病灶清除一期前路植骨钛板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的　探讨胸腰椎结核病灶清除,一期前路植骨钛板内固定的手术方法与疗效。方法　对1997年5月~2003年6月收治的23例胸腰椎结核患者,术前常规应用异烟肼、链霉素、利福平和乙胺丁醇四联抗痨治疗最少3周,并纠正贫血及低蛋白血症。血沉恢复正常或连续观察低于50mm/h后进行手术。采取病灶清除、一期前路植骨、“K”形钛板内固定。术后继续抗痨治疗10-12个月。结果　手术时间2-3 5h,平均2 6h。输血400~1200ml,平均600ml。伤口一期愈合,随访时间18 -61个月,植骨融合时间为4~9个月,平均6个月。5例截瘫患者均恢复,术后脊柱后凸角度平均矫正19°。结论　采取病灶清除、一期前路植骨钛板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核,具有矫正后凸畸形,稳定脊柱,并发症少,术后早期离床活动的优点。是较安全有效的治疗方法。     

Ⅰ期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨病灶清除、Ⅰ期植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核的临床效果。方法2002年6月至2007年7月收治脊柱结核患者51例,其中胸椎10例、胸腰段16例、腰椎25例。胸椎、胸腰段结核采用I期病灶清除前路植骨钢板内固定,腰椎使用后路椎弓根钉系统内固定加前路病灶清除植骨。观察术后结核治愈率、植骨融合、畸形矫正和神经恢复情况。结果平均随访1年零3个月,所有病例切口均Ⅰ期愈合。1例术后2个月切口破溃,换药2个月愈合。2例多发结核复发,分别行保守和手术治愈,其余病例无复发现象。内固定无松动、断裂,植骨无移动、吸收。无后突畸形发生。结论I期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核能有效清除病灶、矫正后突畸形、早期重建脊柱稳定性及促进椎体间植骨的融合,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

前路病灶切除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的评价前路病灶切除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核的临床效果。方法自1998年1月至2003年12月对88例脊柱结核患者行前路病灶切除植骨内固定治疗,男50例,女38例,年龄16～58岁,平均43.6岁。术前均有不同程度的结核全身症状并局部疼痛,叩压痛,活动受限。影像学显示单椎体破坏塌陷22例,双椎体破坏楔形塌陷66例,均有大小不等的冷脓肿和不同程度的后凸畸形;Cobb角17。～50。,平均35。。不全截瘫25例,血沉35～136mm/h,术前抗结核治疗2～4周。前路彻底切除病灶,撑开矫正后凸畸形,平均矫正20。,椎间自体大块髂骨嵌入植骨钢板螺钉内固定,置入抗结核药。术后规则抗结核药物治疗9个月。结果切口一期愈合86例,延期愈合2例,获随访76例,随访时间1.5～5年,平均2～8年。植骨块术后6～8个月完全融合,无移位、折断和吸收。25例截瘫术后6个月内完全恢复,50例矫正角度无丢失,26例矫正角度丢失4。～6。。血沉于术后2～3个月降至正常。随访期内病灶无复发。结论前路病灶切除髂骨植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核,既能彻底切除病灶防止复发,又能矫正畸形、重建脊柱稳定性,恢复脊柱支撑功能,防止晚发神经损害。     

骨感染

一期病椎切除内固定治疗胸腰椎结核;前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗腰椎跳跃性结核。     

一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的总结一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核的临床效果。方法对13例平均年龄42·3岁,平均病程5·6个月的脊柱结核患者,采用一期病灶清除结合植骨内固定,手术前后配合正规化疗,根据X线片观察脊柱融合时间,手术前后后凸角度变化以及按照Frankel分级的神经功能变化。结果全部病例伤口均一期愈合,未出现严重并发症。平均随访时间17·3个月,植骨界面骨性融合时间平均5·6个月。后凸平均矫正度数为11·7°,7例术前伴有神经损害症状者Frankel分级平均提高1·1级。结论一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核,骨结构重建可靠,治疗过程相对简化,住院周期缩短,效果肯定。     

颈椎结核外科手术治疗的临床分析

目的探讨颈椎结核手术治疗的方法及疗效。方法本组10例,男4例,女6例,平均年龄44岁。一期行颈前路病灶清除,椎管减压,植骨融合内固定。应用AO颈前路钛板内固定4例,Depuy颈前路钛板3例,枢法模颈前路钛板3例。所有病例术后佩戴颈托4～6周。抗结核治疗12—18个月。结果术后颈椎后凸畸形得以矫正,颈椎生理弧度得以恢复。神经功能有所恢复。术后3～6个月植骨融合,内固定位置良好,结核无复发。结论在抗结核治疗的基础上,颈前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗颈椎结核可以恢复脊柱稳定性,解除脊髓受压,有利于结核病灶的清除。     

