玻璃体切割联合晶状体摘出和IOL植入术治疗晶状体后脱位

目的：探讨玻璃体切割联合晶状体超声粉碎和Ⅰ期人工晶状体睫状沟固定术治疗晶状体后脱位的临床效果。 方法:对晶状体后脱位11例11眼作回顾性研究, 均采用闭合式三切口玻璃体切割联合晶状体超声粉碎和人工晶状体睫状沟固定术。 结果:所有患者均成功摘出脱位晶状体, 且视力均有提高。合并继发青光眼者, 眼压得到控制。术后并发症有角膜水肿3例, 虹膜炎症反应2例。 结论:晶状体后脱位导致视力障碍、继发性青光眼、伴有玻璃体积血时, 采用玻璃体切割联合晶状体超声粉碎和人工晶状体睫状沟固定术治疗效果良好。手术成功的关键在于选择适应证及掌握娴熟的操作技巧。     

玻璃体手术后无晶状体眼的二期人工晶状体植入术

目的评价因复杂眼外伤或视网膜脱离行玻璃体手术和晶状体切除术后,二期手术植入人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)的视力效果、手术技术及其安全性 。方法对在1996年11月至1999年12月之间在我院进行该手术的32例(32只眼,每例均为单眼)行回顾性分析。二期手术中应用经睫状体平部的眼内灌注,并根据晶状体囊膜完整性选择不同类型的IOL。结果本组包括复杂眼外伤30例(眼后节异物伤15例,穿通伤伴外伤性眼内炎及玻璃体积血各6例,钝挫伤伴晶状体脱位3例);原发性视网膜脱离2例。均接受过玻璃体切割、晶状体切割,或眼内异物取出、角膜缝合等。2次手术的间隔为1～16个月,平均(6.8±3.7)个月。在25例晶状体囊环完整或存留2/3以上的眼植入后房型IOL于睫状沟内;5例作了IOL的透巩膜缝线固定术;植入前房型或带虹膜IOL各1例。5例同期放出硅油。手术后29例视力提高。主要并发症为角膜水肿及低眼压。结论在玻璃体手术后的二期手术中,应用眼内灌注和适当的IOL植入,可使经选择的无晶状体眼安全获得较好的视力恢复。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:96-98)     

外伤性晶状体脱位手术方法的探讨

目的探讨不同手术方法治疗外伤性晶状体脱位的效果。方法对外伤性晶状体脱位，根据其晶状体脱位的部位和程度的不同，采用不同的手术方法摘出脱位的晶状体，植入后房型人工晶状体。包括：角膜缘切口摘出脱位于前房的晶状体；巩膜隧道切口超声乳化；平坦部切口晶状体切除，合并进行玻璃体切除；联合人工晶状体囊袋内植入或睫状沟缝线固定等。结果22例（22眼）术后矫正视力低于0．05者3眼（13．64％），0．05—0．25者9眼（40．915），0．3—1．0者10眼（45．45％）；有19眼（86．36％）视力有不同程度的提高。未见严重并发症。结论外伤性晶状体脱位的手术方法根据脱位晶状体位置及有无并发症而定。选择不同手术的适应证及掌握熟练的操作技巧是手术成功的关键。     

Pars plana lensectomy with double-capsule-supported intraocular lens implantation in children

An alternative technique to manage pediatric cataracts comprises a pars plana lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy with anterior and posterior capsulotomies and posterior chamber heparin-surface-modified intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the ciliary sulcus through a scleral tunnel. The surgical results in 7 eyes of 6 consecutive patients between 3.5 and 12.0 years old with developmental or traumatic cataract who had surgery using this technique were evaluated prospectively. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 19 months. All 7 eyes maintained a clear pupillary axis and a well-centered IOL from immediately after surgery to the last follow-up. Final best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 71% of cases.     

