奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的：观察吉西他滨联合奈达铂与联合顺铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和安全性。方法：60例中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,其中吉西他滨联合奈达铂化疗方案组（GN组）30例,吉西他滨1000mg/m^2,第1、8天,静脉滴注30分钟,奈达铂80mg/m^2,第2天,滴注时间大于1小时;吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗方案组（GP组）30例,吉西他滨1 000mg/m^2,第1、8天,静脉滴注30分钟,顺铂80-100 mg/m^2,分3d,常规水化利尿。以上2组方案均21天为一个周期。结果：GN组有效率36.67%,GP组有效率40.00%,两组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）;GP组胃肠道反应（80%）发生率明显高于GN组（56.7%）（P〈0.05）;两组肾脏毒性无明显差异;两组白细胞下降发生率分别为56.7%和50.0%,奈达铂组明显（P〉0.05）;血小板下降GN组（73.3%）较GP组（66.7%）显著（P〉0.05）,但无统计学差异。结论：吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗晚期NSCLC的有效率不低于吉西他滨联合顺铂方案,胃肠道毒性较轻,不良反应主要为骨髓抑制及过敏反应。     

国产吉西他滨加顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

 目的 评价国产吉西他滨（泽菲）加顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和毒副反应。方法 泽菲1 000 mg／m2，第1，8天静脉滴注，顺铂25 mg／m2，第1 ~ 3天静脉滴注，3周重复。结果 全组25例，共完成76个周期，平均3个周期（2 ~ 6个周期），完全缓解1例，部分缓解9例，客观有效率44 %（11／25），主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、消化道反应、静脉炎。结论 国产吉西他滨加顺铂的两联化疗在晚期非小细胞肺癌中有较好疗效，毒性可以耐受。     

国产吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床分析

目的:观察国产吉西他滨(泽菲)联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期疗效及毒副反应。方法:有明确病理和/或细胞学诊断的晚期NSCLC病例30例,泽菲1.0g/m2,静脉滴注,d1、d8,顺铂80mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1,以21天为1周期,连用2个周期后评价疗效。结果:全组30例均可评价,CR 0,PR 13例,NC 9例,PD 7例。有效率为43.33%(13/30),主要毒副反应为胃肠反应和血液毒性,III~IV级白细胞和血小板下降分别为21.74%和16.67%。结论:泽菲联合顺铂治疗NSCLC有较好疗效,毒性较小可以耐受。     

吉西他滨联合奈达铂与吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的：评估吉西他滨联合奈达铂与吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效和不良反应。方法：经病理学或细胞学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者90例,随机分为两组,每组各45例。GN组：吉西他滨（Gem）800mg/m^2,第1、8、15天静注,静脉滴注30分钟,奈达铂（NDP）80-100mg/m^2,静滴,第1天,滴注时间不少于1小时,每3周重复;GP组：吉西他滨（Gem）800mg/m^2,第1、8、15天静注,静脉滴注30分钟,顺铂（DDP）25mg/m^2,静滴,第1-3天,每28天为一个周期。治疗2周期评价疗效,每周期评价不良反应。结果：两组有效率分别为37.8%和40.0%,疾病控制率分别为77.8%和80.0%,中位生存期分别为8.8个月和9.0个月,差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。GN方案组骨髓抑制尤其是血小板减少略高于GP方案组,但无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;GN方案组消化道反应为35.6%,GP方案组为84.4%,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：GN和GP方案均为治疗老年晚期NSCLC的有效方案,两方案疗效、疾病控制率及中位生存期均相近,但GN方案消化道反应较GP方案明显较轻,GN方案组患者耐受性更好。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察国产盐酸吉西他滨(泽菲)联合顺铂治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期疗效及毒副反应。方法：初治的Ⅲ～Ⅳ期NSCLC病例30例,以21天为1周期,泽菲1．0g／m^2,静脉滴注,d1、d8,顺铂30mg／m^2,静脉滴注,d1～d3,连用2个周期后评价疗效。结果：全组30例均可评价,有效率为40％(12／30),主要毒副反应为胃肠反应(20％)和血液学毒性,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级白细胞下降和血小板下降分别为20％和13％。结论：泽菲联合顺铂治疗NSCLC有较好疗效,毒性较小可以耐受。     

