骶麻下经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术

目的:探讨骶麻下经直肠超声引导行前列腺穿刺活检术的应用价值。方法:我院为60例前列腺特异抗原(pros-tate specific antigen,PSA)>4ng/ml、直肠指检异常或B超示异常回声的患者采用前列腺穿刺活检术。其中研究组30例采用骶管内麻醉经直肠超声引导行前列腺穿刺活检术,45～86岁,平均68岁,PSA<4ng/ml4例,4～10ng/ml10例,>10ng/ml16例;对照组30例采用直肠指检压迫下穿刺或表麻下行经直肠B超引导下穿刺活检,50～84岁,平均70岁,PSA<4ng/ml3例,4～10ng/ml9例,>10ng/ml18例。结果:研究组18例检出阳性,阳性率60%,患者术中无痛;对照组10例检出阳性,阳性率33%,术中患者均有不同程度的疼痛。结论:采用骶麻下经直肠超声引导行前列腺穿刺活检术准确性高,无疼痛表现,更易被患者接受,值得临床推广应用。     

PSA〉10ng／ml时经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的临床分析

目的探讨当PSA〉10ng／ml时经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值。方法对120例前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）〉10ng／ml的患者行超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检。结果120例患者中前列腺癌患者46例,前列腺增生患者44例,前列腺炎患者9例,前列腺上皮内瘤（PIN）患者19例,前列腺梗死患者3例。有38例出现一过性肉眼血尿;发热16例;败血症5例;无血精、前列腺脓肿等并发症发生。结论PSA〉10ng／ml不能作为前列腺穿刺活检的绝对指征,应该综合考虑DRE、TRUS、PSA,提高穿刺阳性率,同时避免不必要的穿刺。     

经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺315例分析

目的 探讨经直肠超声（TRUS）引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺的临床意义。方法 对315例PSA〉4ng／ml、直肠指检异常或B超发现异常回声的患者行经会阴的6点系统加异常回声处活检。年龄43～91岁，平均72岁。PSA〈4ng／ml者66例，4～10ng／ml者96例，10～20ng／ml者90例，〉20ng／ml者63例。结果 穿刺活检证实为前列腺癌111例，阳性率35．2％。PSA〉4ng／ml、指检异常、B超发现异常回声及PSAD〉0．15者穿刺阳性率分别为43．4％（108／249）、42．9％（75／175）、32．8％（63／192）及52．1％（75／144）。以PSAD〉0．15时的阳性率为最高，与其余3种标准相比差异有统计学意义。结论 TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺准确率高，并发症少而轻，是诊断前列腺癌的重要方法。     

超声引导下经直肠系统性12＋1针前列腺穿刺活检术

目的探讨超声引导下经直肠系统性12＋1针前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法回顾性分析816例经直肠前列腺系统性12＋1针穿刺活检的可疑前列腺癌患者。其中PSA＜4ng／ml、直肠指诊发现结节者66例;PSA介于4～10ng／ml、f／tPSA值异常、PSAD值异常者190例;PSA〉10ng／ml、任何f／tPSA、PSAD值者560例。结果816例患者中活检病理确诊为前列腺癌者358例,总阳性率为43．9％（358／816）。其中位于前列腺尖部阳性者235例,占确诊病例总数的65．6％（235／358）。术后发热9例（1．0％,9／816）,并发血尿49例（6．0％,49／816）。几乎所有患者皆有短时大便带血。无其他严重并发症发生。结论超声引导下经直肠系统性前列腺12＋1针穿刺活检术定位准确,创伤较小,并发症较少。可以随机增加穿刺点,利于提高前列腺癌检出率。     

经直肠超声引导下“10+X”点法前列腺穿刺活检术在PSA值介于4～20ng/ml之间患者前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨经直肠超声引导下“10 +X”前列腺穿刺活检术在PSA值介于4 ～20ng/ml之间患者前列腺癌诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析226例血清PSA值介于4～20ng/ml之间疑似前列腺癌患者临床资料,所有患者均行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺术活检。结果 前列腺癌47例,前列腺增生158例,前列腺炎11例,前列腺上...     

经直肠超声引导下“6+X”点法前列腺穿刺活检术在PSA值＞20ng/ml患者前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨经直肠超声引导下“6+X”前列腺穿刺活检术在PSA值＞20ng/ml之间患者前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析57例血清PSA值＞20ng/ml之间疑似前列腺癌患者临床资料,所有患者均行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺术活检.结果 前列腺癌54例,急性前列腺炎3例.结论 经直肠超声引导下“6+X”前列腺穿刺活检是诊断PSA值＞20ng/ml之间患者前列腺癌的一种安全有效的检查方法.     

