配药室与注射室医疗废物分类收集方法

目的规范配药室、门诊注射室静脉穿剌操作台区医疗废物分类收集,使配药室、注射室整洁,符合医疗机构医疗废物管理办法要求,有效地防止医务人员职业危害及废弃物对环境的污染。方法根据医院医疗废物定义及医疗废物分类目录界定配药、注射室医疗废物类别,设计废物分类收集车和多功能注射台分类收集医疗废物。结果配药、注射室整洁,废物分类收集,符合医疗废物管理办法要求。结论清晰配药、静脉穿剌时产生治疗废物种类,设计符合医疗废物分类目录要求的废物分类收集车和多功能注射台,对配药、注射室规范管理十分重要。     

浅谈医院归档文件的收集整理

医院档案是医院的历史财富，搞好文件材料收集是确保档案材料齐全完整的前提和基础。但从当前医院文件材料收集归档的实际情况来看，档案资料存在短缺、不齐全的现象十分突出。有的各种医疗科技成果文件材料长期散失在个人手中，得不到及时的收集整理归档；有的记载医院各个时期工作情况，发展史料，以及职工先进事迹等等资料、素材没有详尽的归档等等。收集好文件，保证文件材料的齐全、完整，是文书处理人员和档案人员的重要职责。本人从事文书处理工作多年，就此谈谈本人的粗浅看法。     

公共卫生档案的收集

档案收集工作是档案室取得和积累档案资源的一种手段。虽然文件收集是档案工作中的一项基础工作 ,但在实际工作中真正要做到收集齐全、完整往往很难 ,针对这个问题 ,结合本单位实际 ,可以从以下几方面入手。1　超前控制 ,确保文件材料的齐全、完整　档案室收集各种门类、载体的档案材料是为了全面、真实地反映本单位的历史面貌和工作基本情况。室藏档案是否丰富 ,直接取决于档案材料的收集是否齐全、完整 ,同时也体现了档案部门的管理水平和工作的质量。开展档案工作不单是档案室的事情 ,而是单位与各科所及个人参与和配合分不开的。超前控…     

天津市城市粪便处理模式的比选

介绍了天津市粪便收集处理模式的发展状况,通过对3种粪便收集处理模式比较,选择了适宜天津市城市发展特性的粪便收集处理模式:市中心城区以及下水管网较完善的区域以化粪池+污水处理+粪便处理为主;对新建的高档小区、高层居住区应以真空收集+粪便处理+农用为主。     

唐山市居民1992～2001年传染病发病状况

目的　调查 1 992～ 2 0 0 1年某市居民传染病发病状况及变化趋势。方法　回顾性调查 1 0年间该市各县区二级以上综合医院传染病科和专科医院的门诊及住院患者 (均为首次就诊者 )病历资料 ,并进行统计。结果　 1 0年来该市居民支原体肺炎、结核病等疾病发病率呈上升趋势 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;病毒性肝炎、细菌性痢疾、肾综合征出血热、乙型脑炎等疾病发病率呈下降趋势 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;麻疹、伤寒与副伤寒等发病率则成波动性变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　 1 0年来该市居民传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势 ,但传染病对人类健康的威胁远未消除     

食物中毒判断依据的收集

食物中毒的调查处理是食品卫生工作中的一项基本任务 ,由于食物中毒是随机性事件 ,食物中毒依据的收集都是在事件发生之后 ,因此 ,给实际工作带来一定困难。拟对食物中毒诊断依据的收集谈一些看法。1　调查病人的发病情况　食物中毒是因进食一定数量有毒食品 ,而表现为以急性感染或中毒为主的临床特征的疾病 ,对已就诊的病人 ,我们可去医疗卫生机构了解或复印就诊病史 ,如果是集体中毒 ,可看该有关单位提供食物中毒病人的名单 ,在可能的情况下 ,要求对每个中毒病人作个案调查。2　现场勘察　为防止事出有因 ,查无实据 ,在接到报告后应即时到…     

违反<中华人民共和国食品卫生法>行政处罚问题探讨

福建省目前有食品卫生监督员527名,1999年共监督食品生产经营单位138 329户,违反<食品卫生法>的各类行政处罚共有28 311户次,其中警告、责令改进的16 803户次;罚款、没收违法所得6 588户次,共214.4万元;吊销卫生许可证,取缔、责令停止生产经营2 519户次;责令销毁、收回已售出的不符合食品卫生标准的食品2 334户次,共102 321 kg,见图1.现根据我省各地违反<食品卫生法>行政处罚案例的分析,将较常见的问题提出与大家共同探讨.     

