人精浆中端粒酶活性测定及其临床意义

目的 观察精浆端粒酶活性(TA)在不同类型男性不育症患者中的变化,以及与精浆生殖激素浓度、精液中精子数量和质量之间的相互关系.方法 随机选取110例男性不育症患者与30例生育者,应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法,对其精浆TA进行检测;应用放射免疫分析(RIA)方法对其精浆T、FSH、LH浓度进行检测;按WHO规定的方法,定量分析精液中的精子密度、精子活率、(a+b)级精子活力百分率、精液中白细胞数量.结果 不育症组精浆TA和T浓度均明显低于生育组(P均<0.01);不育症组精浆FSH和LH浓度均明显高于生育组(P均<0.05).在不育症组中,随着精液中精子数量的递减,TA水平亦呈现明显的逐渐下降趋势;精浆中TA与T浓度之间存在明显的相关性(P<0.01),.与FSH和LH浓度之间无相关性(P>0.05);精子活力、活率正常组精浆TA均高于不良组(P<0.01);WBC精液组精浆TA高于非WBC精液组(P<0.05).结论 精浆TA水平与精子数量和质量存在一定的相关性,同时与精子发育密切相关的睾酮浓度有协同促进作用,端粒酶在人类生殖发育中发挥着重要作用.检测精浆TA水平对于进一步了解、预防和治疗某些病理状态下所致的生殖能力低下有重要意义.     

男性不育症精浆中超氧化物歧化酶、锌、睾酮含量的研究

本文采用一种简便灵敏的改良邻苯三酚法测定了236例不育症患者和27例正常育龄男子精浆中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SoD)含量,同时还测定了精浆锌(Zn)和睾酮(T)含量。结果表明:在不育症精浆中,CuZn-SOD、Zn、T与精子密度之间均有显著正相关(P<0.01);CuZn-SOD和Zn含量与精子活动度均有密切关系,含量高活动度也高(P<0.001);CuZn-SOD和Zn之间亦存在显著正相关(P<0.01). 在精子密度范围同60～100×10~6/ml时.不育组与生育组精浆中CuZn-SOD、Zn、T含量均无统计学差异(P<0.2).本究究提示.CuZn-SOD作为精浆保护因子,通过抑制类脂过氧化反应使精子免受损伤。精浆CuZn-SOD含量测定有可能作为衡量精液质量的新指标。应用SOD类制剂治疗男性不育症可能有裨益。     

精浆游离L-肉毒碱水平及其与精子密度、活动率及活力的相关性研究

目的:研究正常生育及不育男性精浆中游离L-肉毒碱水平差异及其与精子密度、活动率(a+b+c级精子百分率)及活力(a+b级精子百分率)之间的相关性,探讨精浆中游离L-肉毒碱水平对男性生育力的影响及其在不育症检查和治疗中的作用。方法:分别采用高效液相色谱法和计算机辅助精液分析系统,测定了230例不育症患者(精子密度正常117例,少精子症81例,无精子症32例)和30例正常生育男性精浆中游离L-肉毒碱水平及精子密度、活动率、活力等参数。根据检查结果对不育症患者分组后,以SPSS12.0软件包进行统计学分析,比较各组间游离L-肉毒碱水平的差异以及游离L-肉毒碱水平与精子密度、活动率、活力之间的相关性。结果:正常生育组精浆游离L-肉毒碱水平明显高于不育组(P<0.01)。精液中精子密度越低、活力越弱,这种差异性越显著。相关性分析结果显示,精浆游离L-肉毒碱水平与精子密度呈显著正相关关系(r=0.521,P<0.01),与精子活动率和活力之间也具有正相关关系(r=0.319,P<0.01;r=0.251,P<0.01)。结论:精浆L-肉毒碱水平与精子密度、活动率和活力之间密切相关,其含量测定作为一项有用的生化指标,可为男性不育症检查及临床诊治和进行有关男性生殖功能机制研究提供参考。     

