不同类型心绞痛患者病变血管斑块的血管内超声特征参数变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨不同类型心绞痛患者病变血管斑块的血管内超声(IVUS)特征参数变化及其临床意义。方法 选取郑州市第七人民医院2019年7月—2021年3月确诊的100例心绞痛患者，其中50例稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP组)和50例不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP组),两组患者均接受了灰阶IVUS、虚拟组织学血管内超声(VH-IVUS)检查，对比两组患者的IVUS超声参数指标和滋养血管特征参数。结果 SAP组罪犯血管的斑块面积、斑块负荷、斑块长度和血管重构系数测定值低于UAP组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05); SAP组的罪犯血管中斑块的坏死核心成分面积及所占面积百分比均低于UAP组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);UAP组冠状动脉斑块中的滋养血管条数高于SAP组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SAP组罪犯血管的最小管腔面积、外弹力膜面积与UAP组比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SAP组罪犯血管中斑块的纤维成分、纤维脂质、致密钙化成分所占面积大小及所占面积百分比与UAP组比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 UAP患者冠状动脉斑块中坏死核心成...     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

目的 应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)技术比较不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)和稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征.方法 对临床诊断的23例UAP和24例SAP患者,在完成冠状动脉造影并确诊冠心病后进行OCT检查.根据OCT结果 回顾性比较分析UAP和SAP患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征,包括富含脂质斑块(≥2个象限的脂质斑块)、斑块纤维帽厚度、薄纤维帽粥样斑块(TCFA)、斑块破裂、钙化和血栓等.结果 47例患者中有44例成功进行OCT检查,包括22例UAP和22例SAP患者.UAP患者冠状动脉富含脂质斑块为91%(20/22),多于SAP患者的73%(16/22),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.741).UAP患者冠状动脉脂质斑块表面纤维帽厚度明显小于SAP患者[(69.5±34.7)μm比(141.1±68.5)μm,P=0.000],纤维帽侵蚀比例为59%(13/22),明显多于SAP患者的9%(2/22,P=0.000);TCFA[73%(16/22)比14%(3/22),P=0.000]和斑块破裂[50%(11/22)比9%(2/22),P=0.003]多于SAP患者.UAP患者冠状动脉斑块表而可见血栓形成多于SAP患者,但差异无统计学意义[27%(6/22)比9%(2/22),P=0.761].在斑块钙化方面,UAP与SAP患者之间差异无统计学意义.结论 OCT技术可清晰显示冠状动脉粥样斑块特征.与SAP患者比较,UAP患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块表现为纤维帽更薄、更多的纤维帽侵蚀、更多的破裂斑块和TCFA.     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉斑块特征的血管内超声研究

目的:应用血管内超声(IVUS)比较急性心肌梗死(AMI)和稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者冠状动脉斑块特征。方法:AMI组患者45例和SAP组患者50例,接受冠状动脉造影及 IVUS检查。通过 IVUS评价斑块偏心指数、钙化、夹层/破裂、血栓、重构、斑块长度及面积等特征。结果: 两组患者斑块偏心指数及钙化差异无统计学意义,但AMI组血栓(20%)、夹层/破裂(33.3%)、正性重构(81.3%)、低回声斑块(64.4%)明显高于 SAP组分别为0,4.0%,53.4%,28.0%,P<0.05 或0.01;AMI组斑块长度[(17.2±9.8)mm]、斑块面积[(12.4±5.9)mm2]较SAP组[分别为(10.3±6.2)mm,(9.1±4.3 )mm2 ]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 或 0.01)。结论:血栓、夹层/破裂、正性重构、较长斑块长度、较大斑块负荷及低回声斑块为 AMI患者梗死相关斑块的特征,AMI发生与事件前斑块特征有关。     

