血清β_2-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白、血清胱抑素C在高血压病早期肾损害诊断的意义

目的观察β2-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白、血清胱抑素C检测在高血压早期肾损害诊断中的临床作用。方法用免疫比浊法检测103例高血压和126例健康体检者的尿微量白蛋白、血β2-微球蛋白、血清胱抑素C水平。对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果 (1)高血压患者的尿微量白蛋白、血β2-微球蛋白、血清胱抑素C水平均明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)单项检测尿微量白蛋白、血β2-微球蛋白、血清胱抑素C对高血压早期肾损害有较高的临床价值。其中尿微量白蛋白的检测效果稍佳。(3)三者联合检测高血压早期肾损害的灵敏度为98.91%,特异度为97.92%,诊断符合度为98.76%。结论尿微量白蛋白、血β2-微球蛋白、血清胱抑素C对高血压早期肾损害有较好的相关性。三者联合检测高血压早期肾损害有极高的临床价值。     

黄芪注射液联合厄贝沙坦对高血压早期肾损害的防治作用

目的:探讨黄芪注射液联合厄贝沙坦治疗对高血压早期肾损害患者血清胱蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys-C)、尿微量白蛋白(mALB)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)等相关指标的影响。方法:选择90例高血压早期肾损害患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组均给予常规降压治疗,每组均加服厄贝沙坦,治疗组加用黄芪注射液静滴,疗程四周,观察治疗前后血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血清Cys-C、尿mALB、β2-MG、NAG变化并进行分析。结果:两组治疗四周后Cys-C、mALB、β2-MG、NAG均下降,治疗组下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05),两组间的血压,血肌酐、尿素氮无明显差异。结论:黄芪注射液联合厄贝沙坦治疗能有效减轻高血压肾损害的发生,其临床疗效优于单纯使用厄贝沙坦。     

肾动态显像联合β2-微球蛋白检测对糖尿病肾病患者早期肾功能损害的诊断价值

目的 探讨用99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像联合β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)检测在糖尿病患者早期肾功能损害诊断中的价值.方法 将71例2型糖尿病患者根据尿蛋白排泄率分成4组:对照组(15例)、DM1组(糖尿病正常白蛋白组,13例)、DM2组(糖尿病微量白蛋白尿组,29例)和DM3组(糖尿病临床蛋白尿组,29例).比较肾小球滤过率、肾有效血浆流量、肾功能曲线峰时、半排时间(T1/2)及20 min残留率(C20).采用放射免疫分析方法测定血、尿β2-MG的含量.结果 DM1组GFR和ERPF均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),DM3组GFR和ERPF明显低于对照组(P＜0.05)且DM2组和DM3组左肾、右肾和总T1/2延长,TP后延,C20明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,患者血、尿β2-MG含量显著增高(P＜0.05).结论 99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像联合β2-MG检测可早期了解糖尿病患者肾脏受损程度.     

尿微量蛋白联合尿酶检测对高血压患者早期肾损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨尿中微量白蛋白(mAlb)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)、α1微球蛋白(α1MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)对高血压患者肾脏早期损害的诊断价值。方法选取85例高血压患者,采用测其尿常规蛋白,速率散射免疫比浊法测定尿微量白蛋白、IgG和α1MG。采用终点比色法测定尿NAG。结果高血压患者尿微量白蛋白阳性率为50.59%,明显高于尿常规蛋白阳性率为11.76%;高血压患者尿微量白蛋白、IgG、α1MG和NAG明显高于对照组(P<0.01),并随病程延长有逐渐增高趋势。结论尿微量蛋白联合尿酶测定可作为高血压早期肾损伤诊断的敏感指标。     

随机尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值联合尿酶监测在2型糖尿病早期肾损害中的价值*

目的：评价随机尿微量白蛋白与肌酐(creatinine, Cr)比值(albumin to creatinine ratio, ACR)和尿酶联合监测在2型糖尿病早期肾损害中的价值。方法：对179例2型糖尿病患者分别收集24 h尿、随机尿,分别计算出24 h尿蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate, UAER)和随机尿ACR,比较两者的相关性。再根据UAER将患者分为3组：尿微量白蛋白正常组(SDM组)、尿微量白蛋白轻度升高组(EDN组)、临床尿微量白蛋白升高组(CDN组),比较3组间患者ACR、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(N-acetyl-beta-D-Glucosaminidase, NAG)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(glutamyl transpeptidase, GGT),并进行统计学分析,评价各指标的诊断效能。结果：随机尿ACR在肾病早期与24 h UAER监测的相关度较高,且对肾早期损害的诊断效能要优于血Cr等其他指标。对糖尿病肾病患者进行ACR与肾小管相关指标尿NAG、尿GGT联合检测阳性率为83.6%,高于仅进行单项检测的阳性率。结论：随机尿ACR、尿NAG和尿GGT的联合检测是诊断和监测糖尿病患者肾脏早期损害灵敏、可靠的手段。     

