Effect of mycoprotein on blood lipids

This metabolic study was designed to investigate the effects of mycoprotein on blood lipids. Mycoprotein is a food produced by continuous fermentation of Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) on a carbohydrate substrate. Two groups of subjects with slightly raised cholesterol concentrations took part in the 3-wk study. The experimental group was fed mycoprotein in place of meat and the control diet contained meat. There was no change in plasma cholesterol in the control group but there was a 13% reduction in the mycoprotein group. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increased in the control group by 12% and decreased by 9% in the mycoprotein group. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased by 11% in the control group but increased by 12% in the mycoprotein group. In each case the group ANOVA differences between variables were statistically significant. It is clear from these results that lipid variables are advantageously altered by mycoprotein consumption.     

富硒蒜对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化作用的影响

为了观察富硒蒜对实验性高脂血症大鼠脂和抗氧化能力的影响，取76只成年Wistar大鼠分为6组，雌雄各半，A组为正常对照组，B组为高脂（HFD）对照组，C组为HFD＋亚硒酸钠组，D组为HFD＋富硒蒜组，E组为HFD＋普通蒜组，F组为HFD＋普通蒜＋亚硒酸钠组，A，B、E组饲料硒水平为0．08mg/kg，其它三组为2．7mg/kg，实验期12周，结束时取血及肝，肾组织进行生化测定和肝病理检查，结果表明，C，D和F组动物血清总胆固醇，甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量都显著低于高脂对照组，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇则高于高脂对照组，雌鼠的血脂对高脂饲料的反应比雄鼠更敏感。C，D，E，F组动物体内过氧化状态升高的程度均显著低于高脂对照组动物，表现为肝组织内脂质过氧化物丙二醛的含量显著降低及肝组织及红细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力和血浆内过氧化物歧化酶活力不同程度地升高，D，F组雄性动物肝，肾中硒含量高于C组，最显著的是在该两组雌雄动物红细胞中大量蓄积硒，病理检查发现，四个实验组动物肝组织含量高于C组，最显著的是在该两组雌雄动物红细胞中大量蓄积硒，病理检查发现，四个实验组动物肝组织脂肪变性的程度显著轻于高脂对照组动物，在D组动物中表现得尤明显结果说明，从预防高血脂和对抗脂质过氧化作用的角度，富硒蒜优于亚硒酸钠或普通蒜，也稍优于合并使用普通蒜和亚硒酸钠。     

Effect of garlic powder on C-reactive protein and plasma lipids in overweight and smoking subjects

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies suggest that garlic may have beneficial effects on risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, these findings are not unambiguously supported by randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the effects of a chemically well-characterized garlic preparation on biomarkers for inflammation, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism in subjects with risk factors for CVD. DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 90 overweight [body mass index (in kg/m2) > 24.5] subjects aged 40-75 y who smoked >10 cigarettes/d. The subjects were randomly assigned to 3 parallel treatment groups: garlic powder (2.1 g/d), atorvastatin (40 mg/d), or placebo. Duplicate measurements were performed at baseline and after 1 and 3 mo of treatment. Treatments were compared with analysis of covariance with baseline as the covariate, and differences between the treatments were reported as mean percentage difference and corresponding 97.5% CI. RESULTS: None of the variables showed significant differences between the garlic-treated and the placebo groups. In contrast, compared with the placebo group, atorvastatin treatment resulted in significantly lower plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (20.2%; 1.7%, 35.3%), total cholesterol (37.2%; 33.1%, 41.1%), LDL cholesterol (52.7%; 47.9%, 57.1%), triacylglycerols (31.9%; 20.8%, 41.5%), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha; 41.9%; 19.0%, 58.3%) and increased the ratio of ex vivo whole blood lipopolysaccharide-stimulated to nonstimulated TNF-alpha concentrations (109.7%; 37.9%, 218.9%). CONCLUSION: We conclude that a chemically well-characterized garlic preparation has no significant effect on inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial function, or lipid profile in normolipidemic subjects with risk factors for CVD.     