玻璃体晶状体切除联合人工晶状体睫状沟固定术治疗眼挫伤所致晶状体脱位

目的探讨玻璃体晶状体切除联合人工晶状体睫状沟固定术治疗眼挫伤所致晶状体脱位临床效果。方法对眼挫伤致晶状体脱位32例(32眼)作回顾性研究,均采用闭合式三切口玻璃体晶状体切除联合人工晶状体睫状沟固定术,伴视网膜脱离者,同时行视网膜复位手术。结果所有患者均成功摘出脱位晶状体,患眼视力均有提高。合并继发青光眼者,眼压得到控制;合并视网膜脱离者,术后视网膜复位。术后并发症有角膜水肿6例,虹膜炎症反应2例。结论眼挫伤所致晶状体脱位导致视力障碍、继发性青光眼、伴有视网膜脱离、玻璃体积血时,采用玻璃体晶状体切除联合人工晶状体睫状沟固定术治疗效果良好。手术成功的关键在于选择适应证及掌握娴熟的操作技巧。     

Pars plana vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of black diaphragm intraocular lens for the management of traumatic aniridia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Partial or complete aniridia occurring after severe ocular trauma is a difficult therapeutic problem. Diaphragm intraocular lenses were developed for the correction of aniridia, but the safety and efficacy of implanting such lenses are not well established in traumatic cases because of very few reports, and the small number of cases studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six patients, 4 men and 2 women with a mean age of 44 years, were treated for traumatic aniridia using pars plana vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of a black diaphragm intraocular lens. Total aniridia was observed in 3 eyes and partial aniridia in 3 eyes. Four eyes were aphakic and severe lens subluxation was seen in 2 eyes. Vitreous hemorrhage coexisted in 2 patients and bacterial endophthalmitis was present in 1 patient. Follow-up time ranged between 4 and 39 months (mean, 23 months). RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 5 patients and 1 remained unchanged. Good visual acuity (20/20 - 20/40) was achieved in all cases and all lenses were well-centered. No severe complications were noted. Three of 6 patients required glaucoma topical medications pre- and postoperatively achieving good intraocular pressure control. CONCLUSION: The management of traumatic aniridia using pars plana vitrectomy and implantation of scleral fixation black diaphragm intraocular lenses seem to be safe. Very good functional results and lack of severe complications are encouraging. Additional cases with a longer follow-up study are necessary to support our opinion.     

晶状体玻璃体切割术后透明角膜切口的二期人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨晶状体玻璃体切割术后经颞侧透明角膜隧道切口的二期折叠式人工晶状体植入术的手术方法和疗效.方法 通过颞侧透明角膜隧道切口对晶状体玻璃体切割术后6～12个月的29例（29眼）二期植入折叠式人工晶状体,用聚丙烯缝线将人工晶状体襻固定于睫状沟中.术后随访6～18个月,观察术后视力、人工晶状体位置及术中术后并发症.结果 术后3个月裸眼视力＞0.5者16眼,0.3～0.5者12眼,0.2～0.3者1眼.术后视力与术前最佳校正视力相比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.手术并发症主要为眼内出血（1眼）、人工晶状体倾斜（2眼）.结论 经颞侧透明角膜隧道切口及睫状沟缝合固定襻的折叠式人工晶状体植入术,手术效果可靠,并发症少,是晶状体玻璃体切割术后无晶状体眼屈光矫正的理想手术方式.     

Long-term results after epilenticular intraocular lens implantation following traumatic cataract

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the late postoperative outcome and complication rate after lensectomy with primary epilenticular intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for traumatic cataract. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 11 patients who were operated on for traumatic cataract after penetrating or blunt ocular trauma between 1997 and 2002. One patient developed cataract due to a large rupture of the posterior capsule after blunt trauma. Ten patients sustained a penetrating ocular injury with (7 eyes) or without (3 eyes) intraocular foreign body (IOFB). In all patients the IOL was implanted at the beginning of the operation into the ciliary sulcus in front of the opaque lens followed by pars-plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 27.4 months. Eight eyes (72.7 %) achieved a final visual acuity of 0.5 or better. Major causes of limited visual acuity were central corneal scars causing irregular astigmatism. In all patients the IOL was safely and easily implanted into the ciliary sulcus. During the subsequent pars-plana lensectomy and vitrectomy as well as during the follow-up period all IOLs remained anatomically stable and well centered. In one patient PVR retinal detachment had to be treated by pars-plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. CONCLUSIONS: Epilenticular IOL implantation followed by pars-plana lensectomy is an easy and safe method to treat traumatic cataract in the setting of penetrating ocular trauma repair. It is associated with a favorable visual outcome and a low rate of postoperative complications.     

