标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊致过敏反应

1例52岁女性患者,因贲门息肉入院。因左肺下叶炎性病变,给予盐酸氨溴索注射液30 mg滴斗入,注射用头孢美唑钠2 g静滴。治疗7 d后,患者仍痰多且黏稠不易咳出,给予标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊300 mg,服药后1 h患者出现胸闷、气短、恶心,胸腹部、腰背部及双侧大腿间出现片状皮疹伴瘙痒等急性过敏反应的症状,立即给予持续低流量吸氧,盐酸异丙嗪注射液25 mg肌注,氯雷他定分散片10 mg口服,30 min后症状缓解。停用标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊后未再出现类似反应。     

桃金娘油肠溶胶囊联合氨溴索治疗喘息型慢性支气管炎130例临床观察

目的 探讨桃金娘油肠溶胶囊（吉诺通）联合氨溴索治疗喘息型慢性支气管炎的疗效.方法 将130例喘息型慢性支气管炎随机分为两组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用吉诺通联合氨溴索治疗,对比观察疗效.结果 治疗组在改善临床症状、消除肺部啰音,缩短住院时间等方面均优于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.其中,平均住院日,治疗组为（8.50±2.11）d,对照组为（12.52±2.05）d;总有效率,治疗组为92%,对照组为65%.结论 吉诺通联合氨溴索与常规治疗合用有协同作用,是治疗喘息型慢性支气管炎有效辅助药物.     

复凝聚法制备槲皮素微囊的工艺

目的:优选以明胶和阿拉伯胶为囊材制备槲皮素微囊的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用复凝聚法,以槲皮素为囊芯物,用明胶和阿拉伯胶作囊材,取pH、囊材浓度及搅拌速度3个为考察因素,用正交试验探讨制备槲皮素微囊的最佳条件。结果:当pH为4.0,囊材为3%,搅拌速度为150 r.min-1时为最佳工艺条件。结论:本法工艺简便、稳定,具有应用前景。     

标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊治疗慢性支气管炎感染加重期的疗效观察

目的　探讨标准桃金娘油 (Mgrtol Standardized)肠溶胶囊治疗慢性支气管炎感染加重期的疗效。方法　98例患者被随机分为两组 :A组 (实验组 )、B组 (对照组 )。分别口服标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊及氨溴索片 ,观察相关指标并进行比较。结论　A组在疗效上明显优于B组 ,P<0.05 ,标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊是值得推荐的治疗呼吸道炎症的良效药物。     

滴注法制备黄连解毒汤肠溶微囊

黄连解毒汤由黄连、黄柏、黄羊、振子4味中药组成．由于口味极苦，难于矫正，且对胃粘膜有刺激，因而服用时易引起恶心和呕吐，进而影响药效．为了克服这个缺点，参照文献【习，将其改制成肠溶微囊，有效地解决了上述问题，现报道如下．l材料与方法1！实验材料药品：海澡酸钠、氯化钙、构概酸钠、盐酸，均符合药典规定．黄连、黄柏、黄各、褥子（药材公司购人）．器材：50Inl注射器，12号外头．1．2制备方法按处分计取上述药材，参照文献［'l要求，加sed倍量的蒸馏水，常规制成汤剂后，浓缩至约1：l，备用．拘模酸钠制成0．Zmow溶液，备用…     

喷雾干燥法制备红霉素肠溶缓释微囊

目的：采用喷雾干燥法制备红霉素肠溶缓释微囊,并考察其释放特性。方法：以红毒素为囊心物,Eudragit S100为包衣材料,蓖麻油为增塑剂,乙醇为溶剂,将囊心物与囊材按1：2,1：3和1：4的比例喷雾干燥制备微囊。结果：经电镜扫描和X－射线衍射测定表明,囊心物：囊材按1：4比例制备的微囊外形圆整,包囊安全;体外释放度测定显示,微囊能稳定地在人工肠液中缓慢释放,药物1h释放量不超过30％,12h释放量不低于90％,与市售红霉素肠溶片相比,有明显缓释作用。结论：喷雾干燥法制备微囊,工艺稳定,可持续操作,可连续操作,制备的红霉素微囊有很好的肠溶行为缓释特征。     

