后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗困难的输尿管中上段结石

目的探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术在治疗困难的输尿管结石中的临床效果。方法 2006年6月～2010年6月,对51例困难的输尿管中上段结石行后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术。结石位于中段6例,上段45例,结石长径15～30mm。患侧均伴有不同程度的肾盂积水,轻度10例,中度35例,重度6例。术前26例有ESWL史7,例有输尿管镜碎石史。经后腹腔操作,分离出输尿管中上段,用尖刀或电钩切开输尿管并取出结石,通过trocar留置双J管并间断缝合输尿管切口。结果 51例手术均取得成功。手术时间55～200 min,平均90 min,出血量10～100 ml,平均30 ml。无感染、尿漏等并发症。术后住院3～9 d,平均6 d。术后复查KUB及B超无结石残留。随访6～12个月,B超示39例肾积水消失,12例中度积水,无输尿管狭窄和结石复发。结论后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管中上段结石效果确切,创伤小,并发症少,可作为ESWL和腔内碎石等治疗方法失败的难治性输尿管结石的首选方法。     

腹腔镜手术治疗输尿管结石33例报告

目的 探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的安全有效性.方法 33例输尿管中上段结石均采用后腹腔镜下输管切开取石术.其中,26例有体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)或输尿管镜下碎石(URSL)治疗史,结石直径0.7～2.1 cm.结果 33例手术均成功,手术时间30～120 min,平均55 min;术中出血20～80 ml,平均40 ml;随访6～12 个月,肾积水减轻,无并发症.结论 后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术是安全有效的微创技术,患者术后恢复快,尤其适合其他方法治疗失败的输尿管结石.     

后腹腔镜下输尿管中上段切开取石术

目的:探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的技术要点和临床价值。方法:采用后腹腔镜完成31例输尿管中上段切开取石术,结石直径10～25mm。结果:31例手术全部成功,手术时间50～180min,平均100min,术中出血20～60ml,29例随访6～30个月,无中远期并发症。结论:后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术是一种有效而微创的技术,随着技术的不断完善和普及,可基本取代常规的开放肾盂输尿管中上段切开取石术。     

后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石34例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗输尿管结石的适应证、手术技巧和临床效果。方法回顾分析采用后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗的34例输尿管结石患者的临床资料，其中输尿管中上段结石30例，中段结石4例。4例术前行体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）无效，3例行输尿管镜取石术失败，其余术前未行其他治疗。结石直径10～25mm。结果34例患者取石均成功，21例随访6～18个月，患者肾积水均明显好转，无结石复发和输尿管狭窄。结论后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术可作为ESWL或输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石失败的补救措施。     

腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的应用体会(附62例报告)

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的适应证、手术技巧及临床效果。方法:回顾分析腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂、输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石62例患者的临床资料,其中肾盂结石8例,输尿管上段结石50例,中段结石4例。术前6例行体外冲击波碎石术(extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy,ESWL)无效,5例行输尿管镜取石术失败,余未行其他治疗。结石直径10～25mm。结果:62例腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术均获成功,手术时间35～120min,平均50min;术中出血5～30ml,平均15ml。无输血及中转开腹,术后漏尿4例。术后5～7d拔除后腹膜腔引流管,术后住院6～8d。随访55例6～18个月,肾积水均明显好转,无结石复发和输尿管切开处狭窄。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术可作为ESWL或输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石失败的补救措施,具有安全、可靠、创伤小、净石率高等优点。治疗较大的中上段输尿管结石尤其炎性包裹的结石可作为首选方法。     

后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术87例报告

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2008年3月～2013年10月行后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术87例的临床资料,包括输尿管中段结石3例,上段结石84例,均为单发结石,长径13～27 mm,平均21．5 mm。结果手术均获成功,输尿管结石全部一次取净,无中转开放手术。手术时间50～180 min,平均80 min。术中损伤腹膜1例,术后皮下气肿3例,高碳酸血症1例,漏尿1例。术后随访3～12个月,腰痛等症状完全缓解,无输尿管狭窄和结石复发。结论后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术结石清除率高,并发症少,术后恢复快,手术安全可靠。     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗复杂性输尿管中上段结石11例报告

2004年1月～2005年6月,我们行后腹腔镜输尿管中上段切开取石术治疗复杂性输尿管中上段结石11例,均获成功,无并发症,现报道如下.     

