Scleral buckling methods for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Scleral buckling techniques are effective in treating most eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and usually the final visual result is limited only by possible preexisting macular damage due to the detachment. Still, a variety of techniques are used, including exoplant or implant methods for the scleral buckle; cryotherapy, diathermy, or photocoagulation to cause the chorioretinal adhesion; and drainage or nondrainage of subretinal fluid. Also, recent development of alternative surgical techniques such as vitreous surgery and/or intraocular gas injection have raised questions about the current role of scleral buckling methods. This article reviews the principles and techniques of scleral buckling for retinal detachment and describes the methods we have found most useful.     

外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的疗效,分析陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床特点.方法 陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离34例(34只眼),在双目间接检眼镜直视下行裂孔及变性区定位,在裂孔及变性区周围行视网膜冷凝后,根据情况分别采用巩膜表面加压术、环扎术或环扎加压术.术后定期观察视力、玻璃体及视网膜复位情况.结果 ①随访1～6个月,术后视网膜裂孔封闭,完全复位28只眼,再脱离6只眼,均发生在手术后1个月;其中2例手术后不足10d再脱离.②视力情况:视力提高28只眼,矫正视力＜0.3者18只眼,≥0.3者10只眼.③视网膜下液吸收情况:3d完全吸收19例,6d完全吸收7例,3～4周吸收2例.④冷凝反应:Ⅰ级10只眼,Ⅱ级14只眼,Ⅲ级4只眼.结论 在双目间接检眼镜直视下,外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的手术效果良好,值得临床推广.手术后视网膜的复位和视力与病程有密切关系.陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离多是因为早期的误诊造成,应引起临床医生注意.     

Scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with subretinal proliferation

Purpose

To evaluate the outcome of scleral buckling surgery in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with subretinal proliferation.

Methods

In this retrospective study, a chart review of all patients with RRD associated with subretinal proliferation who were primarily treated with scleral buckling procedure, from April 2007 to April 2014, was undertaken. Main outcome measures were anatomical retinal reattachment and visual acuity.

Results

Forty-four eyes of 43 patients including 24 males and 19 females with a mean age of 26.5±13.1 years were evaluated. Immediately after the surgery, retina was reattached in all eyes. However, five eyes (11.3%) needed additional surgery for retinal redetachment. Single surgery anatomical success rate was 88.7%. Four eyes (9.1%), needed pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of redetachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and scleral buckle revision surgery was successfully performed in the other eye. Best corrected visual acuity improved from 1.5±0.9 logMAR before surgery to 1.1±0.7 logMAR after surgery (P<0.001). An improvement in BCVA of >2 lines was found in 23 eyes (52.2%) and worsening of best corrected visual acuity of >2 lines was observed in 2 eyes (4.5%).

Conclusions

Scleral buckling surgery is highly successful in eyes with RRD associated with subretinal proliferation.     

巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 观察巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 160例（168眼）行巩膜扣带术，术中均在双目间接检眼镜直视下定位裂孔、冷凝封闭裂孔。术后随访，观察视网膜复位情况。结果 本组病例初次手术视网膜解剖复位率94．0％。二次巩膜扣带术后视网膜解剖复位率为97．6％。结论 巩膜扣带术是治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。合理联合视网膜下液引流、玻璃体气体填充及眼底激光光凝可提高手术成功率。     

巩膜外垫压术治疗家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨巩膜外垫压术治疗家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离的效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年10月间在我院住院行巩膜外垫压术（或联合环扎术）治疗的6例（6只眼）家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.本组所有患者视网膜裂孔检查明确,且位于赤道或赤道前,增生性玻璃体视网膜病变C2级以下;具有阳性家族史;荧光素眼底血管造影特征明显.其中1个裂孔者4只眼,2个裂孔者2只眼.1例硅胶海绵纵行垫压,5例硅胶轮胎环行垫压并联合环扎.所有患者术后均补充视网膜激光光凝.结果 6例患者术后视网膜均复位良好,视力改善,经激光治疗无灌注区,随访稳定.结论 对于家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离患者,选择部分病例行巩膜外垫压手术治疗,术后及时补充视网膜激光光凝,可取得很好效果.     

