后方Pilon骨折的诊断及后侧入路T形支撑钢板固定的疗效观察

目的探讨后方Pilon骨折诊断及后侧入路T形钢板内固定治疗该类骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法经后外侧、后内侧或联合入路,依次复位塌陷的骨软骨骨折块、后内侧骨折块和后外侧骨折块、T形支撑钢板固定治疗后方Pilon骨折18例。结果 18例均获得随访,随访时间11~36个月,平均16个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间11周。根据Baird-Jackson(1987)踝关节功能评分系统对术后11个月以上的踝关节功能进行评分:优13例,良4例,可1例,平均94分。结论后侧入路T形支撑钢板治疗后方Pilon骨折效果良好。     

后内侧入路切开复位钢板螺钉内固定治疗后Pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨后内侧入路切开复位钢板螺钉内固定手术治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-05—2016-05采用后内侧入路切开复位钢板螺钉内固定治疗的42例后Pilon骨折,末次随访时采用踝关节功能AOFAS评分、踝关节骨关节炎评分、疼痛VAS评分评价疗效。结果术后即刻X线片显示39例骨折获得解剖复位,3例骨折关节面出现台阶(分别为0.5、0.8、1.0 mm)。42例均获得随访,随访时间平均18.6(12～29)个月。切口均一期愈合,随访期间无骨折复位丢失与内固定失败发生。骨折均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均13.4(12～16)周。末次随访时踝关节功能AOFAS评分为80～96分,平均87.5分;踝关节骨关节炎评分为0～2分,平均0.4分;休息状态下踝部疼痛VAS评分平均0.6(0～2)分,运动状态下踝部疼痛VAS评分平均0.8(0～4)分。结论采用后内侧入路切开复位钢板螺钉内固定治疗后Pilon骨折显露直接、操作方便,骨折可获得解剖复位,术后踝关节功能恢复满意,值得临床推广应用。     

仰卧位内后侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折

目的 探讨仰卧位内后侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折的临床疗效.方法 2005年1月至2008年12月采用仰卧位内后侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗21例胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折患者,男14例,女7例;年龄23～61岁,平均43.5岁.骨折类型:单纯内侧劈裂骨折7例,同时合并外侧平台骨折14例.受伤至手术时间为5～12 d,平均7.6 d.结果 17例患者术后获平均16.4个月(12～20个月)随访,4例失访.17例患者骨折均获愈合,X线片示骨折愈合时间平均为14.2周(11～16周),完全负重时间平均为16.4周(13～20周).术后12个月改良美国特种外科医院膝关节评分平均为87.6分(70～95分).无内固定失败患者.结论仰卧位内后侧入路可直接复位和固定内后侧骨块、减少软组织损伤、避免膝内侧皮肤坏死、可在同一体位下处理外侧平台及允许早期活动膝关节,是一种治疗胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折的良好手术入路.     

仰卧位内后侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折

目的 探讨仰卧位内后侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折的临床疗效.方法 2005年1月至2008年12月采用仰卧位内后侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗21例胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折患者,男14例,女7例;年龄23～61岁,平均43.5岁.骨折类型:单纯内侧劈裂骨折7例,同时合并外侧平台骨折14例.受伤至手术时间为5～12 d,平均7.6 d.结果 17例患者术后获平均16.4个月(12～20个月)随访,4例失访.17例患者骨折均获愈合,X线片示骨折愈合时间平均为14.2周(11～16周),完全负重时间平均为16.4周(13～20周).术后12个月改良美国特种外科医院膝关节评分平均为87.6分(70～95分).无内固定失败患者.结论仰卧位内后侧入路可直接复位和固定内后侧骨块、减少软组织损伤、避免膝内侧皮肤坏死、可在同一体位下处理外侧平台及允许早期活动膝关节,是一种治疗胫骨平台内后侧劈裂骨折的良好手术入路.     

后外侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗后Pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨后外侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-01—2017-08采用后外侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗21例后Pilon骨折。骨折复位情况采用Burwell-Charnley标准评定,末次随访时疗效采用踝关节功能AOFAS评分标准评定。结果 21例均获得随访,随访时间平均16.5(6~24)个月。术后骨折复位情况采用Burwell-Charnley标准评定:17例解剖复位,4例复位尚可。骨折临床愈合时间平均2.1(2~3)个月。末次随访时踝关节功能AOFAS评分平均84.5(58~94)分,其中优13例,良6例,可2例。术后1例出现切口感染,经积极换药后愈合。1例术后出现切口周围和足背麻木感,应用神经营养药物治疗,术后4个月症状逐渐消失。3例术后持续疼痛不适,取出内固定物后恢复良好。结论后Pilon骨折采用后外侧切口支撑钢板内固定可取得满意疗效,手术入路清晰,能够充分显露骨折并复位,创伤小;支撑钢板固定能够较好地维持骨折复位,有利于患者早期功能锻炼。     