GP方案与NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌对比观察

目的比较GP方案与NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒性反应。方法56例晚期非小细胞肺癌随机分为两组,GP组29例,吉西他滨1.0～1.2g/m^2,第1、第8天,静脉滴注;顺铂25mg/m^2,第1～3天,静脉滴注。NP组27例,长春瑞滨25mg/m^2,第1、第8天,静脉推注;顺铂25mg/m^2,第1～3天,静脉滴注,21d为1个周期,治疗2个周期以上评定疗效,同时予水化、利尿等处理。结果GP组有效率44.8%,NP组有效率40.7%,两组差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。骨髓抑制为两组的主要毒性反应,其中NP组白细胞下降发生率高于GP组（85.2%对51.7%,P〈0.05）,GP组血小板下降发生率高于NP组（82.8%对22.2%,P〈0.05）,NP组静脉炎反应较GP组重（29.6%对6.9%,P〈0.05）,两组比较差异有显著性。结论GP方案与NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效显著,毒性反应各异,但可耐受。     

艾迪注射液联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的观察中药复方制剂艾迪注射液联合国产吉西他滨（泽菲,GEM）加顺铂（DDP）方案（GP方案）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效、Karnofsky评分及毒副作用。方法将160例晚期NSCLC患者随机分为治疗组（艾迪＋GP）和对照组（GP）。对照组应用GEM1 000 mg/m2分别于第1、8天静滴,DDP 25 mg/m2,静滴,第2~4天;治疗组同时加用艾迪注射液60 ml/d静滴,连用2周,3周为一周期。结果治疗组临床获益率（CR＋PR＋SD）86.7%,对照组临床获益率71.4%,差异有显著性（P=0.039）;两组治疗后Karnofsky评分提高率分别为64.4%和45.7%,差异有显著性（P=0.01）。两组恶心呕吐、白细胞下降、血小板下降发生率比较差异有显著性,肝功能毒副反应发生率、肾功能毒副反应发生率比较差异无显著性。结论艾迪注射液联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌可提高疗效,改善生活质量,降低化疗的毒副反应。     

GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC近期疗效比较

目的观察吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP方案）与长春瑞滨联合顺铂（NP方案）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及毒副反应。方法对89例经病理或细胞学证实的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者给予联合化疗,GP方案49例,NP方案40例,两组病例具有可比性。吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,静脉滴注第1、8天;顺铂25 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1~3天;长春瑞滨25 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1、8天。21 d为一个周期,每例患者治疗2周期以上。结果 GP组总有效率46.9%,NP组总有效率42.5%,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制。GP组Ⅲ~Ⅳ度血小板减少发生率显著高于NP组（P〈0.05）,而NP组Ⅲ~Ⅳ度白细胞减少发生率显著高于GP组（P〈0.05）。静脉炎发生率NP组显著高于GP组（P〈0.05）。结论 GP方案与NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）疗效肯定,毒性均可耐受。两方案疗效比较差异无显著性。     

培美曲塞治疗19例复发性晚期非小细胞肺癌

背景与目的：晚期复发的非小细胞肺癌治疗效果差,可选择的药物不多。本研究探讨培美曲塞单药或联合顺铂/卡铂治疗晚期复发性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效以及不良反应。方法：经病理学或细胞学确诊的复发性晚期NSCLC患者19例,其中男性9例,女性10例,中位年龄48岁,KPS评分≥70。单药治疗：培美曲塞500mg/m^2,第1天静脉滴注每3周重复;联合治疗：培美曲塞500 mg/m^2第1天＋顺铂60 mg/m^2第2天静脉滴注每3周重复;或培美曲塞500 mg/m^2第1天＋卡铂300 mg/m^2第2天静脉滴注每3周重复。至少2周期以上可评价疗效及不良反应。结果：19例中16例可评价疗效,全组无CR/PR病例,MR 2例,SD 10例,PD 4例,疾病控制率75%（12/16）。中位生存时间9个月,1年生存率为31%（5/16）。主要不良反应为粒细胞下降、贫血和胃肠道反应。结论：培美曲塞单药或联合铂类治疗晚期复发NSCLC疗效确切,不良反应发生率低,耐受性较好。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌56例临床观察

目的 观察吉西他滨(泽菲)联合顺铂组成的GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期疗效与安全性.方法 采用GP方案治疗晚期NSCLC 56例.吉西他滨1.0 g/m2,第1、8天,静脉注射;顺铂25 mg/m2,第1～3天,静脉注射,每21天为1个周期,至少2个周期.结果 近期疗效CR 0例,PR 23例,SD 22例,PD 11例,有效率为41.1%.初治组有效率为53.3%,显著高于复治组的26.9% (P＜0.05).毒副反应主要为可耐受的骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐和肝功损害.结论 GP方案对晚期NSCLC疗效较好,毒副反应轻,是晚期NSCLC,特别是初治者的有效治疗方案.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.