沙棘油微囊的溶出度及稳定性

采用复凝聚法制备沙棘油微囊，用HPLC法测定微囊中维生素E的含量。结果表明，制品中沙棘油含量为30％，在0．1mol／L盐酸中维生素E约40min释放完全。在光照（45001x）、高温（40、60、800C，相对湿度均为75％）、高湿（相对湿度75％、90％）条件放置10d，碘价、过氧化值、酸价及皂化值基本不变，表明制品较稳定。     

标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊治疗慢性支气管炎感染加重期的疗效观察

目的　探讨标准桃金娘油 (MgrtolStandardized)肠溶胶囊治疗慢性支气管炎感染加重期的疗效。方法　 98例患者被随机分为两组 :A组 (实验组 )、B组 (对照组 )。分别口服标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊及氨溴索片 ,观察相关指标并进行比较。结论　A组在疗效上明显优于B组 ,P <0 0 5 ,标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊是值得推荐的治疗呼吸道炎症的良效药物     

喷雾干燥法制备阿司匹林肠溶微囊的实验研究

目的：采用喷雾干燥法制备阿司匹林肠溶微囊,建立质量评价方法。方法：采用丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ号为包衣材料,篦麻油为增塑剂,乙醇为溶剂,阿司匹林为囊心物,将囊材与囊心物按１：２和１：４的比例喷雾干燥制成微囊。结果：经扫描电镜和差示量热扫描法测定表明,微囊包裹形成。囊心物：囊材按１：４较好,微囊能迅速在人工肠液中释放,４５ｍｉｎ释药达到７５％,肠溶片４５ｍｉｎ释药低于６０％。结论：喷雾干燥法制备肠溶微囊,方法简     

标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊治疗儿童急性支气管炎的临床观察

目的观察标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊用于儿童急性支气管炎的临床疗效。方法将167例急性支气管炎患儿随机分为观察组89例和对照组78例。观察组给予标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊口服,对照组给予盐酸氨溴索片口服。比较2组临床疗效、平均病程及不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为93.3%高于对照组的89.7%,平均病程为(11.24±2.15)d短于对照组的(13.41±2.51)d,胃肠道反应发生率为3.8%低于对照组的16.9%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01)。2组均未出现肝、肾功能异常。结论标准桃金娘油肠溶胶囊治疗儿童急性支气管炎疗效显著,不良反应少。     

Microencapsulation of esterified krill oil,using complex coacervation

The microencapsulation of the esterified krill oil (EKO), obtained from the transesterification of krill oil (KO) with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPA), via complex coacervation and was investigated. The experimental findings showed that the DHPA and phenolic lipids (PLs) in the EKO affected the stability of the gelatine (GE)-EKO emulsion. To improve its stability, the effects of varying the pH of GE and the use of two emulsification devices, including the homogeniser and ultrasonic liquid processor were investigated, where the ultrasonic liquid processor was found to be a relatively more appropriate emulsification device. In addition, the capsules prepared using a pH of GE of 8.0 showed superior storage and had significantly (p?<0.05) lower peroxide value as compared to those prepared with a pH of GE of 6.5. The microencapsulation of the EKO was effective in delaying the development of oxidation products during a period of 25?d of storage, at 25?°C.     

Microencapsulation of thyme oil by coacervation

The objective of this work is to develop a novel coacervation process to produce microcapsules of polylactide (PLA) to encapsulate thyme oil that will be used in cosmetics. The novelty of this approach consists of dissolving PLA in dimethylformamide (DMF) which is a good solvent for PLA but in addition has high solubility in water. Upon contact with water, the homogeneous solution of PLA in DMF promotes the precipitation of PLA around the thyme oil core. The produced microcapsules have bimodal particle size distributions in volume with a mean particle size of 40 µm. Microcapsules analysis by microscopy have confirmed the spherical shape, the rough surface and allowed the estimation of the wall thickness around 5 µm. Quantification of the encapsulated thyme oil was performed by gas chromatography and allowed to evaluate the quality of the encapsulated oil and pointed out for a preferential encapsulation of thyme oil apolar compounds.     