超声造影结合直肠B超在经会阴前列腺穿刺活检中的应用（附87例报告）

目的：探讨微泡造影剂结合经直肠多普勒超声（contrastenhancedtransrectualultrasound,CE-TRUS）在经会阴前列腺穿刺活检中的临床意义。方法：对87例前列腺疾病患者在CE-TRUS后行经直肠B超引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检,穿刺标准依据2007年新修订的《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》确定．先行彩色多普勒超声检查。了解并记录前列腺局灶性病变部位、大小、数目、回声特征及彩色多普勒血流等情况。结果：87倒确诊为前列腺癌和前列腺增生者分别为52例和35例,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．617）。而以PSA≤20ng／ml和PSA〉20ng／ml为标准行分层分析,发现PSA≤20ng／ml者在CE-TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺阳性率高（P=0．041）。结论：CE-TRUS后经直肠B超引导下行经会阴前列腺穿刺活检是诊断前列腺癌的重要方法;PSA≤20ng／ml者结合CDTRUS行前列腺穿刺活检能提高前列腺癌穿刺阳性率。     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术诊断单纯前列腺特异抗原增高型前列腺癌

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术诊断单纯前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)增高型前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析84例接受经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术的患者资料。所有患者直肠指诊及常规超声检查结果均为阴性。根据血清PSA分为4组:A组24例,PSA 4~20ng/ml;B组8例,PSA 21~30ng/ml;C组32例,PSA 31~100ng/ml;D组20例,PSA100ng/ml。结果 84例患者穿刺术后均未出现并发症。49例穿刺病理诊断为前列腺癌(49/84,53.33%),其中A组检出1例(1/49,2.04%),B组检出4例(4/49,8.16%),C组检出24例(24/49,48.98%),D组检出20例(20/49,40.82%)。A、B、C、D组中前列腺穿刺活检阳性率分别为4.17%(1/24)、50.00%(4/8)、75.00%(24/32)、100%(20/20),差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.143,P0.05)。结论经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术并发症少,对单纯PSA增高型前列腺癌具有较高的阳性率。     

经直肠超声引导下重复穿刺活检在前列腺癌高危人群中的诊断价值(附45例分析)

目的探讨经直肠超声（TRUS）引导下重复穿刺活检在前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）升高或直肠指检阳性的前列腺癌（PCa）可疑人群中的诊断价值。方法在首次穿刺活检诊断为前列腺良性病变的45例Pca高危人群中开展TRUS引导下10点重复穿刺活检。平均年龄78（58-92）岁；45例患者PSA均大于2．6ng／ml，其中12例直肠指检异常。结果在45例前列腺重复穿刺的患者中，34例穿刺2次，8例穿刺3次，3例穿刺4次；确诊Pca 10例（22．2％），良性前列腺增生32例，慢性前列腺炎3例。结论在Pca高危人群中开展TRUS引导下重复穿刺可以提高Pca的诊断率。     

超声造影经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺活检术在PSA 4~10 ng/ml患者中的作用

目的探讨超声造影经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺活检术（CETRUS-PB）在PSA 4~10 ng/ml患者中的作用。 方法2016年1月至2018年12月，番禺中心医院82例泌尿外科收治的PSA 4~10 ng/ml的患者根据自愿原则被分入系统性经直肠超声前列腺穿刺活检术组（STRUS-PB）和CETRUS-PB组，比较两组穿刺的效率、视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）以及并发症。 结果CETRUS-PB与STRUS-PB组在PSA 4~10 ng/ml的患者中穿刺阳性率差异无统计学意义（P=0.147），两组穿刺针数、Gleason评分以及视觉疼痛评分的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），两组均未出现严重并发症。 结论在PSA 4~10 ng/ml患者中，CETRUS-PB不能显著提高穿刺阳性率，但可以提高穿刺的精准度，减少穿刺针数，减轻痛苦。     

Efficacy of periprostatic nerve blockade during ultrasound-guided transrectal 10-core biopsy of the prostate

PURPOSE: We examined the efficacy and safety of periprostatic nerve blockade during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transrectal ultrasound guided 10 core biopsy of the prostate was performed in 116 consecutive men. From March 2002 to July 2003, 58 men underwent biopsy of the prostate without local anesthesia (control group). From August 2003 to March 2004, 58 men received periprostatic nerve blockade before prostate biopsies (anesthesia group). A 4-ml dose of 1% lidocaine was injected at 2 or 3 locations on each side of the prostate via a 23 gauge needle. Pain during biopsy was questioned using a 5-point Face scale and complications were also recorded. RESULTS: The average pain score during biopsy was 1.9 in the anesthesia group versus 3.1 in the control group (p<0.001). In the anesthesia group 20.7% of patients had a pain score 3 or greater than 3 versus 69% in the control group. The complication rate showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic nerve blockade is a safe and effective method of anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy.     