不育症患者精浆IL-1β、IL-4、IL-10含量测定及临床意义

目的 :观察男性不育症患者精浆中白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)、白细胞介素 4 (IL 4 )、白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )含量 ,及其与精子的各项功能指标之间的相互关系。　方法 :应用放射免疫分析 (RIA)技术 ,对 12 6例男性不育症和 2 0例正常生育者精浆中IL 1β、IL 4、IL 10含量进行检测。根据精子密度将不育症患者分为A组 (精子密度≥ 2 0× 10 6/ml)、B组 (精子密度 <2 0× 10 6/ml)和C组 (无精子症者 ) 3组 ;根据精子活动力、活动率将A组分别分为精子活动力正常组和不良组 ,精子活动率正常组和下降组 ;根据不育症患者血清抗精子抗体 (AsAb)检测结果、精液中WBC多少分为AsAb阳性组和阴性组 ,WBC精液组和非WBC精液组。根据生育组检测结果 ,将不育A组和B组分为精子穿透力正常组和下降组 ,精子顶体完整率正常组和下降组 ,精子尾部肿胀率正常组和下降组。　结果 :不育症组精浆IL 1β含量显著高于生育组 (P <0 .0 1) ,IL 4、IL 10含量显著低于生育组 (P <0 .0 1)。不育症组精浆中IL 1β、IL 4、IL 10含量在WBC精液组与非WBC精液组、血清AsAb阳性组与阴性组之间差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;IL 4含量在不育症组精子活动力、活动率、精子穿透力、顶体完整率、尾部肿胀率正常与减少之间差异均有显著性 (P <0     

人精浆中铁蛋白与β_2-微球蛋白测定及临床意义

目的 :探讨精浆中铁蛋白 (Fer)和 β2 微球蛋白 (β2 MG)含量与不育症的关系。　方法 :用放射免疫分析方法对 2 2例正常生育者和 12 5例不育者精浆中Fer和 β2 MG进行了检测。　结果 :不育男性精浆中Fer含量明显高于正常生育组 ,β2 MG含量明显低于生育组 ,不育与生育者之间存在高度显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,并且精浆中Fer与 β2 MG含量与精子密度之间存在密切的相关关系。　结论 :测定精浆中Fer与 β2 MG含量可以帮助判断男性不育者的状态 ,指导临床对其进行有效的治疗     

生育与不育男性血清和精浆褪黑素检测及其意义

目的 :检测生育与不育男性精浆褪黑素 (MLT)浓度并探讨在男性生育中的意义。　方法 :年龄为 2 6～ 36岁的生育男性 (18例 )和年龄为 2 3～ 36岁的不育男性 (99例 ) ,其中 ,后者又分为正常精子症组 (13例 )、少精子症组(2 7例 )、弱精子症组 (31例 )、少弱精子症组 (17例 )和少弱畸精子症组 (11例 )。分别采集静脉血和精液 ,采用酶联免疫吸附实验 (ELISA)检测血清和精浆中MLT浓度。　结果 :血清MLT浓度在生育与不育男性之间无显著性差异 ,各组精浆MLT浓度均低于相应的血清值。生育组精浆MLT浓度与各不育组相比无显著性差异 ,而少弱精子症组和少弱畸精子症组MLT浓度下降较为明显 ,但尚未达到统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :本研究结果表明 ,精浆MLT可能对精子功能具有一定作用 ,其具体作用机制尚需进一步深入的研究。     

