Reutilization of 125I-UdR during growth of a solid mammary carcinoma: implications for the 125I-UdR loss technique

Reutilization of thymidine (TdR) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (I-UdR) released by dying tumour cells was assayed in the syngeneic adenocarcinoma EO 771 by injecting heat killed, labelled tumour cells into tumours. 3H and 125I liberation from labelled breakdown products was measured in tumours of various sizes without or with separation of tumours into viable and necrotic portions. Internal reutilization of 3H-TdR was considerably greater than that of 125I-UdR. 125I-UdR released by dying tumour cells was reutilized at about 10%. There was no significant increase in 125I-UdR reutilization during tumour growth. It is concluded that measurements of radioactivity loss by the 125I-UdR technique can result in underestimating the real cell loss depending on the amount of internal reutilization by the tumours investigated. Compared with 3H-TdR 125I-UdR is the tracer of choice for long term studies of cell loss.     

GammaH2AX foci induced by gamma rays and 125idU decay

PURPOSE: GammaH2AX foci formation was investigated after gamma irradiation and after accumulating 125IdU decays to study the DNA double strand break (dsb) damage repair response in human breast cancer cells, MCF-7. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to detect yH2AX foci formed in response to DNA dsbs induced by 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 Gy gamma irradiation and 125IdU decays accumulated at -90 degrees C in human breast cancer cells, MCF-7. 125IdU treated cells were labeled with 4 different concentrations of 125IdU and then accumulated decays for 6, 19 or 35 days. gammaH2AX foci formation time for all experiments was 1 hour at 37 degrees C. Visual confirmation of gammaH2AX foci was achieved by digital imaging (histogram analysis or profile analysis) and by standardizing the scored number of foci. The average numbers of gammaH2AX foci formed per cell after gamma irradiation or accumulated (125)IdU decays were determined by counting red voxels or counting gammaH2AX foci in propidium iodide (PI) counterstained nuclei by eye in optically sectioned cells. RESULTS: Control, unirradiated MCF-7 cells had an average of 1.7 gammaH2AX foci per cell and an average of 32 yH2AX foci were scored for cells irradiated with 1 Gy gamma rays. The data for doses up to approximately 1 Gy was a good linear fit (r2 =0.97) indicating that the assay is sensitive to low doses of gamma rays. The average number of gammaH2AX foci scored in control cells that were frozen and thawed but not irradiated (=2.3) was not statistically significantly different from controls that were not frozen and thawed. The average number of yH2AX foci was linearly related (r2 = 0.98) to low numbers (< 200 decays/cell) of 125IdU decays indicating that the assay is also sensitive to low numbers of accumulated 125IdU decays. At 125I decays greater than 200 decays/cell, the average number of yH2AX foci plateaued. Regression analysis of the data for 0-140 125IdU decays per cell was used to calculate the rate of yH2AX foci formation (=0.26 foci per 125I decay). CONCLUSIONS: The gammaH2AX foci formation assay is sensitive to low doses of gamma rays and accumulated 125I decays. When 125IdU decays were accumulated at -90 degrees C (to overcome confounding DNA damage repair processes that occur during simultaneous 125IdU incorporation and decay accumulation at 37 degrees C), 0.26 gammaH2AX foci were formed per 125IdU decay. Methods used to incorporate 125I decay may modulate the number of gammaH2AX foci scored in cells.     