Secondary intraocular lens implantation in children

PURPOSE: We describe a technique for secondary intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus in patients with congenital cataract or with primary aphakia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary intraocular lens implantation was performed in 119 eyes of 74 children. The average age at this procedure was 6.8 (range 22 months to 10 years), whereas the average age at primary cataract surgery was 18 weeks (range 7 weeks to 19 months). The average follow-up was 5.7 years. All eyes received a PMMA IOL. The sites of IOL fixation was ciliary sulcus. All patients had cataract extraction (lensectomy) via the pars plana, leaving in situ peripheral collarette of capsular bag to enable secondary lens implantation. RESULTS: Complications included IOL dislocation in five eyes, visual axis opacification in four, pupillary capture in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary IOL implantation in the ciliary sulcus is a safe and effective method to correct aphakia in pediatric patients with adequate capsular support. This surgical procedure is associated with a low rate of complications.     

经反向巩膜瓣IOL睫状沟缝合固定术的疗效分析

目的：探讨经反向巩膜瓣IOL睫状沟缝合固定术的临床应用。

方法：回顾性分析就诊于我院眼科需行Ⅱ期IOL植入的14例14眼无晶状体眼患者临床资料。采用经反向巩膜瓣睫状沟缝合固定术行IOL植入。术中制作以穹窿部为基底的插袋式巩膜瓣。观察患者手术前后的视力、术后眼压、眼前节反应和IOL稳定性。

结果：术后随访时间3.5～6mo。术前最佳矫正视力(LogMAR视力表)为0.50±0.54,术后1mo裸眼视力0.46±0.39,两者无差异(P>0.05)。术后1mo最佳矫正视力0.36±0.35,较术前最佳矫正视力有所提高。1例1眼患者术后IOL倾斜,经调整后IOL位正。3例3眼患者在术后早期眼压升高,给予降眼压药物对症处理后眼压正常,术后1mo随访眼压在正常范围内(16.4±2.6mmHg)。1例1眼患者术后玻璃体腔出血,1例1眼患者术后眼内炎症反应重,治疗后均恢复。术后无黄斑囊样水肿、脉络膜脱离、视网膜脱离等严重并发症。

结论：经反向巩膜瓣IOL睫状沟缝合固定术是一种简便、安全、有效的术式。     

人工晶状体异位的原因和处理

目的:分析人工晶状体位置异常的临床情况。方法:人工晶状体异位23眼包括人工晶状体玻璃体腔脱位、瞳孔夹持、"刮雨器(雨刷)"综合征等,原因为术中后囊膜破裂、后发性白内障、人工晶状体襻变形、外伤等,应用旋转复位法、后囊膜夹持固定法、玻璃体切除或加睫状沟缝线法等。结果:术后视力明显提高19眼,症状明显减轻至消失,人工晶状体位置固定。结论:提高人工晶状体植入手术技术是减少术后人工晶状体异位的主要措施,根据人工晶状体异位的不同情况应用各种复位技术可得到良好效果。     

超声乳化术后囊破裂时人工晶状体植入的方法

目的探讨晶状体超声乳化吸出术中后囊破裂的处理及人工晶状体植入的方法。方法表面麻醉下晶状体超声乳化术中发生后囊破裂,术中及时发现破孔,充分利用黏弹剂,并联合前段玻璃体切除术。3 0例(30眼)全部植入后房人工晶状体。结果人工晶状体的两个襻植入囊袋内者10眼,一襻植入囊袋内另一襻在睫状沟内或两个襻都在睫状沟内共16眼,人工晶状体两个襻缝线固定于巩膜瓣下4眼。术后4周随访,视力>0.5者20眼,占66.67%;0.3~0.5者6眼,占20.00%;0.05~0.2者共4眼,占13.33%。结论晶状体超声乳化术中如果发生后囊破裂,只要及时发现,妥善处理,仍可以安全地植入后房人工晶状体,术后视力恢复较好。     

