Perfusion CT assessment of the colon and rectum: feasibility of quantification of bowel wall perfusion and vascularization

The aim was to determine the feasibility of vascular quantification of the bowel wall for different anatomical segments of the colorectum. Following institutional ethical approval and informed consent, 39 patients with colorectal cancer underwent perfusion CT. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface area product (PS) were assessed for different segments of the colorectum: ascending, transverse, descending colon, sigmoid, or rectum, that were distant from the tumor, and which were proven normal on contemporary colonoscopy, and subsequent imaging and clinical follow up. Mean (SD) for BF, BV, MTT and PS for the different anatomical colorectal segments were obtained and compared using a pooled t-test. Significance was at 5%. Assessment was not possible in 9 of 39 (23%) patients as the bowel wall was ≤ 5 mm precluding quantitative analysis. Forty-four segments were evaluated in the remaining 30 patients. Mean BF was higher in the proximal than distal colon: 24.0 versus 17.8 mL/min/100g tissue; p=0.009; BV, MTT and PS were not significantly different; BV: 3.46 versus 3.15 mL/100g tissue, p=0.45; MTT: 15.1 versus 18.3s; p=0.10; PS: 6.84 versus 8.97 mL/min/100 tissue, p=0.13, respectively. In conclusion, assessment of bowel wall perfusion may fail in 23% of patients. The colorectum demonstrates segmental differences in perfusion.     

Computed tomography perfusion of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Initial results

OBJECTIVE: To define the computed tomography (CT) perfusion characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive patients with untreated squamous cell cancers of head and neck underwent CT of the head and neck along with CT perfusion imaging through the primary site. For the perfusion studies, CT density changes in blood and tissues were kinetically analyzed using the commercially available CT Perfusion 2 software (General Electric Medical Systems. Milwaukee, WI) on a GE Advantage Windows workstation. This yielded parameter maps of fractional tissue blood volume (mL/100 g), blood flow (mL x 100 g(-1) x min(-1)), mean transit time (s), and microvascular permeability surface area product (mL x 100 g(-1) x min(-1)). One head and neck radiologist analyzed perfusion data. Regions of interest (ROI) were placed over the primary tumor site, tongue base, and adjacent muscle groups. The average values of tissue blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT), and capillary permeability surface area product (CP) were then calculated for the tumor and compared with the average values for the tongue base and adjacent musculature. To determine a statistically significant difference between the tumor and muscle parameters, the Wilcoxon sign test, a nonparametric test for paired data, was employed. RESULTS: The average values of CP, BF, and BV were higher in primary tumor (41.9, 132.9, 6.2, respectively) than in tongue base or adjacent muscular structures. The MTT was reduced in primary tumors (4.0) compared with adjacent normal structures. The above differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We obtained baseline perfusion data for head and neck squamous cell cancers and compared it with adjacent normal structures. Our initial results suggest that CT perfusion parameters (CP, BF, BV, and MTT) can be used to help differentiate head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) from adjacent normal tissue.     

Advanced gastric cancer and perfusion imaging using a multidetector row computed tomography: correlation with prognostic determinants.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the perfusion CT features and the clinicopathologically determined prognostic factors in advanced gastric cancer cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A perfusion CT was performed on 31 patients with gastric cancer one week before surgery using a 16-channel multi-detector CT (MDCT) instrument. The data were analyzed with commercially available software to calculate tumor blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface (PS). The microvessel density (MVD), was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of the surgical specimens with anti-CD34. All of the findings were analyzed prospectively and correlated with the clinicopathological findings, which included histological grading, presence of lymph node metastasis, serosal involvement, distant metastasis, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging, and MVD. The statistical analyses used included the Student's t-test and the Spearman rank correlation were performed in SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: The mean perfusion values and MVD for tumors were as follows: BF (48.14+/-16.46 ml/100 g/min), BV (6.70+/-2.95 ml/100 g), MTT (11.75+/-4.02 s), PS (14.17+/-5.23 ml/100 g/min) and MVD (41.7+/-11.53). Moreover, a significant difference in the PS values was found between patients with or without lymphatic involvement (p = 0.038), as well as with different histological grades (p = 0.04) and TNM stagings (p = 0.026). However, BF, BV, MTT, and MVD of gastric cancer revealed no significant relationship with the clinicopathological findings described above (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The perfusion CT values of the permeable surface could serve as a useful prognostic indicator in patients with advanced gastric cancer.     