单、复凝聚法制备酮康唑微囊的性状和包封率比较

目的:比较单、复凝聚法制备微囊的外观性状和包封率,为进一步研究微囊的制备工艺打下基础。方法:以酮康唑作为囊芯物,用明胶和阿拉伯胶作囊材,采用常规的单、复凝聚法分别制备酮康唑微囊,并在光学显微镜下比较其外观性状;采用单波长紫外分光光度法建立微囊中酮康唑含量测定方法,在此基础上计算其药物包封率。结果:2种方法所得的微囊均为白色粉末,采用单凝聚法得到的微囊平均粒径为32.20μm, 相对包封率为56.11%;复凝聚法制备的微囊则分别为7.99μm和83.42%。结论:采用相分离-凝聚法制备微囊时,复凝聚法所得结果较好。     

Preparation of microcapsules with narrow-size distribution by complex coacervation: Effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate concentration and agitation rate

In this paper, microcapsules with narrow-size distribution, in which the core materials are a kind of suspension containing pigment scarlet powders dispersed in dyed tetrachloroethylene with Span-80 as an emulsifier, are prepared by complex coacervation through controlling sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) concentration and agitation rate. The microcapsules, formed in optimized process of 0.01 wt% SDS and 800 rpm, are ～40 μm in diameter. The phase diagram for the gelatin/SDS/water system indicates that the concentration of SDS in the experiments is outside of the complex formation zone to form a gelatin–SDS complex. Consequently, SDS preferential adsorbs and enriches on the surface of the core droplets due to its higher surface activity. Then, gelatin deposits with SDS at the core droplet/water interface to form a primary layer of complexation. Subsequently, with the pH lower than the isoelectric point of gelatin, complex coacervate of gelatin and gum arabic grows on the primary layer surface and finally deposits on the droplets to form a secondary layer. On the whole, the research indicates that the existence of SDS not only decreases the droplet diameters and centralizes the droplets size distribution, but also accelerates coacervation of gelatin and gum arabic to reach the core droplet/water interface, forming no aggregating microcapsules.     

Effect of processing parameters on the formation of spherical multinuclear microcapsules encapsulating peppermint oil by coacervation

The gelatin/gum arabic multinuclear microcapsules encapsulating peppermint oil were prepared by coacervation. The effect of various processing parameters, including the core/wall ratio, wall material concentration, pH value, as well as stirring speed on the morphology, particle size distribution, yield and loading was investigated. When the wall material concentration or the core/wall ratio increased, the morphology of multinuclear microcapsules changed from spherical to irregular and the average particle size increased, the optimal wall material concentration and the core/wall ratio were 1% and 2:1, respectively. The multinuclear spherical microcapsules with desired mean particle size can be manufactured by modulating the pH value and stirring speed. The ideal preparation conditions were pH 3.7 at 400?rpm of stirring speed. The yield of multinuclear microcapsules encapsulating peppermint oil by coacervation was ～90% and the processing parameters had very slight influence on the yield. When transglutaminase was used as the cross-linker instead of formaldehyde, morphology, mean particle size, yield and loading remained the same as that hardening with formaldehyde, but the particle size distribution became narrower.     

The influence of HLB on the encapsulation of oils by complex coacervation

Abstract

Microcapsules are used for the formulation of drug controlled release and drug targeting dosage forms. Encapsulated hydrophobic drugs are often applied as their solutions in plant oils. The uptake of the oils in the complex coacervate microcapsules can be improved by the addition of surfactants. In this study, soybean, olive and peanut oils were chosen as the representatives of plant oils. The well characterized complex coacervation of gelatin and acacia has been used to produce the microcapsules. The amount of encapsulated oil has been determined gravimetrically. The encapsulation of the oils was high (75–80%). When the surfactants with HLB values from 1.8 to 6.7 were used, the amount of encapsulated oil was high (65–85%). A significant decrease of the oil content in the microcapsules was found when Tween 61 with HLB = 9.6 had been added into the mixture. No oil was found inside the microcapsules from the coacervate emulsion mixture containing Tween 81 (HLB = 10) and Tween 80 (HLB = 15), respectively. The results of the experiment confirm the dependence of hydrophobic substance encapsulation on the HLB published recently for Squalan     