前列腺穿刺活检术中不同麻醉方法有效性和安全性比较

目的 比较3种麻醉方法 在经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检过程中的有效性和安全性.方法 2006年7月至2008年10月,120名因前列腺特异抗原和(或)直肠指检异常接受前列腺12针穿刺活检的患者随机分为4组,每组30例.A组为对照组,未接受任何麻醉;B组在超声引导下于左、右两侧精囊与前列腺交接处分别注射1%利多卡因5ml行前列腺神经阻滞术(PNB);C组在PNB之前5 min直肠内涂抹复方利多卡因凝胶;D组在PNB之前于前列腺两侧叶内分别注射1%利多卡因2 ml.穿刺结束后对患者进行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),并随访7 d了解并发症情况.结果 超声探头进入直肠时C组患者的VAS为(2.7±1.1)分,低于其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其他3组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).穿刺过程中D组患者的VAS为(3.9±1.3)分低于其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其他3组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各组患者并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PNB及直肠内利多卡因凝胶局部麻醉不能明显减轻前列腺穿刺过程中的痛苦,PNB联合前列腺内局部麻醉是安全有效的.     

超声造影检查在经会阴前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影检查在经直肠超声引导下(CE-TRUS)经会阴前列腺穿刺活检中的临床应用价值.方法 病例选择标准:①直肠指检异常;②PSA>10 ng/ml;③PSA 4～10 ng/ml,f/t PSA异常或PSAD值异常,符合以上之一者即入围此研究.共116例入选者,年龄50～84岁,既往均无前列腺手术病史.行6点系统加异常回声处活检,其中PSA＜10ng/ml者25例,10 ng/ml～者25例,20 ng/ml～者11例,>30 ng/ml者55例.行CF-TRUS经会阴前列腺穿刺活检,彩色多普勒超声检查并记录前列腺局灶性病变部位、回声特征及彩色多普勒血流等情况,其中43例行前列腺超声造影,了解并记录异常血流部位.结果 116例患者穿刺活检证实前列腺癌64例,BPH 52例.43例行超声造影检查后活检者,前列腺癌和BPH分别为25及18例,造影组和非造影组前列腺癌穿刺阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.622).PSA≤30ng/ml组共61例,其中行超声造影23例,发现前列腺癌8例,未造影组38例中发现前列腺癌5例,造影组穿刺阳性率高于非造影组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.046);PSA>30 ng/ml患者造影和非造影穿刺阳性率(97.1%与85.0%)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.095). 结论与B超引导下经直肠前列腺活检相比,CE-TRUS经会阴前列腺穿刺活检并发症少而轻.PSA≤30ng/ml患者结合超声造影检查能提高前列腺癌穿刺阳性率.     

经直肠超声引导13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术160例报告

目的　探讨经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。　方法　对 160例直肠指诊阳性和 (或 )PSA >4ng/ml的患者行经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术。即在标准的经直肠超声引导 6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术同时 ,增加前列腺中间部位及前列腺两侧旁正中线远侧的穿刺点数 ,共穿刺活检 13点。将增加的 7点活检部位病理结果与标准的 6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术进行比较。　结果　 160例患者中确诊为前列腺癌者 5 6例 ( 3 5 % )。 5 6例患者如按 6点穿刺方法 ,将有 12例患者漏诊 ,占 2 1%。 160例患者均未出现严重并发症。　结论　经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率     

超声引导前列腺12针系统穿刺活检术

目的　探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺12针系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。　方法　对220例行经直肠B超引导下前列腺12针(在传统6针基础上增加前列腺两侧外周带外侧底、中、尖部各1针)系统穿刺活检术的患者资料进行回顾性分析。　结果　前列腺癌患者73例(33. 2% ),临床分期T1 4例、T2 21例、T3 15例、T4 33例,如按传统6针穿刺方法穿刺,检出率为31. 4%,将有4例早期癌(T1 3例、T2 1例,体积均<0. 5ml)患者漏诊, 6针较12针穿刺漏诊早期癌16% (4 /25)。220例患者均未出现严重并发症。　结论　12针较6针系统穿刺活检可以增加早期癌和小体积癌( <0. 5ml)的检出,应重视对前列腺外周带外侧6点的穿刺。     

Periprostatic local anesthesia before transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy

PURPOSE: We prospectively assessed the safety and efficacy of periprostatic local anesthesia before transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 178 consecutive men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy at our institution were enrolled in this study. From January to June 2001, 84 men underwent prostate biopsy without anesthesia (control group). From July to December 2001, 94 men received local anesthesia before prostate biopsies (anesthesia group). A 5-ml dose of 1% lidocaine was injected into the periprostatic nerve plexus on each side via a 22 gauge needle at 3 minutes before the procedure. Pain during and after biopsy was assessed using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). Complications were evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The average pain score during biopsy was 3.18 in the anesthesia group versus 4.16 in the control group (p = 0.0067), while average pain score on the next day was 2.12 and 2.25, respectively (p = 0.7451). In the anesthesia group 13% of patients had a pain score > 5 versus 34% in the control group (p = 0.0043). The complication rate showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Periprostatic lidocaine injection is a safe and effective method of anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy.     