CT 灌注成像对胃癌评估的临床应用

目的：探讨 CT 灌注成像参数值与不同分化程度胃癌的相关性。方法应用64层螺旋 CT 对经手术病理证实的50例胃癌患者术前行灌注成像检查,获得灌注参数值,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和毛细血管表面通透性(PS);根据肿瘤细胞不同分化程度分成高、中、低分化3组,然后应用 SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果高分化胃癌组10例(20%),灌注参数：BF 值(mL·min-1·100 g-1)75.28±6.81,BV 值(mL/100 g)9.01±0.94,MTT 值(s)9.89±1.65,PS 值(mL·min-1·100 g-1)10.05±0.71;中分化胃癌组24例(48%),灌注参数：BF 值110.01±31.90,BV 值18.18±5.62,MTT 值9.81±3.69,PS 值40.08±15.82;低分化胃癌组16例(32%),灌注参数：BF 值138.59±38.09,BV 值21.08±4.11,MTT 值9.47±1.80,PS 值57.50±13.28。3组比较,BF、BV、PS 值在高分化与中分化组以及高分化与低分化组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),MTT 值在胃癌不同分化3组间差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论CT 灌注参数 BF、BV、PS 值可以作为胃癌恶性程度的评估指标。     

Differentiation of benign and malignant parotid tumors using deconvolution-based perfusion CT imaging: feasibility of the method and initial results

AIM: We evaluated the feasibility of perfusion CT (CTP) of the parotid gland and attempted to differentiate benign from malignant tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CTP was performed in 17 patients with benign tumors and 10 patients with malignant parotid tumors. Data were postprocessed by using deconvolution-based perfusion analysis. Postprocessing-generated maps showed blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and capillary permeability surface product (PS). Regions of interest were placed through the tumor site and the contralateral healthy parotid tissue. Ratios of the perfusion values between the tumors and the contralateral healthy structures were also calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined to compare the agreement between the two readers. RESULTS: Perfusion maps of all tumors were successfully obtained. High Pearson correlation coefficients comparing the two readers' visually measured abnormalities were observed (r=0.79-0.86, P=0.001) for all perfusion maps, The MTT and PS values between malignant and benign tumors were not significantly different. The BF and BV values were statistically significant different between the benign and malignant tumors (0.00相似文献   

兔VX2软组织肿瘤模型的建立与MSCT灌注成像研究

目的:建立软组织恶性肿瘤动物模型并研究MSCT灌注成像在软组织肿瘤中的应用价值.材料和方法:12只新西兰大白兔,双侧大腿近段注射VX2肿瘤组织悬液0.1ml,分别于肿瘤组织接种后第7、14、21、28天行CT平扫和灌注扫描,扫描图像经AW4.0工作站处理,计算并分析灌注图像和灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS).结果:所有兔大腿VX2肿瘤组织的BF、BV、PS值明显高于正常肌肉组织(P<0.001),而MTT值则明显低于正常肌肉组织(P<0.001).结论:MSCT灌注成像是一种准确且相对简捷的定量评估软组织肿瘤性病变血流灌注状态的功能成像方法.     

正常胰腺MSCT灌注成像与个体因素的相关性研究

目的:应用MSCT灌注成像技术,探讨正常胰腺CT灌注参数与年龄及体质指数(BMI)的相关性。方法:对符合正常胰腺纳入标准的35例患者按年龄及BMI分组,分别行16层螺旋CT胰腺灌注成像,三点测量各组胰腺的组织血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)和对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)值,取各组灌注参数平均值,按组别进行统计学分析。结果:①年龄组:44岁(包括44岁)以下组,胰腺BF、BV、PS及MTT灌注值分别为(172.92±77.63)ml/(100g.min)、(61.63±24.37)ml/100g、(175.08±150.44)ml/(100g.min)、(34.74±13.74)s;45～59岁组,其灌注值分别为(181.61±133.36)ml/(100g.min)、(52.30±24.19)ml/100g、(213.44±151.20)ml/(100g.min)、(39.70±15.35)s;60岁(包括60岁)以上组,其灌注值分别为(118.99±37.89)ml/(100g.min)、(45.62±9.40)ml/100g、(202.72±91.08)ml/(100g.min)、(32.17±9.00)s。②BMI组:体质指数为22以下(包括22)组,胰腺BF、BV、PS及MTT灌注值分别为(154.39±79.88)ml/(100g.min)、(52.92±23.79)ml/100g、(209.85±147.52)ml/(100g.min)、(36.51±13.01)s;体质指数为22以上组,其灌注值分别为(182.82±120.96)ml/(100g.min)、(59.66±18.72)ml/100g、(157.68±107.50)ml/(100g.min)、(33.96±14.52)s。相关性分析结果显示,年龄与BF间呈负相关(P<0.05),余胰腺各灌注参数值与年龄及BMI均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:胰腺的血流灌注,除血流量随年龄增长有逐步下降趋势外,其余受个体因素的影响小。     

