对颌同名天然牙的电脑比色数值(Shade值)差值为0的占41颗,差值为1～2的占34颗,差值为3及以上的为0颗。修复体外形美观,无边缘着色,牙龈形态与颜色正常。6～24个月累计成功率为96%(72/75)。结论 CAD/CAM氧化锆桩核应用于前牙修复近期效果满意。