Egr-IFNγ基因治疗联合125I-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷治疗抑瘤效应的实验研究

目的 探讨Egr-IFNγ基因治疗联合放射性核素 ¹²⁵I -脱氧尿嘧啶核苷治疗方案在荷H22肝癌细胞小鼠体内抑瘤效应及机制。方法 小鼠肿瘤局部注射脂质体包裹的质粒,注射后48 h,肿瘤局部注射370kBq ¹²⁵I -UdR。观察各组小鼠治疗后不同时间肿瘤生长率;治疗后第3 天,检测肿瘤胞浆蛋白中IFNγ的表达和脾脏CTL细胞毒活性。结果 基因-放射核素治疗后第6～15天,pcDNAEgr-IFNγ+ ¹²⁵I -UdR组肿瘤生长率明显低于对照组、 ¹²⁵I -UdR组及pcDNAEgr-1+ ¹²⁵I -UdR 组;基因-放射性核素治疗后第3天,pcDNAEgr-IFNγ+ ¹²⁵I -UdR组肿瘤胞浆蛋白中可检测到IFNγ的表达,其余组肿瘤胞浆蛋白中未检测到IFNγ的表达;pcDNAEgr-IFNγ+ ¹²⁵I -UdR组小鼠脾脏CTL细胞毒活性明显高于其余组 (P<0.01)。结论 pcDNAEgr-IFNγ基因治疗联合放射性核素 ¹²⁵I -UdR治疗抑瘤效应明显优于单纯 ¹²⁵I -UdR放射性核素治疗。     

125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人前列腺癌细胞的抑制作用

目的探讨^125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人前列腺癌细胞株（PC3）增殖抑制以及对细胞周期的影响。方法^125I粒子（初始剂量率2.77cGy/h）和^60Coγ射线（吸收剂量率2.215Gy/min）对体外培养的PC3细胞进行0、0.5、1、1.5、2、4、6和8Gy照射,用细胞计数、锥虫蓝染色和集落形成法检测细胞增殖、细胞活力和细胞存活率的情况;用单击多靶模型拟合剂量存活曲线;用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果随着照射剂量的增加,^125I粒子照射组的细胞生长比^60Coγ射线组更加明显地受到抑制（P〈0.05）。^125I粒子照射PC3细胞D0值为2.243,Dq为0.87,N为1.618,SF2为0.5。^60Co照射组PC3细胞放射生物学参数D0值为2.824,Dq为1.08,N为1.587,SF2为0.7。^60Co和125I粒子的RBE比值为1.4。与空白对照组相比,^125I粒子组和^60Co组4Gy照射细胞24h后均出现G2期阻滞。结论^125I粒子照射能抑制人前列腺癌细胞的增殖并能使PC3细胞阻滞于G2期。     

125I-UdR壳聚糖纳米微粒对肝癌细胞的内照射生物学效应

目的 评估¹²⁵I-UdR壳聚糖载药纳米微粒(¹²⁵I-UdR-CS-DLN)对肝癌细胞的内照射生物学效应.方法 采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察¹²⁵I-UdR-CS-DLN在肝癌细胞HepG2和人正常肝组织细胞HL-7702内的聚积和分布;通过MTT实验、流式细胞仪和单细胞凝胶电泳技术,评价内照射细胞生物学效应;采用TUNEL染色法观察兔肝原位肿瘤细胞经¹²⁵I-UdR-CS-DLN靶向治疗后的细胞凋亡.结果 纳米微粒作用30 min后,其在HepG2细胞质内的聚积大于HL-7702;当¹²⁵I-UdR-CS-DLN浓度大于37 kBq/ml时,HepG2细胞在纳米微粒作用后24、48 h的存活率显著低于HL-7702细胞(t=-4.46~6.31,P<0.05),且细胞周期G₁期阻滞明显, G₂/M期细胞明显受损;¹²⁵I-UdR-CS-DLN造成细胞DNA双链断裂的程度明显高于¹²⁵I-UdR,HepG2细胞的DNA损伤后修复能力显著低于HL-7702(Olive尾矩:t=2.94,P<0.05;彗尾DNA%:t=10.64,P<0.01);兔肝原位癌模型经介入被动靶向治疗后的TUNEL染色结果表明,¹²⁵I-UdR-CS-DLN可使兔肝原位肿瘤细胞产生明显的凋亡,而相同剂量¹²⁵I-UdR作用后肿瘤并未出现明显的凋亡.结论 ¹²⁵I-UdR-CS-DLN进入肝癌细胞的能力明显强于¹²⁵I-UdR,引起的DNA辐射损伤效应更强,可明显加剧肝癌细胞的凋亡,阻止DNA损伤修复.     