男性不育伴慢性病毒性肝炎患者血清和精液氧化应激水平及相关参数分析

目的:探讨男性不育伴慢性病毒性肝炎患者血清和精液丙二醛(MDA)、对氧磷酶-1(PON-1)水平及对精液相关参数的影响。方法:选择有生育力的男性健康对照组50例,男性不育组42例,男性不育伴慢性病毒性肝炎组45例,采用分光光度法测定血清和精浆MDA水平、PON-1活性,采用吖啶橙荧光染色法测定精子DNA碎片化指数(DFI)。结果:不育伴肝炎组血清和精浆MDA水平明显高于对照组和不育组(P<0.01和P<0.05),而PON-1活性明显低于对照组和不育组(P<0.01和P<0.05)。不育伴肝炎组精子活动率、精子存活率均明显低于对照组和不育组(P<0.01和P<0.05),而精子DFI明显高于对照组和不育组(P<0.01和P<0.05)。三组精子浓度无显著性差异(P>0.05);不育组与不育伴肝炎组精液WBC显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。男性不育伴慢性病毒性肝炎组精浆中的MDA水平、PON-1活性分别与血清中的MDA和PON-1呈显著正相关(r=0.57和0.48,P<0.01)。结论:病毒引起慢性活动性肝炎会使生殖系统氧化应激加强,加重对精子的损害,影响精子质量。     

生育与不育男性精液常规、精浆蛋白量和血清FSH水平

本文测定了26例正常生育男性和70例不育男性连续两次精液的常规、精浆总蛋白量和血清FSH浓度。按照精子密度,将不育男性分为少精组、无精组和精子密度>40×10~(?)/ml组。观察到不育男性精液液化时间、pH、体积的均数与正常生育男性间差别无显著性,而Ⅱ级+Ⅲ级活动度精子、活动精子、正常形态精子百分率及精浆总蛋白量低于正常生育组。少精组和无精组的血清FSH浓度明显高于正常生育组。精子密度与血清FSH浓度呈负相关。活动精子百分率与正常形态精子百分率呈正相关。     

不育男性精浆酸性磷酸酶和锌与精液参数分析

目的:探讨不育男性精浆中酸性磷酸酶和锌水平与精子密度及精子活力的关系。方法:对21例正常生育男性、169例不育男性精浆中酸性磷酸酶和锌分别进行检测,并作白细胞染色计数。结果:①不论按精子密度分组或按精子活力分组,不育各组精浆中酸性磷酸酶含量明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),但不育各组之间的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②不论按精子密度分组或按精子活力分组,不育各组精浆锌含量仅死精子症组低于正常对照组(P<0.05);③按精子密度分组,各组标本之间白细胞计数的差异用秩和检验分析,不育各组白细胞计数的平均秩次明显大于正常对照组(P<0.001);按精子活力分组,不育各组精浆白细胞计数均高于正常对照组(P<0.05),死精子症组除外(P>0.05)。④精浆中酸性磷酸酶及锌含量均与白细胞计数不相关(r=0.088,P=0.162;r=0.119,P=0.057)。结论:精浆中酸性磷酸酶水平下降和白细胞增多均可导致精子密度和精子活力降低,可作为男性不育的诊断指标;不育患者精浆中锌离子水平虽然低于正常对照组,但无显著性差异。     

一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶与伴精索静脉曲张不育患者精液参数的关系

目的:探讨一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与伴精索静脉曲张(VC)不育患者精液参数之间的关系。方法:根据体格检查和彩色多普勒超声检查选择伴VC的不育患者(组1,n=53),其中临床型和亚临床型分别为21例和32例;同时选择非VC少弱精子症患者(组2,n=29)和正常生育者(组3,n=28)作对照组。采用硝酸还原法分别测定外周血和精浆中NO含量和NOS活性。用计算机辅助精液分析仪测定VC组患者精子密度、活动精子(a+b级精子)和快速前向运动精子百分率。结果:①组1外周血清NO含量和NOS活性与组2及组3相比差异无显著性(P>0.05),但精浆中NO含量和NOS活性组1明显高于其他两组,差异有显著性(P<0.01和P<0.05)。②组1中,随着曲张的精索静脉内径的增加,外周血清和精浆中NO含量和NOS活性均有所上升,但只有精浆中临床型和亚临床型之间相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。③组1中,随着精子密度和精子活力的下降,外周血清和精浆中NO含量和NOS活性均有上升趋势,且精子密度≥20×106/ml和≤10×106/ml之间,精子活力≥50%和≤25%之间差异有显著性(P均<0.05)。结论:在VC诊断中精浆中NO含量和NOS活性测定较外周血清中更有意义。早期测定精浆NO含量和NOS活性对VC的诊断和治疗具有重要的临床价值。     