Correlation between initial and early follow-up CT perfusion parameters with endoscopic tumor response in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx treated with organ-preservation therapy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current organ-preservation regimens for upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) require endoscopic procedures under general anesthesia to evaluate the tumor response. The purpose of our study was to determine whether CT perfusion (CTP) parameters correlate with response to induction chemotherapy as assessed by endoscopy under general anesthesia. METHODS: Nine patients with advanced (stage 3 or 4) SCCA of the oropharynx were enrolled in a nested phase 2 prospective trial in which induction chemotherapy was used to assess the tumor response. Patients underwent direct laryngoscopy and CTP before and 3 weeks after one cycle of induction chemotherapy. The outcome variables were the surgeon's estimate of tumor volume during endoscopy with biopsy under anesthesia and CTP parameters (capillary permeability (CP), blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), and mean transit time (MTT)). Wilcoxon rank sum analysis was used to correlate the baseline values of BF and BV with response to induction chemotherapy. Comparison of agreement between the reduction in tumor volume and change in CTP parameters was performed by using kappa estimates. RESULTS: Seven of 9 patients demonstrated > or =50% tumor volume reduction, representing positive response to induction chemotherapy. In the responder group, the following changes in mean pre- and postinduction chemotherapy values were noted: mean BF, 114.2 mL/100 g /min (preinduction) to 45.1 mL/100 g/min (postinduction); mean BV, 5.11 mL/100 g to 3.1 mL/100 g; mean CP, 25.6 mL/100 g /min (preinduction) to 18.3 mL/100 g / min (postinduction); mean MTT, 4.9 seconds (preinduction) to 8.0 seconds (postinduction). In the nonresponder group, the following changes were noted: mean BF, 56.9 mL/100 g/min to 75.9 mL/100 g/min; mean, BV 2.7 mL/100 g to 4.71 mL/100 g; mean CP, 24.1 mL/100 g/min to 23.7 mL/100 g/min; mean MTT, 4.3 seconds to 5.34 seconds. Higher baseline (pretherapy) values of BV showed significant correlation with endoscopic tumor response (P < .05). Reduction in the BV (by >/=20%) on follow-up studies also showed substantial agreement with clinical response as assessed with endoscopy (kappa = 0.73). The agreement between decreased BF, decreased CP, and increased MTT and clinical response was fair (kappa = 0.37). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results show that deconvolution-based CTP technique offers potential for noninvasive monitoring of response to induction chemotherapy in patients with oropharyngeal cancers. Percentage reduction of BV is significantly correlated to endoscopic response to induction chemotherapy, though we acknowledge that the data correspond to short-term outcomes and long-term durability of response cannot be established. Nevertheless, validation of the use of deconvolution CTP parameters as predictors of tumor response may permit replacement of an invasive diagnostic procedure conducted under anesthesia currently used to assess response with noninvasive perfusion CT imaging.     

16层螺旋CT胰腺癌灌注研究

目的探讨正常胰腺和胰腺癌的MSCT灌注成像特征。方法30例无胰腺疾病的患者和16例经病理证实的胰腺癌患者,采用16层螺旋CT进行灌注扫描,分别测量30例正常胰腺组织和16例胰腺癌肿瘤组织及周围正常胰腺组织的血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS)值,并进行分析。结果胰腺CT灌注的各项指标个体差异较大,但正常胰腺组织和癌周相对正常的胰腺组织的BF、BV、PS和MTT的平均值差异无显著性意义。正常胰腺组织和癌周相对正常胰腺组织的BV、BF高于胰腺癌组织,PS低于胰腺癌组织。胰腺癌周围相对正常胰腺组织与胰腺癌组织PS、BV和BF前后配对t检验差异更加明显。结论CT灌注成像技术对胰腺癌诊断具有重要的提示意义。     