慧星电泳用于肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性检测的研究

目的：探讨彗星电泳方法检测肿瘤细胞对γ射线的辐射敏感性的可行性。方法：以自行设计的图像分析系统，用彗星电泳方法检测4种人肿瘤细胞受γ射线照射后细胞初始DNA损伤，以及细胞径30min修复时DNA损伤残余率；用细胞集落存活法检测2Gy γ射线照射后细胞存活率。结果：4种肿瘤细胞初始DNA损伤与辐射敏感性无关，2Gyγ射线照射后4种细胞存活率（SF2）与细胞经30min修复后的DNA损伤残余率相关明显（r=-0.87)，结论：本实验方法有可能成为一种快速、准确检测肿瘤细胞内在辐射敏感性的方法。     

Combined fractionated external beam radiotherapy and low-dose-rate iodine-125 seeds in an experimental tumor system.

BACKGROUND: To quantify the effect of implanted low-dose-rate iodine seeds combined with fractionated external beam radiation on local control rates in an experimental tumor system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were done on the rhabdomyosarcoma R1H of the rat transplanted s.c. into the back of male WAG/Raj albino rats. Tumors were irradiated with 200 kVp X-rays with 2 Gy/fraction 5 times weekly. The total dose of the external beam irradiation varied between 60 and 98 Gy for external beam radiotherapy alone and 10 Gy to 82 Gy for combined external beam radiotherapy and iodine seeds. One to 4 iodine seeds with a median activity of 21.05 MBq were permanently implanted 3 days before the start of external radiotherapy or 6 and 7 iodine seeds alone were used. The median tumor volume at the start of treatment was 0.12 cm3. Local tumor control rates were determined and TCD37% values were calculated applying the maximum likelihood method. RESULTS: With increasing number of implanted iodine seeds the TCD37% (of external beam irradiation) decreased. With external beam radiotherapy alone the TCD37% amounted to 103.2 Gy (95% CI, 101.3 to 105.1 Gy) decreasing to (externally applied doses) 69.7 Gy (63.7 to 74.7 Gy) after 1 implanted iodine seed and further to 31.6 Gy (25.6 to 37.6 Gy) after 4 implanted iodine seeds. The effective dose (equivalent to external dose) per iodine seed decreased with increasing number of implanted iodine seeds. One iodine seed gave an effective dose of 33.5 Gy (28.5 to 39.5 Gy) decreasing to 17.9 Gy (16.4 to 19.4 Gy) after 4 iodine seeds. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment of tumors with implanted low-dose-rate iodine seeds and external beam irradiation can decrease the total dose of the external beam irradiation and, hence, offer the possibility of considerable dose sparing of normal tissues without compromising local tumor control rates.     

肿瘤细胞对p(35)Be快中子的辐射敏感性研究

目的 比较肿瘤细胞p(35)Be块中子及γ射线的辐射敏感性,为肿瘤的快中子治疗提供理论依据。方法 用细胞集落在存活方法研究人黑色素瘤细胞（WM9839）、人口 皮癌细胞（KB）、人结肠腺癌细胞（LS－T－117）和人前列腺癌细胞（PC3M）等4种细胞对快中子及γ射线的辐射敏感性,用彗星电泳技术研究WM9839细胞在快中子及γ射线照射后DNA损伤的修复效应。结果 细胞存活实验表明,p(35)Be快中子照射后4种肿瘤细胞的D0值（或SF2值）较γ射线照射后差异减小,即4种肿瘤细胞对快中子的辐射敏感性差异减小;快中子2Gy照射后,WM9839细胞DNA损伤修复曲线整体上下降较γ射线2Gy照射后慢,到180min时,DNA损伤残留率明显高于γ射线2Gy照射。结论 快中子治疗肿瘤可以很好地弥补低LET射线放射治疗的不足,特别是对低LET射线较为耐受的肿瘤细胞,如KB细胞和WM98309细胞。     