佛山市南海区186例围产儿尸检的临床病理研究

目的 了解佛山市南海区围产儿死亡原因及临床误诊的影响因素，对临床和围产期保健提供参考意见。方法 对佛山市南海区1993年3月～2003年5月间的186例围产儿尸检资料进行分析。结果 病理解剖结果显示感染63例(33．9％)，先天性畸形63例(33．9％)，颅内损伤2例(1．1％)，缺氧20例(10．7％)，早产4例(2．1％)，肺功能异常14例(7．5％)，母体因素8例(4．3％)。感染，畸形是本地区围产儿死亡的主要原因，本组尸检围产儿临床误诊率为21．0％(21例)。结论 作好围产期孕妇保健是预防胎儿感染和畸形最积极的措施，作者并分析了临床误诊的原因。     

主动收集信息提高医院管理水平

信访工作是联系群众的好形式,是医院的管理者获得信息的重要渠道。搞好信访工作、主动收集信息,有助于改进服务态度、改善服务环境、提高服务质量。一、医院信访工作的意义1.信访工作能使我们及时了解群众对卫生服务的需求。1992年9月底,西藏高原的一位守卫边疆的武警指挥员因紧急任务不能回     

旋毛虫幼虫收集方法的探讨

介绍了用８０９８单片机为控制核心的智能化伏安特性测量系统的开发要点，包括硬件模入电路与单片机系统的设计、单片机的软件编程与程序设计技巧等，成果分析表明，采用８０９８单片机有着独特的优越性。     

KLF6在肿瘤中的研究进展

随着科学技术的不断发展,人们对肿瘤的认识不断加深。KLF6是一种在哺乳动物组织中普遍表达的核转录调控因子,参与生长发育、细胞分化、生长信号的转导、细胞增殖、凋亡和血管形成等过程。研究表明,KLF6作为肿瘤抑制基因,在肿瘤的发生发展中起重要作用。文章从KLF6的结构功能、在肿瘤发生发展中的作用、肿瘤中的失活机制及KLF6在恶性肿瘤等方面进行综述。     

Changes in the anterior segment of the eye in workers in the coke manufacturing industry

An investigation carried out of eye disorders in workers employed in the manufacture of coke demonstrated a high percentage of changes in the anterior segment of the eye. Registered symptoms such as conjunctival hyperemia, pinguecula, pigmentation and conjunctivitis were most probably connected with specific work and exposure to coal dust and irritants. In workers exposed for less than two years there were no changes in lacrimal secretion. In those working for 2-7 years excessive hypersecretion dominated, and after a longer period of exposure the majority of workers had hyposecretion.     

Mortality in the workers in the tire industry]

The article is concerned with a study of the mortality rates among the workers engaged at a tire-producing plant, for the 1950-1979 period. In comparison with the control population group, the contributors revealed increased mortality rates caused by cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, accidents, intoxications and traumas. Analysis of the labour conditions proved the influence of the unfavourable occupational factors on the mortality rates and mortality causes, excepting the indices of mortality caused by accidents, intoxications and traumas.     

Atebrin in the treatment of malaria in the Sudan

Cases of benign and malignant tertian malaria have been treated with different amounts of atebrin cum plasmoquine.No recurrence was noted up to three months in cases of benign tertian treated with 0·3 gramme atebrin and 0·03 gramme plasmoquine for five days but the probable relapse rate in malignant tertian treated in this way was practically 15 per cent.Cases of malignant tertian malaria treated with 0·2 gramme atebrin cum 0·02 gramme plasmoquine for 8 days did not relapse in a period up to three months, and toxic symptoms were very slight. It is suggested that the difference in the results of treatment is due either to the co-operation or failure of body resistance in assisting the drug.     

Mercury in the environment and in the bodies of animals in the central chernozem region]

The data on the mercury levels in the organs of wild ungulates and agricultural animals and in the environmental objects of the central black earth region are presented. The biogeochemical parameters of organisms were calculated. Species- and organ-specific indicators of toxic elements were proposed.     

