男性慢性肾功能不全病人的性功能障碍研究

目的 :研究四川省男性慢性肾功能不全病人性功能障碍的发病情况、表现形式和相关因素。　方法 :多中心合作、临床横断面调查 ,利用性功能电脑测评与诊断系统 (SCASF) ,对四川省 12 4例慢性肾功能不全病人和 12 5例慢性肾脏病肾功能正常病人 (对照组 )的性功能状态进行综合评价 ,同时测定其血常规、肾功能、性激素、性激素结合球蛋白等指标。　结果 :①慢性肾功能不全病人性功能障碍主要表现为性欲减退、勃起功能障碍 (ED)、早泄。②慢性肾功能不全病人性欲减退、ED、早泄、性操作焦虑、性合作缺乏的发生率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。③血液透析和腹膜透析病人各种形式的性功能障碍的发生率和障碍的严重程度没有差异 ;透析组 (血液透析和腹膜透析 )、未替代治疗组、肾移植组比较 ,未替代治疗组性欲减退和性操作焦虑的发生率高于透析组与肾移植组 ;未替代治疗组和透析组ED的发生率高于肾移植组。④多因素分析表明 ,性功能障碍的发生与病人的病程、肌酐清除率、甲状旁腺激素、血浆白蛋白无关。贫血、抑郁和应用 β受体阻滞剂是性欲减退的危险因素。年龄增加是ED的危险因素。应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂和应用人基因重组促红细胞生成素 (r HuEpo)可减少ED的发生。　结论 :男性慢性     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者性功能障碍机制的研究进展

性功能障碍在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中发病率很高,但目前在治疗效果上除了男性勃起功能障碍外均不够理想.为了取得更好的治疗效果,首先要明确性功能变化的发生机制、本文就近年来对慢性肾功能衰竭患者性功能变化的机制研究的进展作一综述.     

瘦素与慢性肾功能衰竭营养不良研究进展

营养不良是影响慢性肾功能衰竭病人生活质量和增加病死率的重要因素。Leptin是新近发现的具有调节食物摄入和能量代谢的激素样蛋白。研究表明慢性肾衰病人血Leptin水平明显升高 ,提示Leptin可能对慢性肾功能衰竭营养不良的发生起重要作用。     

瘦素与慢性肾功能衰竭营养不良研究进展

营养不良影响慢性肾功能衰竭病人生活质量和增加病死率的重要因素。Leptin是新近发现的具有调节食物摄入和能量代谢的激素样蛋白。研究表明慢性肾衰病人血Leptin水平明显升高，提示Leptin可能对慢性肾功能衰竭营养不良的发生起重要作用。     

肾衰宁联合药用炭治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的136例疗效观察

目的:通过中药肾衰宁胶囊与药用发胶囊联合口服用于慢性肾功能衰竭病人的治疗,探讨该方案对慢性肾功能衰竭的疗效.方法:慢性肾功能衰竭病人136例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予饮食治疗,对症支持,治疗原发病等,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加服肾衰宁胶囊和药用炭胶囊.结果:治疗组对慢性肾功能衰竭疗效总有效率73.5%,血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸等均明显降低,较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:肾衰宁具有益气健脾、活血化癖、通腑泄浊的功效,药用炭胶囊直接吸附毒素,两者联合应用具有良好的协同作用,改善症状,明显降低血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸等,并且相互抵消两药的不良反应,值得推广应用.     

合并慢性肾功能衰竭乳腺癌病人的综合治疗(附6例报告)

目的:总结合并慢性肾功能衰竭乳腺癌病人的多学科合作和个体化治疗为主的经验。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年12月间本中心6例合并慢性肾功能衰竭乳腺癌病人诊治的临床资料。结果 :6例均行根治手术,其中4例行乳腺癌改良根治术,2例行乳腺癌保乳加腋窝淋巴结清扫术。1例长春瑞滨加表柔比星新辅助化疗,1例阿那曲唑新辅助内分泌治疗。随访至2014年2月,2例因慢性肾功能衰竭死亡,余4例均未出现复发转移。结论:慢性肾功能衰竭不是乳腺癌手术及全身治疗的禁忌证。通过多学科诊疗选择个体化的手术、化疗、放疗和内分泌治疗方案、严密监测肾功能,慢性肾功能衰竭病人仍可完成乳腺癌标准治疗,同样具有治愈可能。     

肝移植病人术后急性肾功能衰竭18例临床分析

目的:探讨影响肝移植术后发生急性肾功能衰竭的原因及处理方法。方法:回顾性分析我院91例肝移植病人中发生与未发生术后急性肾功能衰竭病人的临床资料,采用单因素分析和Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果:肾衰组病人1年生存率低于对照组;与术后发生早期急性肾功能衰竭的有关因素包括术前血清肌酐、总胆红素、总手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术中输液总量、术中尿量。术前血清肌酐高和术中尿量是术后早期急性肾功能衰竭发生的独立影响因素。移植术后发生急性肾功能衰竭的病人ICU留置时间延长,术后住院时间延长,住院费用升高。结论:肝移植术后有较高的急性肾功能衰竭发生率,对术后少尿、血清肌酐水平升高的病人及早实施肾脏替代等治疗能有效降低其发病率和死亡率。     