不同剂量铜摄入对大鼠血脂影响

目的 探讨铜摄入量对大鼠血脂的影响,为定量评价铜引发动脉粥样硬化(atherosc lerosis,AS)的危险性提供数据基础.方法 选择Wistar大鼠饲以缺铜饲料并给予不同剂量葡萄糖酸铜30 d,分析铜摄入量与大鼠体内总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)等血脂指标关系.结果 铜摄入量≤0.047 mg/kg时,大鼠血中ApoB为0.31~0.35 g/L、LDL-C为0.37~0.43 mmol/L,2者均高于正常对照水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);铜摄入量≤0.175 mg/kg时,大鼠血中TG为1.28~1.53 mmol/L,高于正常对照水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);铜摄入量为4.015 mg/kg时,ApoA1为(0.12±0.02)g/L,高于正常对照,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 铜摄入量异常可不同程度对大鼠各项血脂指标产生影响,进而对AS的发生与发展产生促进或抑制作用.     

果胶对大鼠血脂及抗氧化功能的影响

目的 研究不同剂量的果胶对高脂血症大鼠的血脂及抗氧化功能的影响。方法 根据血清总胆固醇和体重将Wistar大鼠随机分为5组，以正常饲料和高脂饲料为对照组，低、中、高剂量组分别喂饲不同水平(5％，10％，20％)的果胶，测定血脂和抗氧化功能指标。结果 各剂量水平果胶均可显著降低大鼠的摄食；同高脂对照组相比。中剂量和高剂量组大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)水平显著降低。且中剂量组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平提高，各剂量组血清丙二醛(MDA)水平均降低，低剂量组和中剂量组的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平无显著性变化。结论 果胶对高脂血症大鼠的血脂有调节作用，并且降低其体内的脂质过氧化水平；高剂量果胶对大鼠机体产生副作用。     

补充牛磺酸对正常大鼠脂代谢的影响

为研究不同牛磺酸水平对正常大鼠血脂的影响 ,将 40只断乳SD大鼠用基础饲料喂养一周后 ,按体重和血浆总胆固醇均衡的原则分为 4组 ,对照组进食正常饲料 ,其余 3组分别在基础饲料的基础上添加不同水平 (6、1.35和 3g kg饲料 )的牛磺酸 ;实验 5周后 ,观察牛磺酸对大鼠血脂的影响。结果表明 ,与正常对照组相比 ,不同剂量的牛磺酸均可显著影响大鼠血浆脂质水平 ;6g kg牛磺酸降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇效果最明显 ,13.5g kg牛磺酸可显著降低血清甘油三酯、载脂蛋白 B水平 ,促进粪胆汁酸排泄 ;30g kg牛磺酸对降低大鼠肝脏总胆固醇、升高血清载脂蛋白效果较好。     

Effect of increasing iron supplementation on blood lipids in rats.

The effects of increasing levels of Fe on serum fatty acids, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, liver and heart were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either Fe-deficient or carbonyl Fe-supplemented diets with 35 (control), 350, 3500 and 20 000 microg Fe/g for 12 weeks. As intake of Fe increased, serum total cholesterol increased from 2.0 mmol/l in controls to 5.2 mmol/l at the highest level of Fe. Also, the total serum phospholipid fatty acids increased from 609 mg/dl in controls to 1292 mg/l at the highest level of Fe. Except for the highest dose of Fe, the ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid fatty acids increased from 1.2 to 1.7. The serum total free fatty acid levels remained constant among all groups with a range from 162 to 228 mg/l, while a ratio of 0.6 to 0.8 for saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was maintained. A dose-related increase in liver non-haem Fe from 18 to 3500 microg/g correlated with increases in lipid peroxidation (r 0.87), measured by the lipid-conjugated diene assay. Oxidative changes in the liver may have resulted in alterations in sterol synthesis, leading to increased serum cholesterol levels with increases in serum phospholipids and changes in the ratios of their saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. Animals with heart damage showed myocardial degeneration and cardiomyopathy with haemosiderin in interstitial macrophages or myocardial fibres and, when these were coupled with the findings of increased non-haem Fe in the heart and lipid peroxidation in the liver, suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions.     