Comparison of tumor cell behavior following single daily or multiple daily (accelerated) irradiation in mammary cancer in C3H mice

The comparison of two fractionation schemes, i.e. the usual irradiation once a day with 2 Gy (SDF) and the fractionation with 3 times 1.6 Gy per day (MDF) at intervals of at least four hours shows the stronger action of higher fractionation on the destruction of tumor cells and the inhibition of their proliferation cinetics. So the number of pycnotic cells is considerably increased in case of multiple daily irradiation, and the mitosis rate as well as the labelling index show a more significant decrease. In case of one irradiation per day, the number of pycnotic cells increases during radiotherapy, too, but the mitosis rate and the labelling index only decrease until the fifth or sixth treatment day, remaining then unchanged or increasing slightly. This suggests a recurring multiplication of tumor cells already during radiotherapy. The higher efficacy of multiple daily fractionation in rapidly proliferating tumors is proved by the measurements of changing tumor volumes in the living animal during irradiation as well as by the observation of the survival time after irradiation.     

125I-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷对淋巴瘤细胞Raji和Daudi的杀伤作用

目的 探讨¹²⁵I-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(¹²⁵I-UdR)在淋巴瘤细胞Raji和Daudi中的特异性摄取及其杀伤效应。方法 测量Raji、Daudi细胞和细胞核在含不同放射性浓度¹²⁵I-UdR的培养液中培养不同时间后的活度;用噻唑蓝(MTT)实验和碘化丙啶(PI)染色周期分析评价¹²⁵I-UdR对Raji和Daudi细胞的杀伤作用。结果 Raji和Daudi细胞摄取¹²⁵I-UdR的量明显高于Na¹²⁵I对照组(P<0.05),在100kBq/ml浓度时,Raji和Daudi细胞摄取¹²⁵I-UdR的量分别为(14 414±95)和(6916±53.69)Bq/10⁶细胞,而对Na¹²⁵I的摄取量分别为(68±3.8)和(324±32.8) Bq/10⁶细胞;细胞和细胞核中¹²⁵I-UdR的量随培养基中¹²⁵I-UdR放射性浓度以及培养时间的增加而增加;¹²⁵I-UdR组的存活分数明显低于Na¹²⁵I对照组(P<0.05),以500kBq/ml浓度培养48h时, Raji和Daudi细胞¹²⁵I-UdR组的存活分数分别为(19.78±1.39)%和(43.17±2.69)%,而Na¹²⁵I组的存活分数分别为(79.10±1.79)%和(80.36±6.12)%;细胞存活分数有随培养基中放射性浓度增加而降低的趋势。结论 ¹²⁵I-UdR可被Raji和Daudi细胞特异性摄取并进入细胞核中,进而杀死细胞,其作用具有明显的时间-效应和剂量-效应关系。     

Modification of effects of radiation on thymidine kinase

Thymidine kinase (TdR-K) and the incorporation of iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) into DNA of murine bone marrow cells are acutely and temporarily inhibited by low doses (0.01 Gy) of whole-body gamma-radiation with a maximal effect at 4 h after exposure and full recovery at 10 h. The inhibitory effect was totally abolished by whole-body exposure to a strong static magnetic field of 1.4T. The present investigation was designed to gain insight into the mechanism(s) underlying the inhibition of TdR-K activity and the incorporation of 125I-UdR by challenging the system with various pharmacological and biochemical means. To this end the response of TdR-K and 125I-UdR incorporation into DNA to the administration of actinomycin-D, cycloheximide, cysteamine, misonidazole and procaine hydrochloride as well as to dietary manipulations, i.e. vitamin E deficiency and enrichment of the diet by soya oil, and to changes in the glutathione levels were investigated in bone marrow cells of irradiated and sham-irradiated mice. Furthermore, the effect of various NaHCO3 concentrations on optimizing the radiation-induced inhibition of TdR-K was investigated under conditions of radiation, vitamin E deficiency and enrichment of the diet by soya oil. The data point to the involvement of the cellular radical-detoxification system in changing the activity of TdR-K, especially on the basis of the concurrent increase of glutathione concentration and decrease in TdR-K activity.     