后腹腔镜技术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石临床分析

目的:探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的适应证选择及手术技巧。方法:回顾性分析2009年3月～2011年12月术前确诊为复杂性输尿管上段结石并行后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术29例患者的临床资料。结果:29例手术均获得成功,手术时间60～180min,平均98.6min;术中出血20～50ml,平均35ml。术后无严重并发症发生。随访2～34个月,患者肾输尿管积水均明显好转,无结石复发和输尿管吻合处狭窄等并发症。结论:后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术安全有效,可以作为体积较大、位置较低或经其他微创治疗失败的复杂性输尿管上段结石首选的治疗方法。     

后腹腔镜治疗输尿管上段结石并发重度肾积水

目的:探讨经后腹腔镜治疗输尿管上段结石并发重度肾积水的临床疗效。方法:对单侧输尿管上段结石并发重度肾积水10例患者行经后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术。结果:10例手术均成功,取净输尿管结石,无一例中转开放手术。手术时间60~150min,平均80min。术中出血量20~40ml,平均25ml。肠功能恢复时间18~42h,平均34h。无一例漏尿。随访4~20个月,平均11个月,B超检查证实肾积水减轻,结石无复发,输尿管无狭窄。结论:经后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石并发重度肾积水效果确切,损伤小,术后恢复快,有望部分替代传统的开放性输尿管切开取石术。     

后腹腔镜治疗复杂性输尿管中上段结石170例体会

目的 探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy,RLUL)治疗复杂性输尿管中上段结石的可行性、疗效及手术技巧.方法 总结研究2008年9月至2011年12月我们采用RLUL术治疗170例复杂性输尿管中上段结石患者的临床资料.结果 164例手术取得成功,手术时间60～150min,平均80.4min,出血量10～80ml,平均25.7ml.术后住院4～8d,平均6d.无感染、尿漏等并发症.术后复查KUB及B超示无结石残留.随访6～35个月,KUB及B超提示120例肾积水消失,29例轻度积水,15例中度积水,均无结石复发和输尿管狭窄.结论 RLUL是治疗复杂性输尿管中上段结石安全有效的方法,具有创伤小、出血极少、恢复快、并发症少等优点,可作为ESWL或输尿管镜以及经皮肾镜等治疗失败后处理复杂性输尿管结石的一线治疗方法.     

TMIVX-SC10封堵器在输尿管镜碎石术中的应用

目的探讨TMIVX-SC10封堵器在输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管结石中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2010年5月~2013年3月采用输尿管镜结合TMIVX-SC10封堵器治疗输尿管结石患者378例,其中上段结石196例,中段结石153例,下段结石29例,结石直径为8~20 mm。结果本组手术时间平均43(28~56)min。成功封堵362例输尿管镜手术,均一次性彻底击碎结石,未有效封堵的16例术中改为输尿管软镜行钬激光碎石。术中无一例患者出现输尿管穿孔或输尿管粘膜撕脱,无明显大出血。术后随访4~12周,腹部平片或B超提示无明显有意义结石残留(残留结石直径小于3 mm),肾积水明显改善。结论 TMIVX-SC10封堵器能显著减少输尿管镜碎石术中结石上移,有效缩短手术时间,是一种值得普及和推广的方法。     

Impact of stone size, location, composition, impaction, and hydronephrosis on the efficacy of holmium:YAG-laser ureterolithotripsy