胫骨远端后侧解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗后Pilon骨折的疗效分析

[目的]分析胫骨远端后侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效。[方法]2015年3月~2016年3月收治15例后Pilon骨折患者,采用后外侧入路应用胫骨远端后侧解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗。根据AOFAS评分标准评价踝关节功能。[结果]15例均获得随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均18.5个月。术后骨折均临床愈合,踝关节功能基本恢复正常。优10例,良3例,可2例,差0例,优良率86.7%。[结论]对于后Pilon骨折,尤其伴有腓骨骨折采用后外侧入路应用胫骨远端后侧解剖型锁定钢板固定是一个较好的选择,疗效满意。     

后侧入路钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折

目的 探讨胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折的手术入路及固定方法.方法 对8例胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折采用后内侧或(和)后外侧入路切开复位钢板内固定并植骨治疗,观察其疗效.结果 8例术后获12～24个月(平均16.4个月)随访,骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间11～18周,平均15周,术后12个月膝关节功能评定按Hohl评分标准:优5例,良2...     

经后侧入路支撑钢板固定治疗胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折

目的探讨后侧入路支撑钢板固定治疗胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折的手术方法、骨折类型及临床疗效。方法2004年7月～2005年7月,采用后侧入路支撑钢板固定治疗11例胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折患者,男8例,女3例;年龄29～48岁,平均37．6岁。其中后内侧劈裂骨折3例,后外侧劈裂骨折4例,后内、后外侧同时累及4例。结果11例患者术后获12～24个月(平均17．4个月)随访,骨折均获愈合。X线愈合时间平均为14．1周(11～16周),完全负重时问平均为16．2周(13～24周)。术后即刻Rasmussen评分平均为16．8分,术后12个月膝关节HSS评分平均为85．4分(68～95分),优良率为90．9％。术后12个月膝关节活动度平均为1．8°～122．3°。所有患者术后即刻及术后12个月胫骨平台内翻角及内、外侧胫骨平台后倾角度数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。术后1例患者出现切口裂开,1例患者发生切口皮缘部分坏死,均经保守治疗痊愈。1例患者术后出现小腿内下方感觉麻木。无螺钉松动、断裂及内固定失败等其它并发症发生。结论后侧人路支撑钢板固定是治疗胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折的一种有效方法,但要熟悉胭窝区解剖结构、正确掌握手术适应证。     

膝关节后内侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗胫骨后侧平台骨折

目的探讨膝关节后内侧入路支撑钢板内固定治疗胫骨后侧平台骨折的手术技巧及手术治疗效果。方法对15例胫骨后侧平台骨折采用取膝关节后内侧倒L形切口入路切开复位支撑钢板内固定手术治疗。结果 15例均获随访6~48个月,平均15.5个月。末次随访时膝关节功能HSS评分:优10例,良4例,可1例。结论膝关节后内侧入路支撑钢板内固定胫骨后侧平台骨折简便有效、安全,该入路是手术治疗胫骨后侧平台骨折的有效路径。     

经后侧入路支撑钢板固定治疗胫骨远端Ⅲ型后柱骨折

目的 介绍胫骨远端后柱骨折的概念、解剖、分型,探讨后侧入路支撑钢板固定治疗胫骨远端Ⅲ型后柱骨折的临床疗效. 方法 胫骨远端关节面近似梯形,将其前后分成两部分,前1/2较宽称为前柱,后1/2较窄称为后柱.包括原始的后踝以及胫骨远端后侧干骺,骨折线由后上斜向后下的波及远端关节面≤50%的胫骨远端骨折称为后柱骨折.根据其解剖特点结合CT平扫加三维重建将后柱骨折分为三型:Ⅰ型:后穹隆骨折,骨折线不超过后穹隆骨折,骨块<后柱的1/4;Ⅱ型:1/4<骨块≤1/2;Ⅲ型:骨块>后柱的1/2.自2005年3月至2008年9月共收治胫骨远端后柱骨折95例,其中27例Ⅲ型后柱骨折经后侧入路支撑钢板固定并获得随访. 结果 27例患者获得12～50个月(平均35.7个月)随访.骨折全部愈合,时间10.0～13.5周(平均11.3周),完全负重时间11.0～14.3周(平均12.1周).根据美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝关节功能评分系统对术后1年的踝关节功能进行评分:平均(97±3)分,其中优19例,良7例,一般1例,优良率为96.3%.术后1例患者出现伤口浅表感染,经保守治疗痊愈.无螺钉松动、断裂及内同定失效以及腓肠肌挛缩等并发症. 结论 胫骨远端后柱骨折的概念及分型理念为胫骨远端后侧骨折的治疗提供新的指导方式,经后侧入路支撑钢板固定是治疗胫骨远端Ⅲ型后柱骨折的一种有效方法 ,但要熟悉胫骨远端后侧解剖结构、正确掌握手术适应证.     