稳定型心绞痛患者与不稳定心绞痛患者冠状动脉血管内超声特点的比较

目的:通过对稳定型心绞痛（SAP）与不稳定心绞痛（UAP）患者冠状动脉血管内超声（IVUS）测定,进行斑块定性及定量分析,比较不同心绞痛患者冠状动脉斑块影像学特征性改变。方法:分别对37例SAP患者与34例UAP患者行冠状动脉造影及IVUS影像学检查;分析冠状动脉斑块性质,测定最小面积处外弹力膜面积（EEMA）、管腔横截面积、斑块面积（PA）、斑块负荷、重构指数等指标,并对各指标进行统计学分析。结果:UAP患者冠状动脉病变脂质斑块数明显多于SAP患者（P＜0.05）,而钙化斑块例数在两组间未见显著性差异;定量分析显示两组患者EEMA未见显著差异,而斑块负荷（PA/EEMA）的比较中两组间有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。UAP患者病变处倾向于表现为正性重构,而SAP患者多为负性重构。结论:SAP与UAP冠状动脉病变斑块性质及血管重构存在差异,IVUS能有效反映冠状动脉病变斑块特点。     

血管内超声、64层螺旋CT及定量冠状动脉造影对不稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变的评价

目的 应用血管内超声(rvos)探讨不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)低、中及高危组患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的特点,评价定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)和64层螺旋CT(MDCT)的诊断价值.方法 采用IVUS、MDCT和QCA分析61例UAP患者(低危组17例,中危组33例,高危组11例)71支病变血管.分析比较3组患者斑块的形态学特点.根据IVUS斑块回声的强度,将斑块分为软斑块、纤维斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块,计算最小面积处斑块负荷,并分为≤50%、51%～74%及≥75%3类病变.以IVUS结果为标准,评价QCA计算血管狭窄程度的可信性,MDCT诊断3类病变的敏感性和特异性,及对斑块成分诊断的可靠性.结果 QCA可估计低危组和中危组患者的斑块负荷(低危组r=0.768,P<0.01;中危组r=0.721,P<0.01).高危组患者血管重构明显(冠状动脉重构指数=1.21±0.31),QCA低估了IVUS的斑块负荷[分别为(67±14)%、(75±16)%,r=0.551,P<0.01].MDCT对冠状动脉病变有较高的阴性预测值(87.8%-96.3%),但无法区分典型粥样硬化斑块内的纤维帽(kappa=0.245)及脂质核(kappa=0.235).3组患者IVUS斑块特点分析结果表明,随着危险度程度的增加,软斑块比例、血管正性重构程度、血管外弹力膜面积、最小管腔面积、斑块负荷、斑块破裂及血栓发生率逐渐增加.结论 QCA可以相对准确地评价UAP低危和中危组患者的冠状动脉狭窄程度,同时会低估高危组患者的病变程度.MDCT对于冠心病的诊断有非常高的阴性预测值可用于排除冠心病,但是无法可靠地区分粥样硬化斑块内的纤维帽及脂质核.IVUS检查显示软斑块、正性血管重构和最小管腔面积<4mm~2者可能为UAP高危组患者.     

冠状动脉梗死相关病变钙化与临床表现的关系

目的:探讨冠状动脉梗死相关病变钙化与临床表现的关系。方法:将经血管内超声(IVUS)检查发现有冠状动脉钙化的患者48例分为两组:急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组 28 例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组 20 例。对两组患者的冠状动脉梗死相关病变钙化进行测量及分析。结果:ACS组患者血管梗死病变处较SAP组患者相对缺乏,钙化两组的最大钙化弧度分别为(85.48±71.52)°,(152.00±103.08)°, P<0.05。ACS组的钙化斑块比例低于SAP组,57.14%∶83.33%,P<0.05;前者偏心斑块多于后者,93.88%∶54.17%, P<0.01;破裂斑块亦多于后者,42.86%∶8.33%,P<0.01。结论:ACS患者血管梗死病变处较SAP患者相对缺乏钙化,这有助于对ACS发病机制的理解,钙化的存在也有助于识别冠状动脉狭窄病变。     