奥氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症患者血糖和血脂的影响

目的探讨奥氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症患者体重、血糖和血脂的影响,对比其差异。方法选取60名精神分裂症患者,随机分为奥氮平组和利培酮组各30例,分别给以奥氮平和利培酮治疗,于入组时和28 d后分别测量体重、血糖和血脂水平,同时用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定精神症状。结果与治疗前相比,2组患者体重均显著增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,总胆固醇（TCH）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,血糖和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平变化不明显,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗前后2组患者体重、血糖、血脂指标相比差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗后奥氮平组PANSS量表分值明显低于利培酮组[（37.90±9.884）vs（43.66±9.37）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论奥氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症患者体重、血脂均有明显影响,奥氮平降低PANSS分的作用大于利培酮。     

不同铅接触水平对作业人员血压、血脂的影响

根据某铅酸蓄电池生产企业工作场所空气中铅烟尘浓度的不同,将职业性铅接触工人分为高接触组和低接触组,并对血压、血脂进行检测分析.结果显示,高接触组收缩压高于低接触组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);舒张压和脉压差的升高程度高于低接触组,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).高接触组甘油三酯水平高于低接触组,差异有统计学意义...     

红曲改善高血脂大鼠血液流变学作用的研究

为了观察红曲对高血脂模型大鼠血液流变学的影响 ,以高脂饲料喂饲Wistar大鼠 ,同时以 0、0 6、1 2g kgBW红曲预防性给予高血脂模型大鼠 2 8天 ,并另设空白对照组。结果显示 :大鼠明显形成高脂血症 ,红曲能显著降低血清总胆固醇 (TC)、总甘油三酯 (TG) ,并显著升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)。红曲能够显著升高红细胞变形指数 (IDEI) ,降低红细胞聚集指数 (AI)、血小板黏附率 (PADT)、5s 1切变率下全血粘度 ,对血小板聚集率 (PAGT)无显著性影响。提示红曲能改善血液流变学 ,从而改善微循环的作用。     

Effect of a standardized wheat bran preparation on serum lipids in young healthy males.

Feeding of a chemically standardized coarse wheat bran product in a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight per day over a period of 4 weeks in young healthy male volunteers did cause a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol as well as in total serum triglycerides of 10 and 24%, respectively. Very low density lipoprotein-, high density lipoprotein-, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels tended to diminish during bran feeding. The most marked reduction was observed in the high density lipoprotein- cholesterol fraction. Although the duration of this study was relatively short, it is concluded, that these results could have therapeutic consequences for the dietary management of hyperlipidemia. However, the lowering of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol could also be interpreted as unfavorable since an inverse relationship between high density lipoprotien-cholesterol levels and the occurrence of coronary heart disease has been established.     

葡萄籽提取物对高脂家兔血脂的影响

为探讨葡萄籽提取物对高脂饲养家兔血脂水平的影响，实验设普通饲料对照组，高脂饲料模型对照组和三个高脂模型实验组，高脂模型实验组在饲喂高脂饲料的同时，分别每天添加低（5g),中，（10g)，高（15g)三个剂量的葡萄籽提取物，于实验0周，6周，12周，测定血清TC＜TG，LDL和HDL含量，结果表明，饲喂葡萄籽提取物的三个实验组的血清TC，TG，LDL升高的幅度较模型对照组少，而HDL升高的幅度较模型对照组大，提示葡萄籽提取物对家兔血脂升高有一定的阻抑作用。     

限制能量摄入对大鼠体重及空腹血糖、血脂影响

目的 探讨限制能量摄入对大鼠体重及其体内空腹血糖、血脂的影响.方法 按体重随机将36只雄性Wistar大鼠分为基础组、限能1组和限能2组,单笼喂养12周,检测在自由摄食、80%和60%限能水平下大鼠体重及其空腹血糖、血脂的变化.结果 2个限能组体重、脂肪湿重、脂体比、甘油三酯(TG)水平均显著低于基础组(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著高于基础组(P<0.05),空腹血糖水平与基础组比较差异无统计学意义,限能2组在实验结束时总胆固醇(TC)水平显著高于基础组(P<0.05).结论 限能可以增高大鼠HDL-C水平,降低TG水平,对空腹血糖无明显的影响,限制能量摄入达到一定程度可升高TC水平.     

Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Recent studies have cast doubt on the proposed lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects of garlic. We tested the effect of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on blood lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-five healthy, normo-lipidaemic volunteers (men and women aged 40-60 years) were assigned to dried garlic powder tablets (10.8 mg alliin (3-(2-propenylsulfinyl)-L-alanine)/d, corresponding to about three garlic cloves) or placebo. Sixty-two subjects were eligible for the per-protocol analysis. The primary outcome measure was serum total cholesterol concentration. Secondary outcome measures were LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, blood pressure and arterial stiffness (assessed by pulse wave velocity). No significant differences between the garlic and placebo groups were detected for any of the outcome measures. However, garlic powder was associated with a near-significant decrease (12 %) in triacylglycerol concentration (P=0.07). In conclusion, garlic powder tablets have no clinically relevant lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects in middle-aged, normo-lipidaemic individuals. The putative anti-atherosclerotic effect of garlic may be linked to risk markers other than blood lipids.     

有氧运动对高脂膳食大鼠血液中胃促生长素及血脂的影响

目的探讨有氧运动对高脂膳食大鼠血液中胃促生长素（Ghrelin）和血脂的影响。方法成年SD大鼠30只,分为3组,每组10只,分为正常对照组、高脂对照组、高脂运动组,建立运动高脂膳食动物模型。对各组大鼠血液中血糖、甘油三酯（IG）、胆固醇（Tc）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）进行测试;使用酶免试剂盒测试Ghrelin。结果高脂膳食组大鼠体重为（405．7±28．9）g,血糖为（9．38±3．66）mol／L,TC为（2．992±0．086）mol／L,TG为（0．585±0．055）mol／L,LDL—C为（0．325±0．073）mol／L,均高于正常对照组;血液中Ghrelin含量为（1153．38±323．25）pg／mm3,HDL—C为（0．388±0．073）mol／L,均低于正常对照组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。有氧运动后,体重为（366．9±31．3）g）,血糖为（7．53±n12）mol／L,TC为（1．898±n141）mol／L,TG为（0．543±0．043）mol／L,LDL-C为（0．287±0．022）mol／L均明显降低;血液中Ghrelin含量为（1398．34±325．56）pg／mm2,HDL．C为（n495±0．069）mol／L,均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论有氧运动能减少大鼠体内脂肪组织含量,升高大鼠血液中Ghrelin的含量,降低TC含量,升高HDL含量,为运动治疗高脂血症（AS）提供试验依据。     

Effect of citrus pectin on blood lipids and fecal steroid excretion in man.

Citrus pectin (15 g/day) was added for 3 weeks to metabolically controlled diets in nine subjects. Pectin was consumed with fruit and sugar as a gel in divided doses with meals. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced by a mean of 13% (P less than 0.001). Fecal fat excretion increased by 44% (P less than 0.001); neutral steroids by 17% (P less than 0.001) and fecal bile acids by 33% (P less than 0.02). Plasma triglyceride levels did not change.     

长期饮用淡化海水对大鼠血脂影响

目的 观察长期饮用淡化海水对大鼠血脂的影响,为淡化海水利用提供依据。方法 120只Wistar大鼠随机分为淡化海水组(饮用淡化海水)、对照组(饮用市政自来水),连续12个月;分别于大鼠饲养初始及3、6、12个月时采集血液样品,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HLD-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量。结果 观察期间淡化海水组大鼠一般状态及饮食饮水状况均正常,与对照组比较,淡化海水组大鼠体重无明显变化; 6个月时,淡化海水组雌性大鼠血清TC、HDL-C、LDL-C含量[分别为(1.52±0.18)、(0.90±0.14)、(0.17±0.03)mmol/L]高于对照组(P<0.05),淡化海水组雄性大鼠血清TC、HDL-C[分别为(1.82±0.24)、(0.901±0.14)mmol/L]低于对照组(P<0.05);12个月时,淡化海水组雌性大鼠血清TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C[分别为(2.01±0.63)、(1.20±0.30)、(0.71±0.11)、(0.15±0.03)mmol/L]明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 长期饮用淡化海水对大鼠一般生长发育无明显影响,对雌性大鼠血脂水平具有一定影响。