Open posterior stabilization for recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability

Open posterior capsular shift is used for posterior glenohumeral instability that has failed nonoperative treatment. Few series have fully evaluated the outcome after open posterior stabilization. The purpose of this series was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome after open posterior stabilization of the shoulder. Preoperative and intraoperative factors were analyzed with regard to their impact on results. Forty-eight consecutive shoulders were identified that had undergone primary open shoulder stabilization by use of open posterior capsular shift. Of the shoulders, 4 were lost to follow-up, resulting in a study group of 44 shoulders in 41 patients. Shoulders were evaluated at a range of 1.8 to 22.5 years after surgery by use of the L'Insalata shoulder form, Short Form-36 (SF-36), and a subjective shoulder rating in 44 shoulders. Thirty-nine shoulders were evaluated by physical examination, and thirty-seven underwent radiographic examination. A recurrence of posterior instability occurred in 8 shoulders (19%). Of the patients, 84% were satisfied with the current status of their shoulder. The mean L'Insalata score was 81.25+/-17.8 points, the mean SF-36 physical component score was 50.81+/-7.87, and the mean mental component score was 53.82+/-7.55. Significantly poorer satisfaction and outcome scores were seen in shoulders found to have a chondral defect at the time of stabilization and in patients aged greater than 37 years at the time of surgery. No progressive radiographic signs of glenohumeral arthritis were seen up to 22 years after surgery. Open posterior shoulder stabilization is a reliable procedure for treating significant posterior instability without causing arthritic changes. Patients found to have chondral damage within the shoulder and older patients were found to have less success after stabilization.     

寰椎后弓螺钉在寰枢椎后路固定融合手术中的应用

<正>目前对于治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的手术方法有多种,常用术式为后路钉棒系统固定融合术,其中寰椎安全顺利置钉为手术成败的关键,若术中寰椎置钉不成功或不顺利,可能导致手术时间增加,手术风险加大,临床需要一种安全、可靠、操作相对简单的手术补救措施。我科2013年12月~2015年1月收治的寰枢椎不稳患者均行寰枢椎后路固定融合手术,其中4例因术中置入寰椎椎弓根螺钉     

Sacrocolpopexy without concomitant posterior repair improves posterior compartment defects

The aim of this study is to determine posterior compartment topography 1-year after sacrocolpopexy (SC). Women who had SC without concomitant anterior or posterior repairs for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were included. Vaginal topography was assessed at baseline and 1-year postoperatively using POP quantification (POPQ). At baseline, 24% had stage IV POP, 68% stage III, and 8% stage II. One year after surgery, 75% had stage 0/I POP, 24% stage II, and 1% stage III. 112 (75%) were objectively cured (stage 0 or I POP). Anterior compartment was the most common site of POP persistence or recurrence (Ba >/= stage II in 23 women) followed by posterior compartment (Bp >/= stage II in 12 women) and apex (C >/= stage II in 2 women). In 1-year follow-up, SC without concomitant posterior repair restores posterior vaginal topography in the majority of women with undergoing SC.     

髋臼后柱骨折与后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗

目的探讨髋臼后柱骨折、后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗方法。方法15例A2型髋臼骨折均采用手术治疗。手术入路：Kocher-Langenbeck入路6例，改良Kocher-Langenbeck入路9例。结果15例中达到解剖复位13例，复位欠佳2例。获得随访11例，随访时间1～4年，平均2年。关节功能按改良d-Aubigne和Postel功能评定标准，优良10例，可1例。术后异位骨化Brookel Ⅰ度1例、Ⅱ度2例。原发坐骨神经损伤2例，1例在1年后恢复，另1例未恢复。结论只有把患髋前后位片、闭孔斜位片、髂骨斜位片、CT平扫图像、SSD重建图像、MPR图像和VRT重建图像结合起来，才能做出髋臼后柱骨折或后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断。绝大多数髋臼后柱骨折和后柱伴后壁骨折需行玎放复位内固定，复位后柱骨折的最好方法是联合使用Schanz螺钉与Farabeuf钳，术中根据具体情况选择1块或2块后柱重建钢板固定。     