血清甲壳质酶蛋白40水平与冠状动脉罪犯血管斑块易损性的相关性

目的探讨血清炎性因子高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血清甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)水平与冠状动脉病变斑块纤维帽厚度之间的相关性。方法入选择期行冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者60例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据冠心病的临床类型,将患者分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(22例)、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组(28例)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(10例)。检测患者术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平,术中在介入治疗前使用光学相干断层成像(OCT)观察病变斑块的特征,并分析血清hs-CRP、YKL-40水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度之间的关系。结果 (1)AMI组术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP组和UAP组(P均0.05)。UAP组术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP组(P均0.05)。(2)AMI组和UAP组的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均小于SAP组(P均0.05),AMI组与UAP组之间的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AMI组薄纤维帽斑块的比率和血栓形成的比率均高于SAP组和UAP组(P均0.05);AMI组斑块内钙化的比率低于SAP组(P0.05),与UAP组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)Pearson相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP(r=-0.265,P0.05)和YKL-40(r=-0.524,P0.01)水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均呈负相关;Spearman相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平与冠心病患者斑块破裂(r=0.462和r=0.499,P0.01)和血栓形成(r=0.218和r=0.263,P0.01)呈正相关。(4)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清YKL-40水平与薄纤维帽粥样斑块独立相关(OR=6.341,P0.05)。结论 AMI和UAP患者的血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP患者,AMI、UAP和SAP患者罪犯病变的纤维脂质斑块性质有明显差别,AMI患者出现薄纤维帽粥样斑块、斑块破裂及血栓形成的比例较高,而SAP患者出现斑块钙化的比例较高;血清YKL-40水平与冠心病患者罪犯病变的薄纤维帽粥样斑块形成独立相关。     

应用血管内超声显像技术评价高敏性C反应蛋白与不稳定型心绞痛的相关性

目的: 应用血管内超声（intravascular ultrasound,IVUS）技术探讨血清高敏性C反应蛋白（hsCRP）与冠心病不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）的关系。方法: 38例拟诊为冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography,CAG）和IVUS检查,其中8例患者经CAG和IVUS检查未发现冠脉有明显病变为对照组;30例经IVUS检查发现冠脉有明显狭窄病变,为冠心病组,其中UAP 18例、稳定型心绞痛（SAP）12例。检测所有患者的hsCRP浓度。结果: 38例患者均有不同程度的内膜增厚;8例对照组无动脉粥样硬化(AS)斑块;30例冠心病患者IVUS示有不同类型的AS斑块。UAP组患者血清hsCRP水平显著高于SAP组及对照组;不稳定斑块组hsCRP水平高于稳定斑块组。结论: UAP患者血清hsCRP水平明显增高,提示hsCRP水平升高与AS斑块不稳定有关。     

61例患者血管内超声结果的回顾性分析

目的:回顾性分析61例患者血管内超声(IVUS)的结果,明确IVUS临床意义。方法:对入选的61例患者IVUS术前均行冠状动脉造影,然后对病变部位斑块特点进行定性、定量分析。结果:2例患者血管壁光滑或仅少量内膜增生;34例为软斑块;10例纤维斑块;6例钙化斑块;支架内膜增生5例;斑块破裂2例;壁内血肿1例;动脉瘤样扩张1例。急性冠状动脉综合征以软斑块(脂质斑块)为主,多数发生阳性重塑,血管腔偏心明显;而阴性重塑者纤维、钙化斑块比例较大。比较中度狭窄病变的肉眼,计算机定量冠状动脉成像及IVUS测量的病变狭窄程度,发现肉眼观察的病变狭窄程度最高,IVUS测得的面积狭窄率最小。结论:与冠状动脉造影相比,IVUS能更加精细地观察血管壁的斑块性质和病变特点。     