丹东市建设项目职业病危害评价的问题与对策

建设项目职业病危害评价是预防、控制、消除职业病危害，保障劳动者健康的根本措施。加强宣传、提高领导重视、部门协调和职业卫生技术服务机构的能力建设是保障建设项目职业病危害评价工作顺利开展的基本条件。     

Occupational health in the USA in the 21st century

Comparable to the confusion encountered in the birth of the machine age is the perplexing reconfiguration of the United States' health care system. Paralleling the advances in medicine have been the divesting mergers and downsizing of industry, coupled with globalization, which have released millions of long-time workers. The labour contingent is changing, with the addition of great numbers of women and immigrant workers, and the manufacturing economy has become one of service and information. Serving the occupational health (OH) needs of such a force have been the professional societies of physicians, nurses, and industrial hygienists, with their members providing care in a broad variety of facilities. It is possible that a national organization, including all these disciplines, would have a greater voice in the protection of workers' health. Immediate leadership of an occupational health service (OHS) can be rotated among the disciplines, so that competition for primacy among the professionals would end. The new workforce demands culture sensitivity among OH personnel and polylingual capabilities may be demanded in the future. Management skills will be required of all in OH, and greater participation of employees in OH policy will characterize the decades ahead. Nearly neglected up to now, occupational mental health programming will be required to meet the real needs of workers, and to counter the move to outsource OH services, where little patient contact results. Behavioural safety, total quality management, and application of the rapidly developing technologies in health care will define the 21st century efforts in OH. Remaining issues, such as violence, telecommuting injuries, the inclusion of alternative medicine, and women's health, among others, will see carry-over for resolution into the year 2000.     

Alkanes in seawater in the vicinity of the buccaneer oilfield

Conclusions Concentrations of alkanes in 76 water samples collected within 30 km of the Buccaneer oilfield between June, 1976, and March, 1977, were found to be as high as 43 ppb. It appears that petroleum alkanes discharged from the production platforms float at the air/sea interface and are dispersed. Further studies are required to determine their rates of dispersion and to investigate whether oxidation, metabolism, and other processes have a significant role in the removal of petroleum from the region of this oilfield. It seems likely that discharge from the production platforms of hydrocarbon-producing bacteria, or a nutrient which supports such bacteria, is responsible for the presence of bacterial hydrocarbons in bottom water samples down-current of the oilfield.BARBIERet al. (1973) found alkane concentrations of 2–28 ppb in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. A concentration maximum at C₂₇ to C₃₀ indicated that these compounds derived from phytoplankton (BLUMER 1970). Levels of alkanes ranging from 0 to 75 ppb were found by ILIFFE and CALDER (1974) in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Most of these were C₁₅ to C₂₀ alkanes of petroleum origin, but others in the range C₂₁ to C₃₆ were observed. BROWN and HUFFMAN (1976) have reported that the mean concentration of alkanes at several locations in the Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian Oceans, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Persian Gulf is 4 ppb. It was concluded that most of the compounds were petroleum-derived.Our data, by comparison with other reports in the literature, indicate that oil production in the Buccaneer field does not afford significant levels of alkanes in the surrounding seawater.     

Orlistat in the prevention of diabetes in the obese patient

There has been an increase in the concern about preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease with great and increasing prevalence. The prevalence of obesity, physical inactivity, Western processed diet, important risk factors for the development of T2DM, are also rising. Free fatty acids are increased in obesity and reduce insulin clearance and increase hepatic glucose production. Implementation of a healthy lifestyle has been show to slow the progression of impaired glucose tolerance to T2DM. Orlistat is an inhibitor of lipase activity, with proved efficacy in body weight reduction and long-term management of obesity and more favorable effects on carbohydrate metabolism and it was prospectively shown in XENDOS study that orlistat promoted long-term weight loss and prevented T2DM onset in obese individuals with normal and impaired glucose tolerance at baseline over four years. This benefit could be associated to the weight loss itself, to the limited absorption of lipids and reduction of plasma free fatty acids, to increased production of incretins or to modulation of secretion of cytokines by adipocytes, all effects secondary to orlistat treatment. A proposed strategy is to identify subjects at highest risk to receive a drug intervention, using lifestyle interventions alone at the community level.     

Changes in the practice of nursing in the 30s

This report belongs to the research line "The professional practice and identity building of the Brazilian Nurse", developed by a group registered at the CNPq and Research Center of History of Brazilian Nursing (Nuphebras) of the School of Nursing Anna Nery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The objectives of this study are: correlate the institutional changes of Nursing in the Brazilian society of that time to the accentuated political and economical transition of the country; analyze the effects of those institutional changes in the nurse's labor market and in the characteristics of nursing practice; discuss the new articulation forms of nursing with other social practices inside the area of health. National public health nursing, in order to accompany the enlargement of the bureaucratic State, expanded and modified. At the same time, in a context of a protectionist policy to the worker, an incentive policy to the opening of new, public and private hospitals, was developed, although Nursing services of those institutions were not organized according to the patterns that characterized the modern Nursing. Thus, the practice of Nursing in the 30's is characterized as the beginning of the transition of a model of urban public health to a model of hospital assistance.