OBJECTIVES: The impact and outcome of holmium:YAG-laser (Ho:YAG) ureterolithotripsy in treating proximal and distal ureteral stones was investigated. METHODS: A total of 543 patients harbouring proximal (n=194) or distal (n=349) ureteral stones underwent semirigid Ho:YAG ureterolithotripsy. The degree of hydronephrosis; stone size, location, impaction, and composition; and complication and stone-free rates were recorded. RESULTS: Mean stone size for proximal and distal stones was 7.1+/-3.6 mm and 6.2+/-2.5 mm, respectively. The stone-free rate on the first postoperative day was 79.4% for proximal and 96.8% for distal stones (p<0.0001). For proximal stones <10mm and > or =10mm, respectively, the stone-free rate was 80.5% and 74.3% (p=0.4) and for distal stones 97.3% and 94.3% (p=0.2). Stone-free rates for radio-opaque versus radiolucent stones in proximal stones were 79.6% versus 77.9% (p=0.8) and 97.6% versus 96.2% in distal stones (p=0.5). Impaction correlated significantly with stone-free rates (p<0.0001). Stone-free rates for nonimpacted versus impacted proximal stones were 85.8% versus 67.2% (p=0.003) and for distal stones 99.2% versus 91.4% (p<0.003), respectively. The presence or degree of hydronephrosis did not correlate with treatment success (p=0.4, p=0.8). The presence of intraoperative complications correlated significantly with proximal compared to distal ureteral stone location (p=0.004). Auxiliary measures in proximal versus distal stones were performed in 20.6% versus 2.9% (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this series, stone-free rates in Ho:YAG ureterolithotripsy were significantly higher in distal and nonimpacted stones but were independent of stone size and composition and the degree of hydronephrosis. Ureterolithotripsy in proximal stones was associated with higher intraoperative complication and retreatment rates compared to distal stones.     

Calcium nephrolithiasis and distal tubular acidosis in type 1 glycogen storage disease

A 36-year-old man was admitted to hospital due to right flank pain as a result of ureteral stones. He had been followed up for type 1 glycogen storage disease since the age of 11 years. He had four episodes of spontaneous stone birth during the previous 2 years, and each stone was composed mainly of calcium oxalate. Intravenous pyelography showed right hydronephrosis due to ureteral stones and bilateral multiple renal stones. We carried out transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL) on the right ureteral stones. The composition was a mixture of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated the association of distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). These observations suggest that hypocitraturia and distal RTA are strongly correlated to recurrence of calcium nephrolithiasis. The patient's serum uric acid and urinary citrate excretion levels normalized after allopurinol and potassium citrate administration.     

Transurethral ureterolithotripsy under hydraulic ureteral dilatation

Transurethral ureterolithotripsy was performed in 32 patients with ureteral stones. A rigid ureteroscope was used and for the purpose of ureteral dilatation a hydraulic ureteral dilator (Ureteromat) was used. In total 39 stones were treated and of these 30 stones (77%) were successfully extracted or disintegrated. The success rate according to the location of the stone was as follows; 50% for the upper ureteral stone, 55% for middle ureteral stone and 96% for lower ureteral stone. As a complication of the procedure a lower ureteral stricture was noted in one patient. Hydraulic ureteral dilatation is a useful method of ureteral dilatation in transurethral ureterolithotripsy.     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术

目的探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析我院3年来经后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术25例患者临床资料。其中,男13例,女12例;年龄23～67岁,平均46．7-8．7岁。均为单侧结石,其中左侧7例,右侧18例。结石直径7～15mm。经超声、IVU、CTU、MRU等明确诊断。所有病例术中均留置双J管。结果25例手术全部成功。手术时间67—180min,平均87．7±20．5min,住院时间5-8d,平均6．3d。随访时间1个月-3年,平均1．1年,无并发症发生。结论后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术安全性高、效果好,是治疗输尿管结石的有效方法之一。     

Holmium:YAG laser ureteroscopic lithotripsy for ureteric calculi in children: predictive factors for complications and success

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of age, stone size, location, radiolucency, extraction of stone fragments, size of ureteroscope and presence and degree of hydronephrosis on the efficacy and safety of holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy in the ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral stones in children.

Methods

Between October 2011 and May 2013, a total of 104 patients were managed using semirigid Ho:YAG ureterolithotripsy. Patient age, stone size and site, radiolucency, use of extraction devices, degree of hydronephrosis and size of ureteroscope were compared for operative time, success and complications.

Results

In all, 128 URS were done with a mean age of 4.7 years. The mean stones size was 11 mm. Success rate was 81.25 %. Causes of failure were 12.5 % access failure, 1.5 % extravasation and 4.7 % stone migration. Overall complications were 23.4 %. Failure of dilatation and extravasation were detected only in children <2 years old. Extravasation was significantly higher in smaller ureters and cases with stone size >15 mm. Stone migration was significantly higher in upper ureteric stones.