Dependence of mice fibrobslasts radiosensitivity on the exposure conditions]

In the scientific literature there is lengthy discussion concerning utilization of low-dose hypersensitivity and bystander in radiation therapy which inspired us to investigate these effects using cells of mice fibroblasts C3H10T1/2. Irradiated were monolayers of fibroblasts cells cultivated on wall of plastic vials. To study the bystander effect, the therapeutic proton beam with the onset energy of 150 Me V was directed at the whole wall (25 cr2) or only the central area of 1 cv(2). In an hour after irradiation the cells were dispersed in 0.25 % tripsin solution and inoculated in vials for survivability analysis. In both cases survivability of the cells was essentially equal following irradiation by 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy and 5 Gy. The same observation was made also after fractionated irradiation by the total doses of 10 and 20 Gy (2 Gy per a day, 5 times a week). In these experiments, each time another area (1 cm(2)) of the vial wall was subjected to irradiation. Three 0.4 Gy fractionated irradiations of cells C3H10OT1/2 per a day (5 times a week) by gamma-source 60Co with an interval of 3 hours showed that the total dose of 6 Gy and 12 Gy gathered by this protocol had the strongest lethal effect on fibroblast cells as compared with the daily one-time irradiation by 1.2 Gy. According to these results, detail studies of the low-dose hypersensitivity and bystander effects may come up with their effective utilization in radiation therapy.     

放射耐受性肝癌细胞亚株的筛选与建立

目的 诱导并筛选具有放射耐受性的单克隆肝癌细胞亚株,为进一步研究细胞抗放射生物学变化构建实验模型。方法 采用人肝癌HepG2细胞进行放射诱导,分次照射,累积吸收剂量为60 Gy。经细胞克隆筛选、建株。进行形态学和细胞超微结构观察,同时测定细胞生长特性以及放射敏感性变化与亲本HepG2细胞进行比较,并观察2 Gy照射后细胞内放射相关抗拒基因mRNA表达水平的变化,对该细胞亚株进行鉴定,定名为HepG2/R60细胞亚株。结果 通过2 Gy×30次分割照射诱导,成功建立HepG2/R60细胞亚株。细胞鉴定结果显示,与亲本HepG2细胞比较,细胞形态不规则,伪足伸展,折光度清晰,细胞间连接较为松散。透射电镜观察HepG2/R60细胞表面微绒毛明显增多,线粒体丰富,高尔基体发达。细胞生长延缓,倍增时间明显延迟为34.9 h,与HepG2细胞比较,放射敏感性显著降低,放射相关抗拒基因表达明显升高。结论 成功建立具有放射耐受性的人肝癌细胞亚株:HepG2/R60。经鉴定与其亲本的HepG2细胞比较,其放射敏感性显著降低。     