不育男性精浆总抗氧化能力与精子运动功能的关系

目的:研究不育男性精浆总抗氧化能力(TAC)与精子运动能力和方式之间的关系,探讨精浆TAC水平在男性生育中的临床意义。方法:113例精子密度正常的不育男性,28例正常生育男性作为对照组。精液于37℃液化后采用计算机辅助精液分析(CASA)系统进行精液常规分析,采用比色法进行精浆TAC分析。结果:正常生育组精浆TAC为(19.82±6.33)U,不育男性精子密度正常组精浆TAC为(14.37±8.45)U,不育男性精子密度正常组与正常生育组比较存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。精浆TAC与a级精子百分率(r=0.208,P<0.05)和(a+b)级精子百分率(r=0.231,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,精浆TAC与精子运动参数中的前向性(r=0.200,P<0.05)、直线性(r=0.208,P<0.05)、曲线速度(r=0.189,P<0.05)、直线速度(r=0.210,P<0.05)、平均移动速度(r=0.215,P<0.05)及鞭打频率(r=-0.248,P<0.01)之间有显著的相关性,其中前向性、直线性、直线速度、曲线速度、平均移动速度与TAC呈正相关(P<0.05),而鞭打频率与TAC呈负相关(P<0.01)。精浆TAC与摆动性、侧摆幅度、平均移动角度之间无显著相关。结论:精浆中TAC水平与精子运动能力和运动方式密切相关,适宜的精浆TAC为精子运动提供了良好的外部环境,精浆中过低的TAC水平与精子运动能力下降和运动方式改变有关,可能是引起男性不育的病因之一。精浆中TAC分析可为探讨男性不育的发病机制以及临床用药提供依据。     

免疫性不育男性精浆白细胞介素6和可溶性细胞黏附分子1分析

目的:检测男性免疫性不育患者精浆白介素6(IL-6)和可溶性细胞粘附分子1(s ICAM-1)水平,探讨炎症细胞因子与男性免疫性不育的关系。方法:按精子膜表面抗体免疫珠试验结果将临床疑为不育症患者分为免疫性不育组(Ig A或Ig G抗体黏附的精子数≥50%)41例、其他原因不育A组(10%≤Ig A或Ig G抗体黏附的精子数50%)37例,其他原因不育B组(Ig A或Ig G抗体黏附的精子数10%)45例。按白细胞过氧化物酶染色结果将免疫性不育患者分为免疫性白细胞阳性组和免疫性白细胞阴性组;选择同期因女方因素不孕前来检查的生育力评估正常的健康男性31例作为对照组。统计分析各组炎症因子精浆表达水平及精浆主要参数的差异。精液液化时间通过肉眼观察和显微镜进行识别判读,精子浓度及活力用计算机辅助精子分析系统,精子存活率采用低渗膨胀实验(HOS),抗精子抗体采用免疫珠试验(IBT);白细胞过氧化物酶染色采用正甲苯胺法,IL-6和s ICAM-1的含量测定采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法。结果:各不育组与对照组比较,精子存活率和前向运动精子百分率有统计学差异(P0.05或P0.01)。免疫性不育组、其他原因不育A组、其他原因不育B组和对照组精浆IL-6(ng/L)、s ICAM-1(ng/ml)水平分别为37.92±17.01、89.15±41.82,22.23±13.77、67.81±33.24,18.75±14.32、53.25±27.09,9.47±5.76、19.46±9.77。各不育组与对照组比较,IL-6、s ICAM-1均有非常显著性差异(P0.01),免疫性不育组与其他原因不育两组分别比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。免疫性白细胞阳性组和免疫性白细胞阴性组精浆IL-6(ng/L)、s ICAM-1(ng/ml)的水平分别为49.25±21.46、104.36±46.41和31.38±15.54、80.38±35.52,两者比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:男性精浆中IL-6和s ICAM-1升高可能与免疫性不育有关。     

Seminal plasma transferrin concentration: relationship with seminal parameters and plasma hormone levels.