Conclusions

Failure and complications rates in Ho:YAG ureterolithotripsy were significantly affected by younger age (<2 years), upper ureteric stones and smaller ureters but were not related to stone radiolucency or degree of hydronephrosis. Larger stones (>15 mm) were associated with increased complications. After multivariate analysis, the age of the patients remained significant predictor for failure of dilatation and stone migration, while size of the ureter was the only significant predicting factor for failure.     

Management and follow-up of impacted ureteral stones

INTRODUCTION: Impacted stones are those that remain unchanged in the same location for at least 2 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 42 patients with impacted ureteral stones, and followed them for two and a half years to check for long-term results. The calculi location included all three segments of the ureter (proximal, mid and distal). Patients' age ranged from 22 to 83 years (mean 52.5 years). Primarily, patients were manipulated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in situ, or following stenting. If the result was not satisfactory, then we proceeded to retrograde ureteroscopy and ureterolithotripsy. Open ureterolithotomy was our final choice. RESULTS: Thirty-six of the 42 patients (85.7%) were stone-free without the need of an open procedure. Follow-up period ranged from 10 up to 40 months, with a median period of 30 months and was achieved in 30 patients (71.4%). Stone recurrence was noted in 4 cases, while hydronephrosis without evidence of stone presence in 2. CONCLUSIONS: The initial approach for the treatment of impacted lithiasis should be attempted by ESWL. If this fails, alternative therapeutic solutions such as endoscopy can result in removal of the stone.     

Two cases of ammonium acid urate urinary stones related to anorexia nervosa and laxative abuse

We report two cases of urolithiasis related to anorexia nervosa and laxative abuse. Case 1: A 21-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of left flank pain. A left ureteral stone, 10 x 6 mm in size, was successfully fragmented by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), but she experienced repetitive formation of bilateral urinary stones and double J stent encrustation which required 13 sessions of ESWL, one session of transurethral ureterolithotripsy and one session of cystolithotripsy over a period of 5 years. All stones were comprised of pure ammonium acid urate. It was later revealed that she was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa at 15 years old and had suffered from laxative abuse (bisacodyl, 300-500 mg/day) ever since. Case 2: A 18-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of left lower abdominal pain. A left renal stone, 15 x 10 mm in size, was successfully fragmented by ESWL, but she had double J stent encrustation which was managed by cystolithotripsy. All stones were comprised of pure ammonium acid urate. She was later diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and it turned out that she had suffered from an eating disorder and laxative abuse (bisacodyl, 200 mg/day) since the age of 15 years. Both patients had marked decrease in urine volume, hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Anorexia nervosa and laxative abuse should be suspected whenever a woman has an ammonium acid urate stone in sterile urine because the treatment of these disorders is crucial to the prevention of repetitive formation of urinary stones.     

Long-term follow-up results of TUL (transurethral ureterolithotripsy)

We experienced 112 cases of urolithiasis treated with transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL) between December, 1985 and September, 1988. We analyzed 35 patients treated with TUL and who had come to our hospital to be examined by cystography, renal ultrasonography, plain X-ray, and urinalysis more than 3 months later. The follow-up term ranged from 3 to 30 months after TUL. The patients were treated using a 12Fr Stortz rigid lithotripter or flexible uretero-fiberscope with electrohydraulic lithotripter. Urinalysis, kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray (KUB), ultra-sonography and cystogram were the main disciplines for follow-up. Urinalysis revealed 4 cases of hematuria, 3 cases of hematopyuria and 2 cases of pyuria. KUB showed no newly formed stones, but 2 cases of ureteral stones had moved from the kidneys. Renal ultrasonography demonstrated no hydronephrosis of operated side, except for 1 case of mild hydronephrosis, who had had severe hydronephrosis preoperatively. We searched for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in 34 of the long-term follow-up patients after TUL, but no VUR was seen on their cystograms. No significant late complications of TUL were observed. No harmful effects of ureteral dilation during transureteral operation were found even in long-term follow-up patients.