急性心肌梗塞表观粘度、全血粘弹性和泵功能关系初探

采用Low Shear—30流变仪,对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)和心绞痛(AP)各10例,在切变率(γ)范围0.376～128.5s~(-1)下测其表观粘度(ηa),并测定全血粘弹性参数(粘性分量η′、弹性分量η″、弹性模量G′和损失模量G″)和心脏泵功能参数,同时与正常人(NS)11例对照。结果:AMI组在高、中和低切变率下的ηa和上述粘弹性参数均高于AP组和NS组(P<0.05～0.01),泵功能参数(EF、SV、CO、LVET、PEP/LVET、HI和Cl)却低于AP组和NS组(P<0.05～0.01)。本文研究提示AMI的泵功能受损与其血液流变特性异常有关;纠正血液流变特性异常的方法或措施有利于AMI的治疗。     

肺心病患者的表观粘度,氧释放系数与血气的相关性分析

在37例慢性肺原性心脏病,包括急性期17例,缓解期20例的病人中对其血液流变学和血气的相关性进行研究。急性期病人的ηa(230.4/s)和ηa(5.76/s)、TK值、红细胞聚集指数和PaCO_2均明显高于缓解期病人组。急性期组中氧释放系数和pO_2低于缓解期组病人。ηa(230.4/s)与OD和pH呈密切负相关(r=-0.58,-0.40,P<0.01);ηa(5.76/s)与RA1呈密切正相关(r=0.828,P<0.001),上述规律见于急性期组。这些发现提示抗凝和血液稀释疗法对肺心病急性期是有用的治疗措措。     

家兔油酸中毒性肺水肿时血液流变性变化的动态观察

本文连续6 1/2小时观察了8只家兔油酸中毒性肺水肿的血液流变学变化。实验用新西兰白兔8只,1.5～2.5kg,耳缘静脉注入油酸0.1ml/kg,于注油酸前和注油酸后1/2h、1 1/2h、3 1/2h、6 1/2h分别采动脉血3ml。测量血液流变学指标的变化。发现注油酸后1 1/2h开始中切变率(46.0s~(-1))和高切变率(115.0s~(-1)和230.0s~(-1))的全血还粘度逐渐升高,与注油酸前相比有显著差异(P<0.05),至6 1/2h时升高更明显,与注油酸前相比有非常显著差异(P<0.01);同时,血浆粘度也逐渐升高,与注油酸前相比有显著差异(P<0.05)。此外,还测量到注油酸后血浆纤维蛋白原含量和全血血小板最大聚集率也呈逐渐升高趋势,但与注油酸前相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结果提示:家兔油酸中毒性肺水肿时血液呈高粘滞状态,这种血液流变学状态的改变对肺水肿的形成可能有一定的作用。     

Tourmaline纤维对高黏血症家兔血液流变性的影响

目的 研究Tourmaline纤维对高黏血症家兔血液流变性的影响。方法 用静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐(MW>140000)的方法复制高黏血症家兔模型。测定应用Tourmaline纤维(实验组,n=6)及对照纤维(对照组,n=6)前后高切(120s~(-1))、低切(20s~(-1))时全血黏度(锥板黏度计法)、血浆黏度(锥板黏度计法)、红细胞沉降率(温氏法)、血浆纤维蛋白原(浊度法)、红细胞变形(微孔滤膜法)的变化。结果实验组高黏血症家兔低切全血黏度在应用Tourmaline纤维6h后开始降低,与应用前比差异有显著意义(P<0.05),且持续24h。高切全血黏度仅在24h时出现明显降低(P<0.05)。其它指标实验前后变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论 Tourmaline纤维能降低高黏血症家兔的全血黏度,这可能是它改善微循环的机制之一。     

悬浮介质对红细胞变形性测量的影响

本文研究了悬浮介质粘度对激光衍射仪测量红细胞变形性的影响,所得结果表明:(1)在一定切变率下(800s~(-1),480s~(-1))DI-η曲线的高粘度区与前人(如D.R.Morris等)一致,但低粘度区有一极小值。(2)即使在相同切应力下,DI-η曲线相当复杂,特别是在低切应力水平更是如此,但是当η≥15cP时,DI趋于定值。(3)利用红细胞在切变流场中旋转、取向与变形时间尺度上的明显差异,可以把红细胞旋转取向的贡献从变形中区分出来。实验结果表明,低粘度DI-η复杂行为主要起因于红细胞的旋转和取向。文中对实验观测到的现象进行了讨论。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清一氧化氮水平和血液流变性变化