兔VX2软组织肿瘤MSCT灌注成像与病理对照研究

目的对兔VX2软组织肿瘤进行MSCT灌注成像与病理对照研究,探讨MSCT灌注成像在软组织肿瘤中的应用价值。材料与方法8只新西兰大白兔,双侧大腿近段注射VX2肿瘤组织悬液0．1ml,分别于肿瘤组织接种后第14、21d行CT平扫和灌注扫描,扫描图像经AW4．0工作站处理,计算并分析灌注图像和灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS)。随后处死荷瘤兔,取出肿瘤行病理组织学检查,对其微血管密度(micro vascular density,MVD)进行测定,分析MSCT。功能参数图像与肿瘤MVD之间的关系。结果所有兔大腿VX2肿瘤组织BF、BV、PS值明显高于正常肌肉组织,且与肿瘤MVD呈正相关;而MTT值则明显低于正常肌肉组织,与肿瘤MVD无明显相关性。结论MSCT灌注成像是一种准确且相对简单、便捷的定量评估软组织肿瘤性病变血流灌注状态的功能成像方法。     

多排螺旋CT正常胰腺和胰腺癌灌注研究

目的:探讨正常胰腺和胰腺癌多排螺旋灌注成像特征。方法:30例无胰腺疾病的患者和16例经病理证实的胰腺癌患者,采用16层螺旋CT进行灌注扫描,分别测量30例正常胰腺组织和16例胰腺癌肿瘤组织的局部组织血流量(bloodflow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、毛细血管表面通透性(permeability surface area product,PS)和造影剂平均通过时间(meantransit time,MTT)平均值,并进行分析。结果:正常胰腺CT灌注成像特征表现为局部组织血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)和造影剂平均通过时间(MTT)均匀一致的实质性器官;胰腺癌的BF、BV和PS均明显比正常胰腺的测量值降低。结论:CT灌注成像技术对胰腺癌诊断具有重要的提示意义。     

CT灌注成像在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT灌注成像在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:选取40例甲状腺病变患者,良性组32例(24例甲状腺肿、8例甲状腺腺瘤),恶性组8例,均采用常规CT平扫和同层动态灌注扫描,计算出血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、表面通透性(PS)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP),比较两组患者各种灌注参数的差异。结果:良性组BF、BV、PS、MTT及TTP值分别为(126.9±11.58)ml/(100g.min)、(35.19±2.73)ml/100g、(35.70±2.35)ml/(100g.min)、(8.41±0.92)s、(16.47±1.66)s;恶性组分别为(66.32±4.68)ml/(100g.min)、(23.23±3.88)ml/100g、(38.12±2.08)ml/(100g.min)、(15.22±0.26)s、(10.89±0.87)s。良性组与恶性组各灌注参数比较,BF和MTT差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其它参数之间差异均无统计学意义;良性组结节之间灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CT灌注成像可对甲状腺结节微血管血流动力学状况进行量化评估,通过分析各种灌注参数的差异,对甲状腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有重要的价值。     

Perfusion characterization of liver metastases from endocrine tumors: Computed tomography perfusion

AIM: To assess prospectively parameters of computed tomography perfusion (CT p) for evaluation of vascularity of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors.METHODS: This study was approved by the hospital’s institutional review board. All 18 patients provided informed consent. There were 30 liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the appearance of the liver metastases at the arterial phase of morphological CT (hyperdense, hypodense and necrotic). Sequential acquisition of the liver was performed before and for 2 min after intravenous injection of 0.5 mg/kg contrast medium, at 4 mL/s. Data were analyzed using deconvolution analysis to calculate blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), hepatic arterial perfusion index (HAPI) and a bi-compartmental analysis was performed to obtain vascular permeability-surface area product (PS). Post-treatment analysis was performed by a radiologist and regions of interest were plotted on the metastases, normal liver, aorta and portal vein.RESULTS: At the arterial phase of the morphological CT scan, the aspects of liver metastases were hyperdense (n = 21), hypodense (n = 7), and necrotic (n = 2). In cases of necrotic metastases, none of the CT p parameters were changed. Compared to normal liver, a significant difference in all CT p parameters was found in cases of hyperdense metastases, and only for HAPI and MTT in cases of hypodense metastases. No significant difference was found for MTT and HAPI between hypo- and hyperdense metastases. A significant decrease of PS, BV and BF was demonstrated in cases of patients with hypodense lesions PS (23 ± 11.6 mL/100 g per minute) compared to patients with hyperdense lesions; PS (13.5 ± 10.4 mL/100 g per minute), BF (93.7 ± 75.4 vs 196.0 ± 115.6 mL/100 g per minute) and BV (9.7 ± 5.9 vs 24.5 ± 10.9 mL/100 g).CONCLUSION: CT p provides additional information compared to the morphological appearance of liver metastases.     