INTRARECTAL LIDOCAINE DURING TRANSRECTAL PROSTATE BIOPSY: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED TRIAL

PURPOSE: Recent reports have indicated the benefit of anesthesia during prostate biopsy. To assess this finding objectively we performed a prospective randomized double-blind study to compare patient pain with and without local anesthesia during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2000 and March 2001, 108 men undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate were randomized in double-blind fashion to receive intrarectal 2% lidocaine gel or intrarectal lubricant alone. No patient received pre-procedure narcotics or sedation. Pain associated with biopsy was determined using a horizontal linear visual analog pain scale. Pain scores in the 2 treatment groups were compared and possible predictors of increased pain were examined. RESULTS: The 2 groups were similar in demographic characteristics. There was no significant difference in pain score in the 2% lidocaine and lubricant alone groups (28.3 versus 28.9 mm., p = 0.88). Previous biopsy, time since previous biopsy, physician, number of biopsies and prostate volume did not correlate with pain score, while age correlated negatively with the score (r = -0.27, p = 0.005). A single complication involving a vasovagal episode resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Intrarectal lidocaine gel provides no significant therapeutic or analgesic benefit compared with lubricant alone for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate. In younger patients more discomfort is associated with this procedure.     

术前导尿降低经直肠前列腺活检术中尿道损伤

目的研究术前导尿对经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术中尿道损伤发生的作用。方法经直肠前列腺穿刺活检患者100例,其中50例术前留置导尿管,其余50例不留置导尿,通过观察术后血尿情况,进而对比两组患者术中尿道损伤发生率。结果术前留置导尿患者肉眼血尿发生率为28%（14/50）,不留置导尿患者为60%（30/50）,两者差异显著。结论术前留置导尿能够降低经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术中尿道损伤的发生。     

Safety and morbidity of first and repeat transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsies: results of a prospective European prostate cancer detection study

PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluate the safety, morbidity and complication rates for first and repeat transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective European Prostate Cancer Detection Study 1,051 men, with total prostate specific antigen between 4 and 10 ng./ml., underwent transrectal ultrasound guided sextant biopsy plus 2 additional transition zone biopsies. Biopsy samples were also obtained from suspicious areas identified during transrectal ultrasound and digital rectal examination. All 820 patients with biopsy samples negative for prostate cancer underwent re-biopsy after 6 weeks. Immediate and delayed (range 1 to 7 days) morbidity, patient satisfaction and complication rates were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 1,051 subjects the initial biopsy was positive for prostate cancer in 231 and negative, including benign prostatic hyperplasia or benign tissue, in 820. Of these 820 patients prostate cancer was detected in 10% (83) on re-biopsy. Minor or no discomfort was observed in 92% and 89% of patients at first and re-biopsy, respectively (p = 0.29). Immediate morbidity was minor and included rectal bleeding (2.1% versus 2.4%, p = 0.13), mild hematuria (62% versus 57%, p = 0.06), severe hematuria (0.7% versus 0.5%, p = 0.09) and moderate to severe vasovagal episodes (2.8% versus 1.4%, respectively, p = 0.03). Delayed morbidity of first and re-biopsy was comprised of fever (2.9% versus 2.3%, p = 0.08), hematospermia (9.8% versus 10.2%, p = 0.1), recurrent mild hematuria (15.9% versus 16.6%, p = 0.06), persistent dysuria (7.2% versus 6.8%, p = 0.12) and urinary tract infection (10.9% versus 11.3%, respectively, p = 0.07). Major complications were rare and included urosepsis (0.1% versus 0%) and rectal bleeding that required intervention (0% versus 0.1%, respectively). Furthermore, an age dependent pattern of pain apprehension during biopsy was observed with the highest scores in patients younger than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is generally well tolerated with minor morbidity only rarely requiring treatment. Re-biopsy can be performed 6 weeks later with no significant difference in pain or morbidity. Patients younger than 60 years should be counseled in regard to a higher level of discomfort, and local and topical anesthesia if desired.