目的:检测分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清一氧化氮(NO)水平和血液流变学指标变化及与病程分期的相关性。方法:确诊COPD患者182例(COPD组),其中急性加重期88例,稳定期94例,另选健康体检者92例作为对照组;检测COPD组和对照组血清NO、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、全血高切(200s~(-1))和低切(3s~(-1))表观黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数和血浆黏度(200s~(-1)),分析上述指标的组间差异及与COPD分期的相关性。结果:COPD组患者血清NO和动脉血PaO2较对照组降低(P0.01),急性加重期患者较稳定期患者更低(P0.01);COPD组患者上述血流变指标较对照组升高(P0.01),急性加重期患者较稳定期患者更高(P0.01)。COPD组患者血清NO和动脉血PaO_2的降低与其病程分期的加重呈显著负相关(r=-0.641、-0.786,P均0.05);患者高切、低切表观黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数和血浆黏度的增加与其病程分期的加重呈显著正相关(r=0.563、0.572、0.643、0.485、0.526,P均0.05)。结论:血清NO和动脉血PaO_2降低及血液流变性异常是COPD病情加重的原因之一,可针对性治疗,使患者获益。     

女性幽门螺旋杆菌感染者血液流变性变化

目的:观察女性幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)感染者血液流变学指标的变化。方法:采用14C尿素呼气试验将83例女性体检者分为HP阳性(48例)和HP阴性(35例)两组,平行检测和分析两组血液流变学指标变化的差异。结果:HP阳性组的全血比粘度(ηb)和还原粘度(ηr)高于HP阴性组(P<0.01)。结论:HP感染可能影响血液流变学某些参数的改变而引起心脑血管疾病的发生。     

异丙基肾上腺素不同给药模式对小鼠心脏腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶活性的影响

目的:探讨β-肾上腺素受体(β-AR)激动剂异丙基肾上腺素(ISO)2种给药模式对小鼠心脏腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)活性的影响,以及AMPK激动剂在这2种模式中对心脏结构和功能的不同作用。方法:采用皮下植入微渗透压泵的方法给予雄性BALB/c小鼠持续14 d输注ISO(5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))以及每日皮下注射AMPK激动剂AICAR(250 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))。分别于植入泵14 d后和植入泵14 d并撤泵3 d后,利用超声心动图和血流动力学方法检测心脏功能并收集心脏样本。Western blot检测AMPK的磷酸化水平。结果:持续输注ISO14 d后心脏AMPK的磷酸化水平较对照组明显增加(P0.05),AICAR并不进一步增加AMPK磷酸化水平,反而有减少ISO引起的心脏AMPK磷酸化水平增加的趋势。AICAR明显抑制ISO引起的心脏重量增加。反映心脏收缩功能的左室短轴缩短率(FS)和左心室压力最大上升速率(+dp/dt_(max))在ISO组显著高于对照组(P0.05),AICAR并不进一步增加心脏收缩功能。反映心脏舒张功能的左室舒张末压(LVEDP)在各组并无明显改变。持续输注异丙基肾上腺素14 d并撤泵3 d后心脏AMPK的磷酸化水平与对照组的差异无统计学显著性。AICAR明显抑制ISO引起的心脏重量增加。+dp/dt_(max)在ISO组明显低于对照组(P0.05),提示收缩功能下降。AICAR+ISO组与ISO组相比,有增加+dp/dt_(max)的趋势。反映心脏舒张功能的LVEDP在ISO组明显升高(P0.05),提示舒张功能明显降低。而AICAR则显著改善了ISO引起的舒张功能异常(P0.05)。给予ISO后,AMPK磷酸化水平增加和心率增加的时间曲线一致,均为5 min开始升高,30 min开始下降至基础水平。结论:β-AR持续激动使AMPK活性持续升高,而撤泵后AMPK活性则降至对照水平。观察AMPK激动对心脏功能的改善作用需避免β-AR激动引起的正性变时变力效应的干扰。     

高血压微循环与体循环动力学临床研究系列——Ⅲ.高血压病血液流变学临床研究

本文对60例高血压病人血液粘度进行了研究,结果表明:(1)伴有左室肥厚的高血压病人,其血液粘度(高切变率血粘度、低切变率血粘度和血浆粘度)明显高于无左室肥厚者(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01);(2)高血压病人血浆粘度和低切变率血粘度与毛细血管阻力呈负相关关系(r=-54,P<0.01;r=-0.30,P>0.05);(3)高血压病人经硝苯吡啶、巯甲丙脯酸干预后尽管血压下降(P<0.01),但血液粘度不下降(P>0.05)。     

A型、B型血液屈服应力和红细胞聚集性初步探讨

血液屈服应力((τ_0)~(1/2))是血液由静止开始流动的最小切应力(τ),红细胞聚集性(RCA)影响((τ_0)~(1/2))和表观粘度(ηa),两者在不同型别血液中的表现及其相互关系未见报道。本文采取血库新鲜全血75例(男,37例,     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.