血清YKL-40水平与冠状动脉罪犯血管斑块易损性的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清炎性因子——高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血清甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)水平与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变斑块纤维帽厚度之间的相关性。方法:入选2016-08-2018-08在河南省人民医院心内科择期行冠脉造影的冠心病患者60例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据冠心病的临床类型,将患者分为稳定性心绞痛(SAP)组(22例)、不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)组(28例)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(10例)。检测患者术前血清hs-CRP、YKL-40水平,术中在介入治疗前使用光学相干断层成像(OCT)观察病变斑块的特征,并分析血清hs-CRP、YKL-40水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度之间的关系。结果:①AMI组术前血清hs-CRP[(6.85±1.74) mg/L∶(3.86±0.18) mg/L∶(4.12±0.52) mg/L,均P0.05]和YKL-40[(65.16±24.34) ng/ml∶(38.65±10.36) ng/ml∶(54.81±20.58) ng/ml,均P0.05]水平均高于SAP组和UAP组。UAP组术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP组(均P0.05).②AMI组和UAP组的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均小于SAP组[(57.28±8.61)μm∶(68.56±16.57)μm∶(130.42±32.83)μm,均P0.05],AMI组与UAP组之间的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AMI组薄纤维帽斑块[80.00%(8/10)∶18.18%(4/22)∶60.71%(17/28),均P0.05]和血栓形成[30.00%(3/10)∶4.54%(1/22)∶10.71%(3/28),均P0.05]的比例均高于SAP组和UAP组;AMI组斑块内钙化的比例低于SAP组[10.00%(1/10)∶40.91%(9/22),P0.05],与UAP组[21.43%(6/28)]之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。③Pearson相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP(r=-0.265,P0.01)和YKL-40(r=-0.524,P0.01)水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均呈负相关;Spearman相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP水平与冠心病患者斑块破裂(r=0.462,P0.01)和血栓形成(r=0.218,P0.01)呈正相关,术前血清YKL-40水平与冠心病患者斑块破裂(r=0.561,P0.01)和血栓形成(r=0.239,P0.01)也呈正相关。④多因素logistic回归分析显示,血清YKL-40水平与薄纤维帽粥样斑块独立相关(OR=6.341,P0.01)。结论:AMI和UAP患者的血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP者,AMI、UAP和SAP患者罪犯病变的纤维脂质斑块性质有明显差别,AMI患者出现薄纤维帽粥样斑块、斑块破裂及血栓形成的比例较高,而SAP患者出现斑块钙化的比例较高;血清YKL-40水平与冠心病患者罪犯病变的薄纤维帽粥样斑块形成独立相关。     

Independent roles of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted and fractalkine in the vulnerability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques

Background:?Monocyte chemotactic factors contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The present study aimed to elucidate the roles of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and fractalkine on the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Methods and Results:?Sixty patients with AMI, 60 patients with UAP, 60 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 40 patients without coronary heart disease comprised the study group. Quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed. Concentrations and mRNA expression levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, MCP-1, RANTES and fractalkine were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. IVUS found that 51.3% of the AMI patients and 47.7% of the UAP patients had soft lipid plaques. Among the SAP patients, 52.4% had fibrous plaques and only 17.1% had soft plaques. AMI and UAP patients had larger plaque burden and vascular remodeling index than did the SAP patients (P<0.01). The averaged number of migrated monocytes was higher in AMI and UAP patients. Concentrations and mRNA expression levels of MCP-1, RANTES and fractalkine were significantly higher in AMI and UAP patients than in SAP patients (P<0.05-0.01). The plaque burden in UAP patients as measured with IVUS correlated well with monocytes chemotaxis (r=0.56, P<0.01). Conclusions:?MCP-1, RANTES and fractalkine independently participate in the pathogenesis of plaque vulnerability and subsequent plaque rupture. (Circ J?2012; 76: 2167-2173).     

稳定型心绞痛患者与急性冠状动脉综合征患者动脉粥样硬化斑块血管内超声对比

目的 应用血管内超声,对比稳定型心绞痛和急性冠状动脉综合征患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的特点.方法 对明确诊断为稳定型心绞痛患者(51例,冠状动脉造影显示病变位于63条血管)以及急性冠状动脉综合征患者(32例,冠状动脉造影显示病变位于46条血管)的动脉粥样硬化斑块形态学特点进行比较.结果 两组患者血管内超声发现,软斑块比例、血管重构指数、最小面积处血管外弹力膜面积、最小面积处斑块负荷和斑块破裂急性冠状动脉综合征组高于稳定型心绞痛组(P<0.05);但血栓检出率两组患者差异没有显著性(P>0.05).结论 目前临床工作中,人们只能半定性诊断易损斑块.如检出软斑块且位于重要血管的近端,不论病变的狭窄程度或检查发现任何斑块加正性血管重构和最小管腔面积≤4 mm+,为急性冠状动脉综合征患者易损斑块.需要尽早介入干预.     