人工晶状体脱入玻璃体腔的手术处理方法

目的探讨人工晶状体完全脱位坠人玻璃体腔,手术过程中人工晶状体的捞取和固定的不同处理方法。方法回顾性分析8例（8只眼）人工晶状体完全脱人玻璃体腔者采用人工晶状体取出置换,原人工晶状体缝合固定,玻璃体腔内捞取人工晶状体不用重水等方法,观察手术疗效及并发症。结果人工晶状体脱位原因有晶状体悬韧带断裂,囊袋及人工晶状体脱位1例,囊膜不完整人工晶状体脱落6例,前房人工晶状体外伤后脱位1例。2例脱位人工晶状体摘出,置换缝合固定型人工晶状体;6例脱位的人工晶状体睫状沟缝合固定,脱位人工晶状体不摘出,减少摘出时扩大切口的创伤。结论脱位人玻璃体腔内的人工晶状体如植入不适当可取出置换,大部分脱位的人工晶状体可不摘出,行睫状沟缝合固定,能明显提高视力,减少并发症。     

后极性白内障超声乳化吸除及折叠型人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的：探讨小切口超声乳化治疗后极性白内障的手术技术以及术中、术后并发症的处理方法。方法：46例患者(61只眼)，年龄38-78岁，平均57岁。在表麻下行颈侧透明角膜隧道切口的超声乳化，并对后囊下混浊斑块行剥离吸除、环形撕后囊或剪除混浊的后囊及折叠型人工晶状体植入术。结果：51只眼后囊膜完整，其中6只眼有后囊膜混浊；在10只后囊膜破裂眼中，4只眼有玻璃体脱出需行前段玻璃体切割术，并有1只眼晶状体皮质软壳沉入玻璃体腔引起葡萄膜炎及继发性青光眼需再次行后段玻璃体切割。58只眼人工晶状体囊袋内固定，3只眼睫状沟固定。结论：对后极性白内障行超声乳化手术时，谨慎处理后囊下混浊斑块，可以减少术中、术后的并发症，明显提高患者的术后视力。眼科学报2003；19：92-94     

眼外伤晶状体玻璃体切除术后二期IOL植入术

目的 探讨复杂性眼外伤玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼二期人工晶状体植入术临床疗效，评估手术的可行性及安全性。方法 手术31例(31眼)，术后随访3～20月，观察视力、散光度、眼压及并发症：结果 30眼术后裸眼视力均达到或接近术前矫正视力：后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入7眼中视力≥0．5者占28．57％，后房型人工晶状体透巩膜睫状沟缝线固定术18眼中视力≥0.5者占22．22％，虹膜型人工晶状体植入术6眼中视力≥0．5者占33．33％：1眼视力下降。结论 复杂性眼外伤行玻璃体切除术后二期人工晶状体植入，经过术前病例的选择，术中采用眼内灌注，适宜的人工晶状体植入，可获得较好的视力。     

外伤眼晶状体玻璃体切除术后人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入的临床观察

目的探讨外伤眼晶状体玻璃体切除术后人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入的术式选择及临床效果。方法回顾2002年6月～2008年6月我院收治的Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术62例（62眼）,根据病情不同分别行保留前后囊者的后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入术;部分残留晶状体囊可支撑后房型人工晶状体一侧襻者,行另一襻睫状沟单线缝合;无晶状体囊者行双线睫状沟缝合固定人工晶状体术。结果患眼术后视力均有不同程度提高。视力均达0．05或以上。0．05．0．1者6眼,0．2～0．3者37眼,0．4～0．6者11眼,〉0．6者8眼。术后随诊观察1—3月。结论Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入对无晶状体眼视力恢复起重要作用。根据晶状体囊情况采用不同术式行人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入。     

Visual results and postoperative complications of capsular bag and ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses in children with traumatic cataracts

