人工股骨头置换与锁定钢板内固定治疗老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的 探讨人工股骨头置换与锁定钢板内固定治疗老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效差别.方法 自2005年3月～2006年10月,笔者采用人工股骨头置换与锁定钢板治疗老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折68例,人工股骨头置换29例(关节置换组),锁定钢板39例(锁定钢板组).比较两组术中指标(手术时间、出血量、输血量),术后并发症(内科并...     

不同手术方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)、解剖型锁定钛板(LCP)内固定和加长柄双极人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 454例老年股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS内固定182例,LCP内固定201例,人工股骨头置换71例。结果 DHS、LCP、人工股骨头置换组手术时间相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);内固定组(DHS、LCP组)术中出血量、卧床时间相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术中出血量少于人工股骨头置换组,卧床时间明显长于人工股骨头置换组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);末次随访Harris评分优良率DHS组明显低于LCP、人工股骨头置换组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LCP是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折比较理想的内固定方式,人工股骨头置换术也是一种正确的选择,但适用于75岁以上不稳定且合并重度骨质疏松骨折。     

三种内固定方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的 总结不同的内固定方法 在治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折中的体会.方法 对老年股骨粗隆间骨折86例分别采用内固定治疗,其中锁定加压钢板43例,股骨近端髋内钉(PFN)24例,动力髋螺钉(DHS)19例.结果 随访6～60个月.三组患者在术后下地负重时间、手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间等方面比较差异有统计学意义(P <0...     

四种手术方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效研究

目的 探讨4种不同的手术方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2013年12月间在本组接受手术治疗的132例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,其中动力髋螺钉(DHS)组41例,股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)组35例,Gamma钉组30例,人工股骨头置换术组26例。对其手术时间、手术出血量、术后下地负重时间、患髋功能恢复及术后并发症等作比较分析。结果 132例患者中127例获得随访(DHS组38例,PFNA组33例,Gamma钉组30例,人工股骨头置换术组26例),随访时间12~72个月,平均28.4个月。人工股骨头置换术在手术后下地负重时间短于其他3组(P<0.01);PFNA手术时间、术中出血量少于其他3组(P<0.01);1年后患髋功能4组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 DHS、PFNA、Gamma钉和人工股骨头置换术4种手术方法均能有效治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折。PFNA更适合于更需要短手术时间的手术耐受力差的患者;人工股骨头置换术适合于更需要早期活动以减少并发症的患者。     

不同方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效评估

目的 对比分析不同方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效及其安全性.方法 对128例股骨粗隆间骨折分别应用PFNA、DHS、Gamma钉内固定及人工股骨头置换术治疗.结果 127例获随访3～24个月,平均16个月.人工股骨头置换组在切口长度、手术时间、出血量等方面与PFNA、Gamma钉组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),髓内固定组创伤小、手术时间短、出血量少,与DHS组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PFNA、DHS、Gamma钉内固定术及人工股骨头置换术均是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法,对高龄患者行人工股骨头置换术可早期下地活动,减少严重卧床并发症.     

人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉内固定治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折临床对比分析

[目的]对比人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果,并分析两者的优缺点.[方法]收治72岁以上高龄股骨粗隆间骨折76例,其中采用DHS 49例,人工股骨头置换27例,记录手术时间、术中和术后出血量、下床活动时间、早期Harris评分以及半年、2年后Harris评分及术后并发症.[结果]随访24～48个月.人工股骨头置换组可有较早的下床活动和早期良好的Harris评分,但是,无论在手术时间上,还是在手术中和术后出血量比较上人工股骨头置换组均明显高于DHS内固定组;6个月后的Harris评分两者无明显差异.[结论]高龄股骨粗隆间骨折仍应以内固定治疗为首选措施,应慎重选用人工股骨头置换术,严格掌握其适应证.     

两种方法治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效比较

[目的]比较人工股骨头置换与股骨近端髓内针(PFNA)治疗高龄患者不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。[方法]54例高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折患者随机分为人工股骨头置换术组(A组)及PFNA固定术组(B组)。对两组患者的出血量、手术时间、负重行走时间、髋关节功能及术后并发症等指标进行统计学分析。[结果]两组的手术出血量及手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但在术后早期负重活动、Harris评分及术后并发症方面,人工股骨头置换组优于PFNA固定组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]相对于PFNA固定组,人工股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折具有卧床时间短,术后并发症少,早负重及关节功能恢复快等优点。     

股骨头置换与DHS内固定术治疗老年人股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折的前瞻性对比研究

目的 前瞻性研究比较人工股骨头置换术与DHS内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折的预后.评价加长骨水泥型股骨柄股骨头置换治疗股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折的效果.方法 自2001年12月～2007年12月,共收治老年股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折109例,男59例,女50例,年龄70～94岁,平均80.7岁.随机选择股骨头置换或DHS内固定,人工股骨头置换术48例(置换组),DHS内固定61例(内固定组).骨折类型按Evens分型:Ⅲ型54例,Ⅳ型45例,Ⅴ型10例.随访时比较两组治疗方法的住院天数、术中X线暴露次数、手术时间、出血量、术后卧床时间、并发症发生率、髋关节功能、日常生活能力和Barthel生活质量指数.结果 本组87例得到随访,时间3个月～5年,平均15.7个月,内固定失效后有2例行人工股骨头置换术治疗.内固定组在术中出血量方面有优势外,置换组在住院天数、术中X线暴露次数、术后卧床时间、并发症发生率、髋关节功能、Barthel生活质量指数等方面与内固定组比较有显著优势(P<0.05).结论 人工股骨头置换术疗效较好,生活质量较高,可以成为治疗老年股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折的主要方法.     

三种手术方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的比较研究

[目的]分析单边外固定支架、DHS与锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.[方法]2004年1月～2009年12月,采用单边外固定支架、DHS、锁定钢板内同定3种方法治疗133例股骨粗隆间骨折患者.采用回顾性方法,分析临床资料及疗效.其中单边外固定支架固定治疗(A组)41例,DHS内固定治疗(B组)47例,锁定钢板内固定治疗(C组)45例,从骨折愈合、负重时间、并发症发生率、手术时间、平均住院时间及髋关节功能恢复情况(优良率)等方面对3种不同固定方法进行比较评价,并作统计学分析.[结果]3组病例均获随访,随访时间8～31个月,平均16个月.骨折愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；负重时间及并发症比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3种方法中,切口长度、手术时间、出血量均以单边外固定支架组最短、最少,DHS组和锁定钢板组在手术切口长度、手术时间、出血量、术后引流量方面比较差异无统计学意义,平均住院时间3组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).髋关节功能比较,锁定钢板组优于DHS组和单边外固定支架组(P＜0.05).[结论]锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,负重时间早,髋关节功能恢复好,并发症率低,是治疗粗隆间骨折的较好方法.     

PFNA、PF-LCP和人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的比较分析

目的比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)、股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(PF-LCP)和人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 48例老年股骨粗隆间骨折分别采用PFNA内固定19例、PF-LCP内固定15例和人工股骨头置换术治疗14例,并就平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后髋关节功能Harris评分优良率进行比较。结果 PFNA组平均手术时间、术中出血量明显少于PF-LCP组和人工股骨头置换组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组术后切口引流量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PFNA组和人工股骨头置换组术后Harris评分优良率明显优于PF-LCP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PFNA内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折具有创伤小、出血少、内固定牢固、术后髋关节功能恢复满意等优点,是疗效较好的治疗方法。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.