多层螺旋CT在肺癌诊断中的临床应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT与肺癌早期诊断及预后的关系。方法：对我院2007年4月～2008年7月拟诊肺癌的152例患者行多层螺旋CT扫描,评价CT对肺癌早期诊断的作用,比较肺癌CT灌注参数与肌肉组织灌注参数的差异。接受化疗、放疗或同步放化疗且符合疗效评价标准患者中观察治疗前后CT灌注参数是否有变化,评价CT灌注参数的变化在监测化放疗疗效,评价预后中有无价值。结果：CT检查鉴别诊断肺部肿物良、恶性的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为90．5％、86．7％、98．4％、50．0％、90．1％。肺癌患者肿瘤组织和肌肉组织的BF、BV、MTT、PS（均P〈0．01）。在NSCLC中,缓解组的BF、BV值高于未缓解组,（P〈0．05）;缓解组的MTT值较低、PS值略高（P〉0．05）。PS值升高组的无进展生存期和总生存期均低于PS值降低组（均P〈0．01）。结论：CT在肺癌早期诊断中具有一定临床意义,肺癌的BF、BV和PS值明显高于肌肉组织,MTT明显低于肌肉组织。PS值升高,提示预后不良。对于化疗后早期灌注值明显升高、PS值升高的患者,可望提示临床在出现肿瘤进展前考虑提早联合放疗或靶向治疗。     

CT灌注扫描在肝肿瘤的临床应用

目的 研究肝脏良恶性肿瘤多层螺旋CT各灌注参数的改变和良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断。资料与方法 100名受检者行肝血流的CT灌注扫描,其中良性肿瘤组15例,恶性肿瘤组81例,正常组4例。应用去卷积算法模式计箅相应病变区域的血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）、平均通过时间（MTT）、毛细血管通透性（PS）、肝动脉指数（HPI）和肝动脉灌注量（HAP）。根据不同肿瘤的相关参数图来评价良恶性肿瘤血流动力学状态。结果 81例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者HPI、BF及HAP明显高于良性肿瘤及正常组织,而MTT却明显降低;BV和PS值与良性肿瘤及正常组织无显著差异。结论 灌注参数HPI、BF、MTT和HAP可有效地评价肝脏肿瘤的血流状态,在肝脏良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断中有重要的临床应用价值。     

兔VX2肿瘤CT灌注与肿瘤微血管密度相关性研究

目的分析兔VX2软组织肿瘤CT灌注参数与肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)的相关性.材料与方法新西兰白兔8只,在双侧兔大腿接种VX2肿瘤,接种2周后CT灌注检查,然后单侧(右侧)局部大剂量放疗,左侧作为对照组.放疗后7～8 d做第二次CT灌注检查,随后取出肿瘤,用Weidner技术计算肿瘤标本的MVD.结果肿瘤的血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)和表面通透性(PS)的平均值均高于正常肌肉组织的相应值.VX2肿瘤放疗后,肿瘤MVD下降,BF、BV和PS值也随之下降,肿瘤的BF、PS、BV均与肿瘤MVD呈正相关.结论兔VX2肿瘤的BF、BV和PS均与肿瘤微血管密切相关,可作为反映肿瘤血管生成活性的替代指标.     