Microencapsulation of eugenol by gelatin-sodium alginate complex coacervation

Present study describes microencapsulation of eugenol using gelatin-sodium alginate complex coacervation. The effects of core to coat ratio and drying method on properties of the eugenol microcapsules were investigated. The eugenol microcapsules were evaluated for surface characteristics, micromeritic properties, oil loading and encapsulation efficiency. Eugenol microcapsules possessed good flow properties, thus improved handling. The scanning electron photomicrographs showed globular surface of microcapsules prepared with core: coat ratio1:1.The treatment with dehydrating agent isopropanol lead to shrinking of microcapsule wall with cracks on it. The percent oil loading and encapsulation efficiency increased with increase in core: coat ratio whereas treatment with dehydrating agent resulted in reduction in loading and percent encapsulation efficiency of eugenol microcapsules.     

Influence of pH adjustment on microcapsules obtained from complex coacervation of gelatin and acacia

Abstract

The coacervation behaviour of commercial grade gelatin and acacia mixtures was studied with five different acids to adjust the coacervation pH, i.e. HCI, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, acetic acid, and citric acid. The electrical equivalence pH value (EEP) of the polymer mixture was determined by means of a streaming current detector (SCD). With all acids-except H₂SO₄-maximum coacervate yield was observed at the EEP. Using H₂SO₄ the EEP was found at a lower pH value than compared with the point of maximum coacervate yield. The quantity of coacervate at the EEP was significantly reduced in the presence of H₂SO₄ whereas with all other acids, almost no differences were found. The dependence of the coacervate volume on the added amount of acid did not change in parallel to the dry coacervate yield and there was no coincidence of the maximum coacervate volume and the EEP. The barrier properties of the capsule shells of corresponding microcapsules using indomethacin as a model drug were examined by dissolution studies. Indomethacin microcapsules showed the slowest release rate when the coacervation pH was adjusted to the EEP and not to the pH of maximum coacervate yield. As expected from the coacervation behaviour, dissolution profiles of the microcapsules were quite similar even when different acids were used for pH adjustment.     

鱼油微囊胶囊剂的研制

本文采用复凝聚法以阿拉伯胶和明胶为包裹材料，将鱼油微囊化后，再装入硬胶囊中，并对其含量测定方法、包封率、稳定性和释放度等进行了实验研究。包封率达８５％以上，微囊Ｔ１／２为７２０ｄ，微囊释放度８ｈ为８９．８８％；本法提高了鱼油的稳定性。     

Effect of the cross-linking agent and drying method on encapsulation efficiency of orange essential oil by complex coacervation using whey protein isolate with different polysaccharides

Orange essential oil was microencapsulated by complex coacervation with whey protein isolate (WPI): carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), WPI:sodium alginate (SA) and WPI:chitosan (CH). Effect of pH, protein:polysaccharide ratio and solid concentration on coacervation efficiency were selected for the best coacervation conditions. Tannic acid (TA), sodium tripolyphosphate, oxidised tannic acid and transglutaminase enzyme (TG) were used as cross-linking agents. Highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) for wet coacervated microcapsules ranged from 88% to 94%. Microcapsules were freeze and spray dried to evaluate their effect on its integrity. EE was higher than 80% in freeze dried coacervated microcapsules with and without cross-linking agent, but they formed a solid cake. Spray-dried samples formed a free fluid solid (10–20?µm), where the systems WPI:CMC and WPI:CH cross-linked with TA and TG, respectively showed the highest EE (47% and 50% respectively), representing 400% improvement compared to the samples without cross-linking.