淫羊藿甙对辐照小鼠的抗凋亡作用与半胱天冬酶活性的相关性研究

目的：观察淫羊藿甙抗辐射损伤作用，并探讨其抗辐射损伤机制。方法：KM种小鼠于60Coγ射线照射前48，24h及照后即刻灌胃淫羊藿甙，剂量分别为1，10，100mg/kg，照射剂量8．0Gy，观察受照射小鼠30d存活率和死亡动物平均存活时间。另外观察淫羊藿甙对l锄种小鼠受5．5Gy 60Coγ射线照射后小鼠胸腺、脾脏和骨髓细胞凋亡率、半胱天冬酶-3(caspase-3)和半胱天冬酶-8(caspase-8))活性的影响。结果：中剂量淫羊藿甙组30d存活率较照射对照组提高50％，死亡动物平均存活时间延长2．5d。照射对照组胸腺、脾脏和骨髓细胞在照射后6，12和24h均有凋亡。胸腺和脾脏于照射后12h凋亡率最高，骨髓于照后6h凋亡率最高。照射24h后，3种组织的凋亡串均明显降低。中剂量淫羊藿甙可降低照射后6，12h胸腺、脾脏、骨髓细胞凋亡率和照射后24h脾脏、骨髓细胞凋亡率，抑制照射后6hcaspase-3活性，对半胱天冬酶-8活性无影响。结论：淫羊藿甙具有抗辐射损伤作用，其机制之一可能是通过抑制caspase-3活性降低细胞凋亡率。     

Results of percutaneous radiotherapy of bladder cancer using 1 and 2 series of irradiation

In a randomized prospective clinical study, the authors investigate the results of percutaneous radiotherapy (telecobalt) with two rhythms of fractionation in patients with vesical carcinomas. A one-series irradiation with 1.5 Gy daily (except the weekends) up to a total dose of 60 Gy is compared to a two-series irradiation (in the first series 3 Gy three days per week up to 30 Gy, then irradiation-free interval of four weeks, in the second series 1.5 Gy daily up to a total focal dose of 60 Gy). The five-year survival rates are 52% after one-series irradiation and 39% after two-series irradiation. The surgical treatment consisted in a most radical resection of the vesical tumor by TUTUR, partial resection of the wall, of transvesical tumor resection.     

3H-TdR与125I-UdR掺入淋巴细胞增殖的比较

目的 比较 ³H-TdR与 ¹²⁵I-UdR掺入淋巴细胞的增殖效应。方法 用 ³H-TdR与 ¹²⁵I-UdR掺入法测定淋巴细胞和Daudi淋巴瘤细胞的增殖效应。结果 ³H-TdR和 ¹²⁵I-UdR在正常淋巴细胞中的掺入率分别为20.95%±1.06%和1.00%±0.04%,在Daudi淋巴瘤细胞中的掺入率分别为29.94%±4.10%和6.02%±0.73%。 ³H-TdR在细胞中的掺入率明显高于 ¹²⁵I-UdR;且 ³H-TdR和 ¹²⁵I-UdR在淋巴瘤细胞中的掺入率高于正常淋巴细胞。结论 就淋巴细胞而言,作为示踪剂 ¹²⁵I-UdR不能替代 ³H-TdR;但对于淋巴瘤细胞,能否代替 ³H-TdR有待于进一步研究。     

60Coγ射线照射对豚鼠耳蜗功能和结构的影响

本实验采用模拟临床放射治疗常规分割照射方法，对豚鼠内耳进行６０Ｃｏγ射线外照射，研究电离辐射对耳蜗功能和结构的影响，以探讨临床上头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放射治疗后听力减退的原因和预防措施．研究发现，照射后１０周，豚鼠听觉脑干反应（ＡＢＲ）听阈随着照射剂量的提高而相应上升，７０Ｇｙ组平均上升１０ｄＢ，９０Ｇｙ组平均上升２８ｄＢ；耳蜗基底膜铺片检查发现，照射剂量与外毛细胞、内毛细胞和柱状细胞缺失数量呈正相关；损伤严重程度：外毛细胞＞内毛细胞＞柱状细胞；统计分析组间Ｐ＜０．０５．本研究提示，γ射线对耳蜗毛细胞的破坏损伤，是听觉下降主要原因．     