Seminal plasma transferrin concentrations were determined in 155 infertile male patients and in 15 pregnancy-proven fertile males (control group); then the relationship between these concentrations and seminal parameters and plasma hormone levels was investigated. The concentrations of seminal plasma transferrin in patients with a sperm concentration below 20 x 10(6)/ml were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in seminal plasma transferrin concentration between patients with a sperm concentration of 40 x 10(6)/ml or more and the control patients. A positive correlation was observed between sperm concentration and seminal transferrin content (r = 0.56; p < 0.05). However, correlations between seminal transferrin concentration and sperm motility and between seminal plasma transferrin content and sperm morphology did not show any significance, nor did the seminal transferrin content correlate with plasma LH, FSH, prolactin or testosterone levels. It, therefore, seems that while transferrin is indicative of certain physiopathological conditions in the germ cells, this protein is not a distinctive marker of the fertility potential of an individual.     

Relationship between Zinc Concentrations in Seminal Plasma and Various Sperm Parameters

The zinc concentration in seminal plasma from 98 infertile male patients and 8 fertile males was measured. The zinc concentration of the seminal plasma in azoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic patients was significantly lower than that in the other groups (each, p<0.05). The seminal plasma zinc concentration in asthenozoospermic males was significantly higher than that in any other group (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation of zinc concentration with sperm concentration (r=0.33, p<0.05) and with sperm motility (r=0.22, p<0.05), while there was no correlation with sperm morphology. A correlation between zinc concentration and plasma testosterone concentration was observed (r=0.24, p<0.05). It is concluded that excessively high zinc concentration is apparently related to defective motility in asthenozoospermic patients, even though adequate seminal plasma content of the element is required for normal sperm function.     

Problems in evaluating male fertility: valuable factors in evaluating male fertility and normal values of seminal parameters

To determine the valuable factor for evaluating male fertility, a comparative study was done as to various seminal parameters between fertile and infertile groups. The fertile group consists of 57 proven fertile males and the infertile group consists of randomly chosen 67 infertile patients. Seminal parameters assessed were sperm concentration, motility, mean velocity, total sperm output, total motile sperm output, sperm morphology, acrosin activity and sperm penetration rate on zona-free hamster egg penetration assay (SPA). The infertile group was significantly different from the fertile group in every parameter except acrosin activity. However, the range of each parameter in the two groups overlapped each other. The diagnostic rate of each parameter, which is the percentage of an infertile male correctly diagnosed as infertile, was calculated by using 95% specificity threshold value of fertile males. The 95% specificity threshold values of sperm concentration, motility and % normal shaped sperm were 24.9 x 10(6)/ml, 34.9% and 55%, respectively, and they could be acceptable for the normal limit of seminal parameters. The diagnostic rate was highest in penetration rate (72.4%). In other words, penetration rate is the most valuable factor in various parameters for making a distinction between fertile and infertile males. Sperm motility and mean velocity showed the next highest diagnostic rate. On the other hand, sperm concentration showed a poor diagnostic rate (36.8%). In addition, there was no significant correlation between penetration rate and any other seminal parameters. These results suggest that the SPA will be an essential test for evaluating male fertility and penetration rate may be a marker of male fertility in the treatment of male infertility.     