前后路联合手术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床探索

目的探讨前后路联合手术治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核的临床可行性及疗效。方法1998年1月至2005年l2月间采用后路器械固定、前路彻底病灶清除植骨的方法治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核27例。其中胸椎6例,胸腰段10例,腰椎11例;累及2个节段17例,3个节段7例,4个节段3例;所有患者均伴有不同程度的椎旁脓肿,6例伴流注脓肿形成;15例伴有不同程度的脊髓和(或)神经根受压症状;所有患者均采用全身抗结核2周后手术,手术方式为先行后路脊柱内固定,后行结核病灶清除、植骨治疗。术中放置引流管和局部注药管。结果平均随访4年,除术后复发2例外,余25例患者平均术后6个月获得椎体间植骨融合,植骨融合率为92.6%。17例患者于术后1～4年行内固定取出术。结论前后路联合手术治疗胸腰椎结核有利于恢复脊柱的稳定性、提高植骨融合率、纠正和预防后凸畸形,提高临床治愈率。为尽量保留脊柱的运动单位应及时取出内固定。术中放置引流管并不会增加窦道的发生,术中置管化疗有利于局部病灶的控制。     

钛网及同种异体骨联合植入术在胸腰椎结核术中的应用价值

目的探讨钛网及同种异体骨联合应用植入术在胸腰椎结核手术中的应用价值。方法2002～2007年采用一期病灶清除,前、后路内固定,钛网及同种异体骨联合应用植入术治疗胸腰椎结核患者23例,术后观察伤口愈合、结核中毒症状及神经功能的恢复,固定融合及复发情况。结果23例患者获得1～3年随访,伤口均一期愈合,结核中毒症状明显改善或消失,神经功能完全恢复,固定融合情况良好,无结核复发迹象,6～12周带支具下床活动,6个月恢复正常生活及工作。结论胸腰椎结核一期前路病灶清除后应用钛网及同种异体骨联合重建并结合节段性内固定是一种值得推广的手术方法。     

一期经前路病灶清除钛网植骨固定融合术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床研究

目的探讨一期经前路病灶清除钛网植骨固定融合术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法2006年1月至2011年12月,我科对47例胸腰椎结核患者行一期经前路病灶清除钛网植骨固定融合术治疗。其中男22例,女25例;年龄21~68岁,平均45.9岁。累及节段:胸椎(T_(6~10))6例,胸腰段(T_(11)~L_1)32例;腰椎(L_(1~2))9例。Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi分型,Ⅱ型28例,Ⅲ型19例。病程3~15个月,平均8.7个月。术后采用Cobb’s角纠正度、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及神经功能Frankel分级评价临床疗效。结果术后切口均I期愈合。所有患者均获得有效随访,随访时间36~57个月,平均(45.6±6.3)个月。钛网植骨均获骨性融合,融合时间9~18个月,平均(14.2±3.4)个月。所有患者均无局部结核复发,未发生内固定松动或断裂。术后3个月Cobb’s角、VAS评分(t=20.967,P=0.000;t=59.671,P=0.000)及末次随访Cobb’s角、VAS评分(t=19.746,P=0.000;t=80.113,P=0.000)均较术前明显改善。Frankel分级除10例由D级恢复为E级、4例由C级恢复为D级外,其余患者术前、术后均为E级。结论一期经前路病灶清除钛网植骨固定融合术治疗胸腰椎结核可以充分减压,同时实现固定、融合以及维持脊柱稳定性的目的,从而取得良好的治疗效果。     

后路固定加病灶清除治疗脊柱结核疗效分析

目的探讨脊柱结核经后路固定加后外侧或前外侧病灶清除手术治疗的疗效.方法回顾性分析2007年4月至2011年6月期间收治的一期经后路固定加病灶清除的38例脊柱结核患者的临床资料,其中胸椎结核19例患者行后路钉棒系统内固定且一期经胸椎后外侧入路行结核病灶清除;腰椎结核15例,腰骶椎结核4例患者行后路钉棒系统内固定后改变体位一期经腰椎前外侧入路行结核病灶清除.手术后继续规范抗结核治疗.随访患者疼痛及畸形以及神经系统改善情况.结果所有患者得到随访.1例背部切口轻度慢性炎症,2例双下肢神经系统功能未完全恢复.所有患者结核中毒症状全部消失,胸部腰背疼痛明显改善,后凸畸形好转.植骨融合,治愈率92.1%(35/38).结论脊柱结核经后路固定,胸椎结核经后外侧腰椎结核经前外侧病灶清除术式安全,疗效确切.术前术后规范抗痨用药及营养支持是保障手术疗效的关键.     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.     

Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma

Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case-control study among 299 incident B-cell NHLs and 76 MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Each case was incidence-density matched to two eligible controls on age, race, sex and blood draw date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lymphoid malignancies overall and stratified by subtype. We observed a significant positive association between high erythrocyte lead concentration and risk of lymphoid malignancies overall (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33 per 17.6 μg/L (1 standard deviation [SD])) and follicular lymphoma in particular (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15-2.80 per SD). In contrast, there was no association between erythrocyte cadmium and risk of B-NHL (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06 per 0.37 μg/L [1 SD]), or any B-NHL subtypes; but a strong inverse association with MM risk (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, per SD). Results from our study suggest a positive association between erythrocyte lead level and risk of lymphoid malignancies and a possible inverse association between cadmium and myeloma. Additional research is needed to confirm and further explore these findings.     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.