125I粒子持续低剂量率照射胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1相对生物效应的研究

目的 探讨国产6711型¹²⁵I粒子的相对生物效应,并对其照射杀伤PANC-1细胞的效果进行了初步探讨。方法 PANC-1细胞处于指数生长期时,行¹²⁵I粒子离体照射;在初始剂量率为2.59 cGy/h时,分别给予1、2、4、6、8和10 Gy照射。⁶⁰Co照射作为对照组,吸收剂量率为2.21 Gy/min,给予相同剂量照射。用锥虫蓝染色法检测细胞死亡比率,并比较在4 Gy照射后培养12、24、48和72 h细胞死亡率随时间变化。采用克隆形成实验,计算细胞克隆形成率,绘制生存曲线,得出生物学参数,并测定¹²⁵I粒子与⁶⁰Co的相对生物效应。结果 在相同剂量照射下,¹²⁵I持续低剂量率照射与⁶⁰Co照射相比,当≥4 Gy时,细胞死亡率明显增高。在4 Gy照射后,随着时间延长细胞死亡率增高,两者相比有明显差异。从生存曲线分析,¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射细胞存活分数比60Co低,¹²⁵I粒子相对于⁶⁰Co的生物效应为1.45。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射与⁶⁰Co高剂量率照射相比,细胞杀伤效应更强;测定的相对生物效应与其他研究者测量的结果相似;将为临床¹²⁵I粒子治疗肿瘤提供一定的参考价值。     

Endothelial cell population dynamics in rat brain after local irradiation

The dynamics of the endothelial cell population was investigated in the rat brain after local irradiation with different doses of X rays. A fluorescent-histochemical technique was used for the visualization of the cells. A decrease in endothelial cell number was observed within 1 day of irradiation with doses of 5-200 Gy. At this time the endothelial cell number had decreased by up to 15% compared with the pre-treatment values. This early dose-independent loss in cell number was maintained for up to 1 month after irradiation. This was then followed by a slow dose-independent decrease in cell density up to 6 months after exposure. Subsequently the depletion of the endothelial cell population exposed to 40 and 60 Gy continued. After a dose of 25 Gy an abortive recovery of cell numbers occurred followed by an abrupt depletion of the endothelial cell population. The possible mechanisms of such changes are discussed.     

125I粒子组织间永久种植致大鼠坐骨神经早期损伤的病理学观察

目的 探讨¹²⁵I粒子持续性低剂量率照射下肿瘤细胞的凋亡和周期改变。方法 采用CL187人结肠癌细胞系体外培养,分为空白对照组、⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率照射组、¹²⁵I低剂量率照射组。单次高剂量率组以2 Gy/min给予细胞1、2、4、6、8和10 Gy的照射,低剂量率组以2.77cGy/h的初始剂量率给予相同剂量照射,照射后24 h根据肿瘤细胞死亡率和14 d克隆形成率评价不同照射方式对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果。同时,用放射性¹²⁵I粒子以2.77 cGy/h的剂量率,给予细胞2、5和10 Gy的照射,应用流式细胞术测量其凋亡和细胞周期的变化。结果 低剂量率组照射后细胞死亡率在1 Gy时低于⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率组,随着剂量的上升,2 Gy后,超过单次高剂量率组,但整体上¹²⁵I粒子照射后细胞死亡率高于⁶⁰Co组(P=0.011)。¹²⁵I持续性低剂量率照射组的克隆增殖率明显低于⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率组(P=0.0021)。低剂量率照射下,2 Gy时仅能引起G₂/M期阻滞和凋亡,5 Gy时达到峰值,10 Gy时细胞周期阻滞和凋亡的比率依然很高,但相对于5 Gy有所下降;同时G₂/M期阻滞和凋亡变化呈现出相同的趋势。结论 在相同剂量条件下,¹²⁵I粒子持续照射低剂量率照射比⁶⁰Co单次高剂量照射对CL187肿瘤细胞具有更强的杀伤效应;G₂/M期阻滞引起的凋亡是低剂量率照射杀伤肿瘤细胞的主要机制。