Scleral buckling combined with vitrectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with inferior retinal breaks

AIM: The use of adjunctive scleral buckling during vitrectomy for retinal detachment associated with inferior breaks has been the recent focus of some debate. It has been suggested that any benefit might be outweighed by potential complications associated with buckling surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the success rate of vitrectomy, gas, and supplementary scleral buckling with the results of two recently published case series suggesting that acceptable results in inferior break detachments can be achieved with vitrectomy and gas alone. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 60 consecutive patients with inferior break retinal detachments was conducted. All patients underwent vitrectomy, gas, and scleral buckling. In all cases, fellow eyes were examined under anaesthesia for retinal breaks if posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) had occurred at the time of presentation. Demographics, preoperative, and postoperative complications and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Primary retinal attachment at 3 months was achieved in 95% of patients. This exceeds success rates of published data of patients who underwent vitrectomy and gas without buckling (81-89%). In patients with PVD in the fellow eye, 53% had horseshoe tears and all were treated with cryopexy. No sight-threatening complications occurred, but five patients developed minor buckle-related complications postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Supplementary scleral buckling is a safe procedure that improves and enhances primary success rates in inferior break detachments over vitrectomy and gas without buckling. There is a high rate of PVD-related breaks requiring treatment in the fellow eyes.     

巩膜扣带术联合532间接眼底镜激光治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨将巩膜扣带术中冷凝改为间接眼底镜激光光凝封闭裂孔，治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效和适应证范围。方法回顾性分析2003年12月～2005年4月在我院行巩膜扣带术接受532间接眼底镜激光光凝治疗RD患者26例（26眼）的临床资料。结果术后随访3～6个月，26眼中视网膜全部复位。结论将巩膜扣带术中的冷凝改为532间接眼底镜激光光凝可减少视网膜和脉络膜损伤及术中并发症发生，是治疗RD的有效方法之一。     

非凝固手术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨将巩膜扣带术中冷凝改为术后氪多波长激光光凝封闭裂孔治疗视网膜脱离的疗效、适应证范围及临床意义。方法：回顾性分析2001／2003在我院行非凝固巩膜扣带手术联合术后氪多波长激光封闭裂孔治疗孔源性视网膜脱离36例(36眼)，观察其疗效并对结果进行评价。结果：术后随访3-24mo，视网膜完全复位的32例，术后0．5a后矫正视力≥0．132例，最佳矫正视力为1．5。结论：非凝固巩膜扣带术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离，简化了手术操作，无凝固手术相关的并发症，术后采用氪多波长激光封闭裂孔，可以根据裂孔的部位及届光介质混浊的程度选用不同波长的激光进行封孔，是治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法之一。     

不放液的节段性外垫压术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术的疗效比较

目的探讨不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的疗效,并对两种术式疗效进行比较。方法回顾分析181例(184只眼)增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)C2级以下改变的RRD行不放液的节段性外垫压手术与巩膜环扎加压、引流视网膜下液手术的临床资料。全部患者均为我院首诊病例,按手术中是否放液分为放液组和不放液组,分别分析各组PVR级别与视网膜解剖复位率的关系,并对二组的手术并发症、术后视力进行比较。181例患者术后随访时间2~48个月,平均8.6个月。结果放液组视网膜复位84只眼,手术成功率为91.3%;不放液组视网膜复位86只眼,手术成功率为93.5%。放液组和不放液组PVR不同级别(B,C级)视网膜复位率比较其差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。而二组的手术并发症、术后视力进步率比较,不放液组手术并发症明显比放液组低,术后视力进步率较放液组高,其差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术复位率基本一致,但术后视力明显提高,手术并发症少,为手术步骤的重要改变,PVRC2级以下改变的RRD都可适用。     

玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切除联术合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2014-01/2018-02在我院行玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者19例19眼,术后3～12mo行玻璃体腔硅油取出术。观察患者术后视网膜复位率、眼压、视力恢复及并发症情况。

结果：本组患者术后视网膜均复位,术后3mo患眼玻璃体腔硅油填充状态下眼压(16.09±3.58mmHg)、硅油取出术后6mo眼压(14.69±3.10mmHg)均高于术前(6.78±1.90mmHg)(均P<0.05)。硅油取出术后6mo,15眼患者视力较术前提高。术后无低眼压及眼球萎缩等并发症发生。

结论：玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是相对安全有效的,视网膜复位率高,术后并发症少,再次手术率低。     

Scleral buckling for retinal detachment in patients with retinoblastoma

Three children (two girls and one boy) with bilateral retinoblastoma each developed a presumed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in one eye. All three eyes had previously received radiation and cryotherapy. In each case the retinal detachment responded promptly to conventional surgical methods via scleral buckling in the area of treated retinoblastoma and presumed retinal break. All three eyes have retained useful vision for follow-up periods of 3.5 to 12 years.     