One-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 12 patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction by posterior segmental instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of 12 patients with hemivertebra treated by hemivertebra resection by single posterior approach and correction with segmental posterior instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra causes extremely severe curves in some patients. Posterior fusion or posterior and anterior hemi-epiphysiodesis is performed to prevent progression of the deformity. The results of these procedures have been variable and not promising, especially in an adolescent patient with fixed kyphoscoliotic deformity. Hemivertebra resection offers more certain results and better correction of the deformity. To date, hemivertebra resection is performed by anterior and posterior approaches either by one-stage or two-stage operation. Few reports have been published describing a procedure consisting of one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction of the deformity by segmental posterior instrumentation. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with a single hemivertebra between the ages 8-24 years who underwent operative treatment were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. All patients had a single nonincarcerated hemivertebra [T9 (1 patient), T10 (2), T11 (2), T12 (4), and L1 (3)]. After posterior hemivertebra resection, segmental posterior instrumentation was used for correction of the kyphoscoliotic deformity [CD (4 patients), Kaneda SR (2), and ISOLA (6)]. Radiographic evaluations were conducted on the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up standing posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. RESULTS: All 12 patients had kyphoscoliotic deformity. Preoperative scoliosis averaging 49 degrees was corrected to 18 degrees (correction rate, 64%). Preoperative kyphosis of 40 degrees was corrected to 17 degrees of kyphosis. Trunk shift of 23 mm was improved to 3 mm. Correction loss was 2 degrees in the frontal plane and 3 degrees in the sagittal plane, and no patients showed more than 5 degrees of correction loss. No intraoperative complications were noted. Solid fusion was obtained in all patients, and no implant failure was verified at the final radiographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that correction of kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra can be effectively conducted by one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation. The operation was safe, and no associated adverse complications were noted. This procedure is best indicated for adolescent patients with a structural kyphoscoliotic deformity caused by a thoracic or thoracolumbar single hemivertebra.     

Arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the posterior trans-septal portal

We describe an arthroscopic technique for the reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), while preserving the remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, using the posterior trans-septal portal. The posterior trans-septal portal provides an excellent visualization of the PCL tibial attachment and an easy access to the tibial tunnel without injuring any neurovascular structure. The remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, which significantly contributes to the posterior stability of the knee joint, are preserved to be healed with a graft and subsequently form an integrated structure. We report a new arthroscopic technique for an effective reconstruction of the PCL, using the posterior trans-septal portal.     

Fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach

Objective  Stable internal screw fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach. Indications  Complete, unstable sacroiliac dislocations with incompetence of anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Sacroiliac fracture dislocations. Displaced vertical sacral fractures. Contraindications  Damage to posterior soft tissues. Acceptable closed reduction of sacrum or sacroiliac joint. Ipsilateral acetabular fractures treated through an anterior approach. Inadequate intraoperative fluoroscopic visualization of posterior pelvis. Surgical Technique  Vertical paramedian incision overlying the sacroiliac joint. Release of origin of gluteus maximus. Inspection and reduction of sacroiliac joint. Stabilization with iliosacral screws under image intensification. Secure repair of gluteal fascia. Results  107 patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of which 83 had an open reduction of posterior ring injuries. Accuracy of reduction: more than 95% of patients had residual displacement of less than 10 mm. Two patients had a deep wound infection postoperatively. Two-thirds of the patients were able to resume their previous occupation. Pain was either absent or occurred only with strenuous activities. 63% had a normal gait.     

后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折的临床疗效,分析该类骨折形态、手术入路的选择以及对Schatzker分型的再认识。方法回顾分析2003年6月-2009年6月23例采用后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折患者的临床资料。男15例,女8例;年龄32～56岁,平均38岁。均为闭合性骨折。致伤原因:高处坠落伤5例,交通事故伤15例,运动损伤3例。骨折按Moore分型:Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅳ型4例。常规行膝关节正侧位X线片、CT扫描及三维重建。患者受伤至手术时间为3～14d,平均6d。结果骨折获解剖复位17例,一般复位6例。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。23例均获随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均24个月。骨折于术后6～9个月达临床愈合,平均7.6个月。无神经、血管损伤、内固定失效、关节僵硬、创伤性骨关节炎、畸形愈合等并发症发生。末次随访时根据Rasmussen评分系统评定膝关节功能,获优14例,良7例,可2例,优良率为91.3%。结论胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折少见,有其独特的形态特点,Schatzker分型不能完全涵盖该类骨折。采用后方入路可在直视下复位关节面,固定牢靠,术后可早期行功能锻炼,并发症少,是较好的手术治疗方案。