冠心病患者外周血细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子表达量与斑块特征相关性分析

目的 分析冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者外周血细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)表达量与斑块特征的相关性.方法 选取2017年6月至2019年6月于山东第一医科大学附属济南人民医院心内科就诊的急性冠脉综合征患者(ACS组)82例和稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP组)57例作为研究对象,另选取同期于体检的健康...     

冠状动脉重构的血管内超声研究

目的应用血管内超声探讨冠状动脉重构的病变特征及其与临床表现的关系。方法39例急性冠脉综合征患者与45例稳定性心绞痛患者进行冠脉造影及血管内超声检查，对病变进行定性和定量测定。包括外弹力膜血管面积（EEMA）、最小血管内膜腔面积、斑块面积、斑块体积及斑块的性状和重构指数，根据血管内超声斑块的性状分为软斑块和硬斑块（包括纤维斑块、钙化斑块和混合斑块）。重构指数（RI）=病变处EEMA／平均参考血管处EEMA。若RI〉1．0为正性重构，RI〈1．0为负性重构。结果正性重构及负性重构两组年龄、性别及冠心病危险因素等无明显差别，急性冠状动脉综合征的患者更多的表现为正性重构（61．4％vs30．0％，P〈0．01）。稳定性心绞痛的患者更多的表现为负性重构（70．0％vs38．6％，P〈0．01）。与负性重构相比，正性重构一般狭窄程度较轻，但病变部位的血管面积及斑块面积较大[（17．8±7．0）vs（13．6±4．9）mm^2，（12．2±5．5）vs（9．5±4．8）mm^2，P〈0．01），同时正性重构多为偏心性软斑块，发生钙化的较少。结论正性重构及负性重构的病理特征不同，正性重构病变以软斑块及偏心性斑块多见，冠状动脉重构与临床表现及斑块特征有关。     

Impact of coronary artery remodeling on clinical presentation of coronary artery disease: an intravascular ultrasound study

OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between the features of the culprit lesion in coronary artery disease (CAD) and clinical presentation as shown by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). BACKGROUND: The association between coronary remodeling pattern and clinical presentation of CAD is unclear. METHODS: We analyzed 125 selected patients who underwent preintervention IVUS. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP) were categorized as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stable angina pectoris (SAP) and old myocardial infarction (OMI) as stable CAD. Coronary remodeling patterns and plaque morphology of the culprit lesion obtained by IVUS were analyzed in terms of their association with clinical presentation or angiographic morphology. RESULTS: Angiographically complex lesions were associated with ACS and OMI. In patients with a complex lesion, positive remodeling was observed more frequently than in those with a simple lesion. In AMI and UAP, positive remodeling was observed more frequently than in SAP and OMI (82% vs. 78% vs. 33% vs. 40%, respectively, p < 0.0001). The remodeling ratio was greater in AMI and UAP than in SAP and OMI (1.26 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.11 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.13, respectively, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, within ACS, the remodeling ratio was greater in AMI than in UAP (1.26 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.11 +/- 0.10, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas the frequency of positive remodeling was not different. CONCLUSIONS: Positive remodeling was more frequently observed in ACS than in stable CAD. Moreover, the degree of positive remodeling was greater in AMI than in UAP. These results may reflect the impact of remodeling types and its degree in the culprit lesion of CAD on clinical presentation.     

Comparison of levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with acute myocardial infarction versus unstable angina pectoris versus stable angina pectoris

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important for resorption of extracellular matrixes and may degrade the fibrous cap of an atherosclerotic plaque, thus contributing to coronary plaque rupture. Histologic studies have shown MMP expression in lesions of acute coronary syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the relation between plaque morphology as obtained by intravascular ultrasound before percutaneous coronary intervention and serum MMP levels in patients who had coronary artery disease. We enrolled consecutive 47 patients who had acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 23 who had unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 19 who had stable effort angina pectoris and underwent intravascular ultrasound before percutaneous coronary intervention followed by successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Peripheral blood was obtained from all patients before angiography and serum levels of MMP-1,-2, and -9 were analyzed. Serum levels of MMP-9 in the AMI and UAP groups were significantly higher than that in the stable effort angina pectoris group (p = 0.007 and 0.04, respectively). From the intravascular ultrasound findings before percutaneous coronary intervention, plaque rupture was detected in 26 patients (55%) in the AMI group and in 11 patients (48%) in the UAP group. In these 2 groups, patients with plaque rupture had significantly higher levels of MMP-9 than patients who did not have plaque rupture (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that MMP-9 was the only independent predictor of plaque rupture (p = 0.004). In conclusion, high levels of MMP-9 in patients who have AMI and UAP are related to the presence of plaque rupture in the culprit lesion.     