慢性肾功能衰竭的发病机理和对策

慢性肾功能衰竭的发病机理和对策蒋季杰，范亚平慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）是多种原发或继发肾脏病变持续进展的共同后果，通常系一进行性不可逆的临床综合征，目前缺乏有效的治疗方法，积极探讨ＣＲＦ发病机理并设法延缓其发展是临床急待解决的重要课题。ＣＲＦ的发病机理...     

慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者合并感染的临床分析

目的 探讨慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者感染的临床特点和相关因素.方法 回顾分析60例慢性肾功能衰竭透析患者的感染部位、病原菌种类、免疫功能、营养状况、肾功能、原发病因等与感染的相关性.结果 感染组30例患者共发生感染42例次,以肺部感染和静脉导管感染最常见.行各类标本细菌培养40例次,培养阳性24例,病原学检查以革兰阴性...     

慢性肾功能衰竭病人血透前后体液免疫功能的改变

慢性肾功能衰竭病人血透前后体液免疫功能的改变江西省中医学院附属中医院赵雪君，王刚本文通过３４例次血透病人透析前后免疫球旦白、补体Ｃ３、Ｃｒ、ＢＵＮ的观察，探讨慢性肾功能衰竭病人的体液免疫功能状态及血透前后体液免疫功能的改变，并对其意义加以分析。材料和...     

Effect of renal transplantation on sexual function

This investigation was conducted to determine whether renal transplantation can improve sexual function in male patients with chronic renal failure. The authors retrospectively studied 121 men undergoing renal transplantation who complained of any type or degree of sexual dysfunction pre-operatively. Sexual function was evaluated by questionnaire which included erectile, ejaculative, and orgasmic functions. Pre- and postoperative frequency of sexual intercourse was also recorded. Patient characteristics, laboratory data, and endocrinologic profiles were analyzed to identify factors that might influence sexual function. In patients with hormonal determinations, results essentially normalized after transplantation. However, only 43 patients (35.5%) reported improvement of overall sexual function after renal transplantation, while 34 (28.1%) reported worsening. Although frequency of sexual intercourse was unaffected by transplantation, 15 of 20 patients who had no intercourse before transplantation initiated intercourse afterward. These 15 patients all underwent transplantation before 40 years of age. Comparisons of variables by sexual function showed significant differences for type of immunosuppressive treatment, interval after renal transplantation, and serum concentration of hemoglobin A1c. It is concluded that renal transplantation cannot improve sexual function in all patients, although hormonal profiles were largely normalized, and that renal transplantation should be encouraged at a younger age.     

Sexual dysfunction in uremia.

In summary, sexual dysfunction is a common finding in both men and women with chronic renal failure. Common disturbances include erectile dysfunction in men, menstrual abnormalities in women, and decreased libido and fertility in both sexes. These abnormalities are primarily organic in nature and are related to uremia as well as the other comorbid conditions that frequently accompany the chronic renal failure patient. Fatigue and psychosocial factors related to the presence of a chronic disease are also contributory factors. Disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis can be detected before the need for dialysis but continue to worsen once dialytic therapy is initiated. Impaired gonadal function is prominent in uremic men, whereas the disturbances in the hypothalamicpituitary axis are more subtle. By contrast, central disturbances are more prominent in uremic women. Therapy is initially directed toward optimizing the delivery of dialysis, correcting anemia with recombinant erythropoietin, and controlling the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D. For many practicing nephrologists, sildenafil has become the first-line therapy in the treatment of impotence. In the hypogonadal man whose only complaint is decreased libido, testosterone may be of benefit. Regular gynecologic follow-up is required in uremic women to guard against potential complications of unopposed estrogen effect. Uremic women should be advised against pregnancy while on dialysis. Successful transplantation is the most effective means of restoring normal sexual function in both men and women with chronic renal failure.     

Sexual and reproductive function in end-stage renal disease and effect of kidney transplantation

Advanced chronic kidney disease is associated with impaired spermatogenesis and testicular damage. Semen analysis typically shows a decreased volume of ejaculate, oligo-or complete azoospermia, and a low percentage of motile sperm. Erectile dysfunction （ED） is also common in patients with chronic renal failure （CRF） and is observed in excess of 50% of these patients. There have been ongoing improvements in survival and quality of life after renal transplantation. One of the most impressive aspects of successful renal transplantation in the young people is the ability of the male patient to father a child. In this article we first review pathophysiology of reproductive failure in end-stage renal disease （ESRD）, then ED in ESRD and its management are discussed, finally sexual function in renal transplant patients and management of ED in these patients are reviewed.     