男性不育患者精浆尿酸的检测及临床意义初探

目的 :检测男性不育患者精浆尿酸的含量 ,并探讨其与不育的关系。　方法 :2 0 0 3年 2～ 8月就诊的男性不育患者 1 6 3例 ,分为 4组 :梗阻性无精子症组 ,1 5例 ;非梗阻性无精子症组 ,36例 ;少精子症组 ,4 3例 ;弱精子症组 ,6 9例。 2 0例正常生育男性为正常对照组。上述各组均作精液参数分析及精浆尿酸含量的测定。　结果 :正常对照组精浆尿酸含量为 (396 .9± 5 3.1 ) μmol/L ,显著高于梗阻性无精子症组 [(79.5± 1 8.1 ) μmol/L]、非梗阻性无精子症组[(2 4 5 .8± 76 .5 ) μmol/L]、少精子症组 [(2 6 2 .2± 79.2 ) μmol/L]和弱精子症组 [(2 5 1 .4± 75 .4 ) μmol/L](P均 <0 .0 1 )。其中 ,梗阻性无精子症组精浆尿酸含量又显著低于其他各不育症组 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ,其余各不育症组间精浆尿酸含量差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :精浆中尿酸作为生殖系统中的一种重要抗氧化物 ,可能在男性生殖中具有一定意义。     

少弱精子症和正常生育男性精液中尿激酶及其受体含量的研究

目的:通过研究精子正常和异常男性精浆和精子中尿激酶及受体含量差异,以了解尿激酶及受体与男性生育力的关系。方法:采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定22例正常生育男性和44例少弱精子症男性精浆和精子中尿激酶及受体的含量。结果:①正常男性精浆尿激酶平均含量为(4 803.69±602.78)mU/L,与少弱精子症组[(4 061.35±736.23)mU/L]相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。正常生育男性精子尿激酶平均含量为(30.29±3.16)mU/106个精子,与少弱精子症组[(20.51±4.2)mU/106个精子],差异有显著性(P<0.01)。②正常生育男性精子尿激酶受体平均含量为(12.97±3.11)mU/106个精子相比,与少弱精子症组[(6.09±1.45)mU/106个精子]相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。③精子和精浆中尿激酶含量和精子活率和活力呈显著正相关。结论:尿激酶和男性生育力相关,少弱精子症和正常生育男性精液中尿激酶及其受体含量存在差异。     

Modulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in the seminal plasma of infertile men

It has been suggested that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 plays an important role in the regulation of spermatogenesis in the testes. In the present study, concentrations of total IGF-1 were determined in the seminal plasma of fertile (n = 44), male-factor infertile (n = 34), and immunoinfertile (n = 10) men in order to investigate the role of IGF-1 in male infertility. Levels of IGF-1 were expressed both as nanograms per milliliter and as nanograms per milligram of protein. IGF-1 was detected in the seminal plasma of both fertile and infertile men. IGF-1 levels differed significantly between fertile and immunoinfertile groups (P < 0.035 to P < 0.0001), whether expressed as nanograms per milliliter or as nanograms per milligram of protein. The immunoinfertile group showed a 31.3-37.9% increase in the mean IGF-1 concentration over the fertile group. There was no statistical difference in the mean or median levels of IGF-1 between the fertile and male-factor infertile groups, whether expressed as nanograms per milliliter or as nanograms per milligram of protein. However, when the male-factor infertile subjects were divided into four subgroups based on which seminal parameter was defective, the subgroup having a low sperm count had IGF-1 levels that were significantly different from the fertile group, the immunoinfertile subgroup, and the other male-factor infertile subgroups. The low-sperm-count subgroup had the lowest mean and median IGF-1 levels of all the groups and subgroups tested. IGF-1 levels linearly correlated (r = 0.30-0.499) significantly (P = 0.023-0.027) with the total sperm count in the semen, whether analyzed with all groups together or in subgroups by condition. These findings suggest that IGF-1 has a role in fertility and that its derangement may be involved in male infertility, especially when mediated through low sperm count and immunologic factors.