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual results and postoperative complications of capsular bag and ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) for traumatic cataracts in children. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. METHODS: Twenty children (20 eyes) with traumatic cataracts had extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber IOL implantation. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. Capsular bag fixation was performed in 10 children (Group A) and ciliary sulcus fixation in the other 10 (Group B). Traumatic cataracts associated with large corneal lacerations (10.0 mm or more), hyphema, angle recession, or posterior segment involvement were excluded. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as well as early and delayed postoperative complications were prospectively evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The BCVA was 6/12 or better in 9 eyes (90%) in Group A and 8 eyes (80%) in Group B at the end of the mean follow-up (24.6 months +/- 10.6 [SD]). Amblyopia (1 eye in Group A) and corneal scar and commotio retinae (1 eye each in Group B) accounted for a visual acuity of worse than 6/12. The residual refractive error did not exceed 3.50 diopters in either group. The incidences of fibrinous anterior uveitis and pupillary capture were significantly higher in Group B (P < .05, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: Capsular bag fixation of posterior chamber IOLs provided visual results similar to those with ciliary sulcus fixation but was associated with fewer postoperative complications, particularly uveitis and pupillary capture. This represents another important reason to attempt in-the-bag fixation in cases of traumatic cataract.     

25G PPV联合IOL睫状沟缝合固定置换术治疗IOL囊袋复合体脱位于玻璃体腔

目的：评估25G玻璃体切割(PPV)联合人工晶状体(IOL)睫状沟缝合固定置换术治疗IOL囊袋复合体脱位于玻璃体腔的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析我院2015-01/2020-01应用25G玻璃体切割联合IOL睫状沟缝合固定置换术治疗IOL囊袋复合体完全脱位于玻璃体腔的患者21例21眼的临床资料。

结果：所有患者术中均顺利取出脱位的IOL复合体,未出现医源性视网膜损伤,术中发现视网膜裂孔4眼,视网膜格子样变性2眼,分别予以视网膜激光光凝。随访6～18mo,BCVA(LogMAR)由术前的0.40±0.30提高到术后的0.33±0.25(P=0.040)。所有病例末次随访BCVA均达到术前BCVA。术后等效球镜度与术前IOL屈光度预测值相差的绝对值≤0.75D。末次随访时所有患者IOL位置良好,未发生视网膜脱离等并发症。

结论：25G玻璃体切割联合IOL睫状沟缝合固定置换手术是治疗IOL囊袋复合体脱位安全有效的方法。     

外伤性晶状体脱位的手术治疗

目的 评价晶状体、玻璃体联合手术治疗外伤性晶状体脱位的临床疗效。方法 对2000年1月～2005年1月收治的外伤性晶状体脱位30例患者的临床资料作回顾性研究。所有患眼根据晶状体脱位的程度采用不同的术式摘除晶状体，包括囊内摘除、超声乳化吸除、睫状体扁平部切口晶状体切割，同时根据病情需要联合玻璃体视网膜手术，小梁切除或青光眼减压阀门植入术治疗继发性青光眼，Ⅰ期植入睫状沟缝线固定人工晶体3例，后房型人工晶体21例，Ⅱ期植入睫状沟缝线固定人工晶体6例。结果 所有患眼成功地摘除脱位晶状体并植入人工晶体，视力有不同程度提高，24患眼视力≥0．3，患者术后眼压获得控制，6例视网膜脱离全部复位。结论 晶状体、玻璃体联合手术治疗外伤性晶状体脱位，临床效果好。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合手术治疗外伤性晶状体半脱位继发青光眼

目的:回顾性评价Ahmed青光眼阀植入、晶状体玻璃体切除联合手术治疗外伤性晶状体半脱位继发青光眼的临床疗效。方法:对9眼外伤性晶状体半脱位继发青光眼患者行Ahmed青光眼阀植入、晶状体及前部玻璃体切除、人工晶状体睫状沟固定联合手术。结果:术后视力提高8眼;眼压由术前的44.11±8.85mmHg降至14.78±5.52mmHg;并发症主要有一过性低眼压、引流管内口阻塞和引流盘周纤维包裹等,经过处理均得到良好的恢复。结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入、晶状体及前部玻璃体切除联合人工晶状体睫状沟固定手术是治疗外伤性晶状体半脱位继发青光眼安全有效的手术方法。