Effects of Renal Transplantation on Female Sexual Dysfunction: Comparative Study With Hemodialysis and a Control Group

Objectives

Sexual dysfunction occurs commonly in individuals with end-stage renal disease. Chronic renal failure as well as the treatments used for it generally has a negative impact on sexual function with a subsequent increase in the risk of depression. There is scarcity of published data on female sexual dysfunction and the degree of improvement in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and transplant (Tx) recipients. The aim of this study was to compare the sexual function and degree of depression in HD and Tx patients with control group. For this purpose, we used the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Ultrastructural changes of corpora cavernosa in men with erectile dysfunction and chronic renal failure

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common and often distressing side effect of renal failure. Uremic men of different ages report a high variety of sexual problems, including sexual hormonal pattern alterations, reduced or loss of libido, infertility, and impotence, thereby influencing their well-being. The pathogenic mechanisms include physiologic, psychologic, and organic causes. To determine the contribution of morphologic factors to impotence we studied the ultrastructure of the corpora cavernosa in 20 patients with end-stage renal disease who were treated with chronic dialysis and compared the findings with 6 individuals with no clinical history of impotence. Our results indicated that in male uremic patients with sexual disturbances there were major changes in smooth muscle cells. This was characterized by reduction of dense bodies in the cytoplasm, thick basement membranes, and increased interstitial collagen fibers with resultant reduction of cell-to-cell contact. In addition, there was thickening and lamination of basement membranes of endothelial cells and increased accumulation of collagen between nerve fibers. These alterations were more evident in patients with longer time on dialysis and were independent of type of primary renal disease. We hypothesize that ED in dialysis patients is not related to the primary disease but to the uremic state.     

Clinical impact of chronic renal insufficiency on endovascular aneurysm repair

Endovascular aneurysm repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms has become a viable alternative to open repair. A significant proportion of this patient population has chronic renal insufficiency. The surgical outcomes associated with endovascular repair in 342 patients, with and without chronic renal insufficiency, are reported. Perioperative mortality, length of admission, length of intensive care unit admission, and rates of acute renal failure, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, conversion to open surgery, progression to hemodialysis, and incidence of endoleaks were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Endovascular repair demonstrated higher rates of acute renal failure, longer length of stay, and longer intensive care unit admissions in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Patients with severe renal dysfunction demonstrated markedly elevated mortality and morbidity. These results indicate that chronic renal insufficiency is not an absolute contraindication to endovascular repair in patients with moderate renal dysfunction, but patients with severe renal dysfunction perform poorly after aortic reconstruction.     

Sex and the heart

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent and increasingly common, mainly vascular disorder. Most patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases experience decreased libido and frequency of sexual activity, as well as ED. Some unique organic and psychological factors contributing to ED have been identified in patients with underlying cardiovascular problems. Certain risk factors are common to the development of coronary artery disease, heart failure and ED, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia. Additionally, the use of medications such as beta blockers, digoxin and thiazide diuretics might eventually cause but more likely worsen sexual dysfunction. These unintended consequences can lead to medical noncompliance in misguided efforts to retain satisfactory sexual activity, and thereby worsen cardiovascular problems. Accordingly, it is important for physicians dealing with patients with cardiovascular diseases to address sexual concerns in their patients. After careful evaluation, most patients with stable cardiac disorders can resume sexual activity and/or can be treated for ED.     

The prevalence and clinical relevance of sexual dysfunction in women and men with chronic heart failure

Sexual dysfunction is a common problem of increasing incidence that is associated with multiple co-morbid conditions and chronic diseases. In heart failure, however, exact numbers are unknown, in part secondary to under-reporting and under-interrogating by health care providers. A gender-specific questionnaire was modified from established sexual dysfunction questionnaires to correspond to a non-randomized outpatient heart failure population, to assess the prevalence and demographic distribution of sexual dysfunction and potential treatments expectations. One-hundred patients in a stable hemodynamic condition in New York Heart Association classes I-III participated. Eighty-seven percent of women were diagnosed with female sexual dysfunction compared to 84% of men with erectile dysfunction. Eighty percent of women reported reduced lubrication, which resulted in frequent unsuccessful intercourse in 76%. Thirty-six percent of patients thought that sexual activity could harm their current cardiac condition; 75% of females and 60% of men stated that no physicians ever asked about potential sexual problems. Fifty-two percent of men considered sexual activity in their current condition as an essential aspect of quality of life and 61% were interested in treatment to improve sexual function. Sexual dysfunction appears to be high in prevalence in both men and women with chronic compensated heart failure and represents a reduction in quality of life for most. Despite the fact that most patients are interested in receiving therapy to improve sexual dysfunction, treatment options are rarely discussed or initiated.