尿微量蛋白检测诊断早期高血压肾损害的临床研究

目的 :检测尿微量蛋白水平并探讨其对原发性高血压肾损害的早期诊断价值。方法 :收集 98例原发性高血压患者晨尿、空腹静脉血 ,采用酶联免疫测定尿微量白蛋白 (micro albumin ,MA) ,尿 β2 微球蛋白 (β2 MG) ,并测定血尿素氮 (BUN)、肌酐 (Cr) ,肾联合检查阳性为尿微量白蛋白、尿 β2 微球蛋白中任意一项指标高于正常值。结果 :单项指标阳性率 :尿微量白蛋白 5 8 6 3% ,尿 β2 微球蛋白 6 9 15 % ,肾联合检查阳性率 88 72 % ,均高于尿常规(15 31% )和尿素氮、肌酐阳性率 (2 8 73% ) ,呈显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。原发性高血压病 3级 (极高危组 )患者尿微量蛋白肾联合检查总阳性率 10 0 %。结论 :尿微量蛋白检测对高血压早期肾损害的诊断有帮助 ,是诊断肾功能早期损害的敏感指标。     

核素肾动态显像在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨99mTc-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(99m Tc-DTPA)核素肾动态显像在糖尿病患者早期肾损害中的诊断价值,为临床诊治2型糖尿病(T2DM)及预后提供相关依据。方法选取100例T2DM患者,根据尿微量白蛋白测定结果分为无白蛋白尿组(38例)和微量白蛋白尿组(62例),另选择同期健康者25例作为对照组。受试者均行核素肾动态显像获得分肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)、肾功能曲线,同时测定尿微量白蛋白水平。结果无白蛋白尿组GFR值明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。微量白蛋白尿组GFR值与正常对照组比较无明显差异,但肾功能曲线半排时间(T1/2)延长,20 min残留率(C20)增高。微量白蛋白尿组尿微量白蛋白水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论核素肾动态显像可以早期发现T2DM患者肾功能受损程度,为早期诊断和治疗提供依据。     

高血压病患者尿蛋白早期肾损害指标联合检测结果分析

目的探讨高血压病患者早期肾脏损害尿蛋白指标的变化及对高血压肾病的诊断价值。方法采用速率散射比浊法检测尿微量白蛋白(mALB)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG),全定量酶免疫法测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP),速率法检测N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),Jaffe速率法测定肌酐。结果高血压病患者尿RBP、mALB、β2-MG、NAG均较对照组显著增高(P<0.01),并随病期的延长有逐渐增高的趋势。单项及二项检测RBP、mALB、β2-MG、NAG阳性率较低,联合其中三项检测阳性率较高,联合四项检测阳性率可达91.67%,RBP与β2-MG、NAG呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。mALB与RBP、β2-MG、NAG无相关性(P>0.05)。结论检测尿RBP、mALB、β2-MG、NAG是诊断高血压病早期肾损害的敏感指标,联合三至四项指标有较高的检出率,对于高血压肾病的早期诊断,肾功能损害程度及部位的判断具有一定的价值。     

早期肾损害的多项指标测定对高血压肾病的临床价值

目的 探讨早期肾脏损害指标的变化及对高血压肾病的诊断价值.方法 100例高血压肾病患者按病程不同分为,高血压肾病A组35例;高血压肾病B组40例;高血压肾病C组25例,采用速率散射比浊法检测尿微量白蛋白(mALB)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、全定量酶免疫法测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、速率法检测N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),比较单项检查和联合检查的阳性率.结果 各组高血压肾病尿MA、β2-MG、RBP、NAG与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05-0.01);两项联合检测阳性率53.0%明显高于单项检测40.0% (χ2=3.92,P<0.05),四项联合检测的阳性率90.0%明显高于三项联合检测76.0% (χ2=4.94,P<0.05);100例高血压病患者尿RBP与β2-MG和NAG呈正相关(r=0.669,r=0.597,P均<0.01).结论 检测尿RBP、mALB、β2-MG、NAG是诊断高血压病早期肾损害的敏感指标,联合测定对肾功能损害程度的判断具有一定的价值.     

肾脏早期损害指标的联合分析对高血压肾病的诊断价值

目的:探讨高血压患者早期肾脏损害指标的变化及对高血压肾病的诊断价值。方法:采用速率散射比浊法检测尿微量白蛋白(mALB)、β2微球蛋白(β2MG)、全定量酶免疫法测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、速率法检测N乙酰βD氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、Jaffe速率法测定肌酐。结果:高血压病患者尿RBP、mALB、β2MG、NAG均较对照组显著增高(P<0.01),并随病期的延长有逐渐增高的趋势。单项及二项检测RBP、mALB、β2MG、NAG阳性率较低,联合其中三项检测阳性率较高,联合四项检测阳性率可达91.67%,RBP与β2MG、NAG呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。mALB与RBP、β2MG、NAG无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:检测尿RBP、mALB、β2MG、NAG是诊断高血压病早期肾损害的敏感指标,联合三至四项指标有较高的检出率,对于高血压肾病的早期诊断,肾功能损害程度及部位的判断具有一定的价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.