64层螺旋CT灌注成像评价直肠癌术后复发或瘢痕组织

目的:应用64层螺旋CT灌注成像研究直肠癌术后复发或瘢痕组织的血流灌注情况,判断各种灌注成像参数与直肠癌术后复发或瘢痕组织是否存在相关性。方法:20例T3、T4期直肠癌患者,手术前及手术后6个月行2次多层CT灌注成像,所有病例手术前均经肠镜证实。采用64层CT扫描机,动态电影模式扫描,所有数据经工作站软件处理,计算组织血流量(BF),血容量(BV),平均通过时间(MTT)和血管表面通透性(PS)。比较直肠正常部位与肿瘤组织、术前肿瘤组织与手术后软组织肿块各灌注参数的变化。结果:直肠癌组织BF值明显升高、MTT值明显降低,与正常直肠组织相比差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。术后复发肿瘤组织BF值明显升高、MTT值明显降低;术后瘢痕组织BF值明显降低、MTT值明显升高;复发组织与瘢痕组织BF、MTT值差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:64层螺旋CT灌注成像能有效评价直肠癌患者术后复发或瘢痕组织血管灌注情况的变化,对判断直肠癌术后复发具有重要价值。     

MSCT灌注成像在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的临床应用

目的 评价MSCT灌注成像对乳腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值.资料与方法 对20例乳腺肿瘤(包括15例乳腺癌和5例纤维腺瘤)的MSCT灌注成像进行回顾性分析.结果 乳腺癌组与对侧正常乳腺组间血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)和表面通透性(PS)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但MTT均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).纤维腺瘤组与乳腺癌组之间的BF、BV和PS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MTT均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).大于2 cm的乳腺癌的中心与边缘之间的BF、BV和 PS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05), MTT均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).小于2 cm的乳腺癌的中心与边缘之间的BF、BV、MTT和PS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MSCT灌注能反映乳腺病变的血液灌注特点,有助于乳腺良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断.     

Squamous cell cancer of hypopharynx and larynx - evaluation of metastatic nodal disease based on computed tomography perfusion studies

Background and purpose

In patients with squamous cell cancer metastatic disease in lymph nodes still remains the single most important negative predicting factor and when detected, it reduces overall 5-year survival by 50%.The aim of the study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) examination in order to differentiate malignant from non-malignant cervical lymph nodes in patients with squamous cell cancer of hypopharynx and larynx.

Material/Methods

This was a prospective three-center study. From November 2007 until March 2010 33 consecutive patients with squamous cell cancer of the hypopharynx and 27 patients with laryngeal cancer underwent computed tomography (CT) examination followed by CTP. During first part of examination 80 ml of contrast was administered, with flow rate 1 ml/s and 100 s delay; standard head and neck examination was performed. Next, perfusion images were acquired with the coverage of 8 cm and different groups of lymph nodes were evaluated – groups II, III, IV and V. Perfusion maps for basic parameters (blood flow [BF], blood volume [BV], mean transit time [MTT] and permeability surface [PS]) were reconstructed for all patients using dedicated software. The long and short axis diameters, the density of the node before and after contrast medium administration and average values of each perfusion parameter were calculated for every node separately. Results were compared with histologic analysis of resected nodes.

Results

Out of the total number of 293 nodes evaluated on CECT and CTP it was possible to correlate 208 resected nodes with histologic findings. 125 of them were proven to be malignant and 83 were benign.Malignant nodes showed remarkably higher density and hyperperfusion, comparing to benign ones. The average density values in Hounsfield units (HU) for cervical nodes were: 91.9 HU for metastatic comparing to 72.3 HU for non-metastatic, but this difference did not show statistical significance. The average value of BF in malignant nodes was 136.4 ml/100 g/min, BV was 7.7 ml/100 g, MTT was 4.4 s and PS was 19.4 ml/100 g/min. The average values for benign nodes were: BF was 80.7 ml/100 g/min, BV was 4.7 ml/100 g, MTT was 5.6 s and PS was 12.8 ml/100 g/min. Comparing to non-malignant nodes, malignant ones showed significantly higher BF, BV and PS values (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although CECT findings may draw our attention, pointing at abnormal morphology of the node, CTP seems to provide additional functional information regarding its possible malignancy. CTP may be useful in differentiation between malignant and benign lymph nodes, based on evaluation of the value of BF, BV and PS.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在食管癌诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像技术诊断食管癌的价值。方法:利用4层MSCT灌注成像技术前瞻性研究分析87例食管癌及40例非食管病变患者食管的各项灌注参数,包括血液流速(BF)、血流量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及表面通透性(PS)。结果:食管癌各项灌注参数值均高于正常食管的灌注参数值,其中MTT及BV在两者之间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),PS值有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:MSCT灌注成像技术在食管癌诊断中有积极的临床应用价值。