Excimer laser refractive correction of myopia after episcleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects of excimer laser treatment for ametropia after surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with scleral buckles. SETTING: Helsinki University Eye Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. METHODS: Ten patients (10 eyes) who had 1 or more surgeries for RRD followed by refractive surgery for myopia were retrospectively enrolled in this study and were examined after excimer laser refractive surgery. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) was performed using a Star S2 excimer laser system (Visx). The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refraction, degree of anisometropia, and topographical changes were evaluated before and after the surgeries. RESULTS: All patients were free of asthenopic symptoms after refractive surgery. At the end of the follow-up, a mean of 67 months +/- 14 (SD) after refractive surgery, 6 patients were within +/-1.0 diopter of the intended correction. Compared with previously reported cohorts of myopic patients, the achieved refraction in patients who previously had a scleral buckling procedure was worse. The postoperative refraction was stable, and corneal topography did not show induced scar formation, keratectasia, or irregular astigmatism. After refractive surgery, the BSCVA improved 1 Snellen line in 3 patients and 2 lines in 1 patient. One patient lost 1 Snellen line and another patient lost 2 lines. Four patients showed no changes. New retinal complications were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: In the long-term, PRK and LASIK were safe methods for the treatment of myopia in RRD patients after scleral buckling. The predictability of myopic LASIK/PRK may be worse than generally reported in myopic cohorts.     

巩膜扣带术治疗原发性非增生性视网膜脱离

目的观察巩膜扣带术治疗原发性(孔源性)非增生性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法36例(36眼)行巩膜扣带术。均按我们提出的视网膜脱离手术的3项要求(准确的裂孔定位,适度的冷凝和恰当的放置外垫压物)进行手术。术后随访,观察视网膜复位情况,视力、眼压及并发症。结果视网膜复位30眼(83.33%),失败6眼(16.67%),失败原因:1眼发生鱼嘴现象,3眼裂孔封闭不良,2眼垫压偏位。术后视力提高33眼,不变2眼,下降1眼。眼压升高3眼,服药后恢复正常。垫压物松动,环扎带移位及冷凝过度各1眼。结论巩膜扣带术治疗非增生性原发性视网膜脱离简单可靠。应用间接检眼镜直视下手术可大大提高手术成功率。     

不放液巩膜外加压术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离

目的:探讨不放液巩膜外加压术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析不放液单纯巩膜外加压术治疗32例32眼陈旧性视网膜脱离的临床病例资料,观察术后最佳矫正视力、手术并发症和视网膜复位情况。结果:术后随访6～12(平均9.2)mo,最佳矫正视力>0.1者17例17眼,2例2眼术后短期内眼压升高,首次手术解剖复位30例30眼,成功率94%。2例2眼术后视网膜下增殖继续发展,行玻璃体切除术后视网膜复位。结论:不放液巩膜外加压术对视网膜下增殖不严重的陈旧性视网膜脱离简单有效。     

Ciliochoroidal detachment following scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE AND METHODS: We observed the peripheral choroid; ciliary body, and depth of the anterior chamber by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in 31 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment before and after scleral buckling surgery. Scleral encircling was performed in 11 eyes and segmental scleral buckling in 20 eyes. RESULTS: With UBM, ciliochoroidal detachment was detected in all eyes (100%) following scleral encircling and in 8 eyes (40.0%) following segmental scleral buckling. After scleral encircling procedure, the eyes with preoperatively bullous and wide retinal detachment showed a severe ciliochoroidal detachment and edema of the ciliary body. Shallowing of the anterior camber occurred in all 11 eyes (100%) after scleral encircling and in 12 of 20 eyes (60.0%) after segmental scleral buckling. Marked shallowing with closure of the angle and elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 2 eyes. CONCLUSION: The results showed that careful postoperative examinations for the anterior segments, chamber angle, and intraocular pressure are necessary with slit-lamp examination and applanation tonometry after scleral buckling surgery.