趋化因子促进冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的分子机制

目的 研究单核细胞趋化因子在动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定中作用的分子机制。方法 对50例稳定性心绞痛(SAP)和50例不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者分别进行冠状动脉造影(CAG)和血管内超声(IVUS)检查。应用Transwell小室检测2组患者血单核细胞的趋化活性,ELISA法检测血清中高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、T细胞表达和分泌因子(RANTES)和Fractalkine的水平,用实时PCR检测单核细胞中MCP-1、RANTES和Fractalkine的mRNA表达水平。结果 IVUS共检出SAP组85处斑块,UAP组90处斑块,其中,UAP组主要为脂质性斑块48％ (43/90),而SAP组主要为纤维性斑块54％ (46/85),脂质斑块仅占16％( 14/85)。与SAP组比较,UAP组斑块负荷和血管重构指数明显大于前者（P均＜0.01）。UAP组单核细胞趋化活性明显增强,单核细胞移动数量明显多于SAP组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。UAP组血清中hs-CRP、MCP-1、RANTES和Fractalkine水平明显高于SAP组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。UAP组MCP-1、RANTES和Fractalkine的mRNA表达水平明显高于SAP组(P＜0.05)。结论 单核细胞趋化因子MCP-1、RANTES和Fractalkine可能促进了冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定。     

血管内超声评价斑块稳定性及其与血清高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6的关系

目的 应用血管内超声技术探讨不稳定型心绞痛患者不稳定性斑块与血清高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6的关系.方法 38例拟诊为冠心病患者行血管内超声检查,其中8例患者经血管内超声检查未发现冠状动脉有明显狭窄病变为对照组;30例经血管内超声检查发现冠状动脉有明显狭窄病变为冠心病组,其中不稳定型心绞痛18例,稳定型心绞痛组12例.检测所有患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6水平.结果 38例患者均有不同程度的内膜增厚;8例对照组无动脉粥样硬化斑块;30例冠心病患者有不同类型的动脉粥样硬化斑块.不稳定型心绞痛患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6水平显著高于稳定型心绞痛组和对照组;不稳定性斑块组高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6水平高于稳定性斑块组.结论 不稳定型心绞痛患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6水平明显增高,提示高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素6水平升高与动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性有关.     

Plaque ruptures in stable angina pectoris compared with acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundPlaque rupture is more frequently observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) rather than in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Consequently, studies regarding plaque rupture, which occurred in SAP patients, are rare. Therefore, we evaluated the frequency and axial location of plaque ruptures in SAP patients and compared them with those in ACS patients.MethodsThree hundred ninety-two patients (231 ACS and 161 SAP patients) who were scheduled for coronary intervention underwent three-vessel intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) study. IVUS criteria for plaque rupture were a plaque contained a cavity that communicated with the lumen with an overlying residual fibrous cap fragment. Using motorized IVUS transducer pullback in all three coronary arteries, the distance between each coronary plaque rupture segment and the respective coronary ostium was measured.ResultsPlaque ruptures were detected in 206 of 392 patients who underwent three-vessel intravascular ultrasound examination. At least one plaque rupture in any coronary artery was noted in 48 (30%) SAP and 158 (68%) ACS patients (p < 0.001). In both ACS and SAP patients, plaque ruptures were clustered mainly in the proximal segments of the left anterior descending artery and in the proximal and distal segments of the right coronary artery.ConclusionsAt least one plaque rupture in any coronary artery was noted in 30% of SAP patients. Like in ACS patients, plaque ruptures were clustered mainly in the proximal segments of the left anterior descending artery and in the proximal and distal segments of the right coronary artery in SAP patients.