类风湿性关节炎累及胸部的CT诊断价值

目的探讨类风湿性关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）合并肺间质病变的临床特点及CT表现。方法回顾我院2006年10月—2010年12月36例RA并发肺间质病变的临床及CT改变。结果 36例患者胸部X线平片主要表现为：两肺纹理增粗,肺间质及胸膜改变不明显;常规CT扫描表现为：肺间质的改变及胸膜病变;肺高分辨CT〈HRCT〉可见到更丰富的影像学改变,主要有肺磨玻璃样变,小蜂窝样囊腔改变,小叶间隔增厚,网格影及胸膜下微结节和小结节。结论 RA引起的肺部换害,特别是间质性肺病,由于早期症状还明显,在临床工作中易被忽视或延误诊断,因此有必要提高临床医生和患者对RA所致肺损害的认识,提示临床医生对相关因素的RA患者尽早作胸部CT扫描,特别是肺HRCT检查,以早期了解RA浸润肺部的程度及估计预后。     

高分辨CT对结缔组织病所致肺间质病变的诊断价值

目的评价胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)对早期发现结缔组织病所致肺间质病变的诊断价值。方法选择南京红十字医院及安徽医科大学附属医院2004年7月至2005年6月门诊及住院的系统性红斑狼疮患者20例、类风湿关节炎及干燥综合征患者共16例,行X线胸片及常规螺旋CT全胸扫描,运用HRCT对肺部扫描,进行对比分析。结果肺HRCT示21例(58.3%)患肺间质病变(ILD),常规螺旋CT示11例(30.6%)ILD,而X线全胸片仅4例(11.1%)示ILD。HRCT可见如蜂窝状阴影、胸膜下线影、小叶间隔增厚、毛玻璃样变等常规CT及X线胸片下无法观察到的征象。结论HRCT能充分显示肺间质纤维化的各种征象,对结缔组织病引起的肺间质病变的早期诊断有重要意义。     

系统性硬化症肺部高分辨率CT影像学表现分析

目的探讨系统性硬化症(SSc)肺部高分辨率CT(HRCT)影像学特征。方法回顾性分析2013-02~2017-04该院临床确诊15例SSc肺部HRCT影像学表现。结果 15例SSc患者肺部正常4例,表现以两肺外围分布为主的间质性纤维化11例。HRCT主要表现支气管血管束扭曲变形、小叶间隔增厚,可见条索状影、胸膜下线及弧形线9例,呈网格状改变7例。沿支气管血管束及小叶间隔分布小结节状影,胸膜下见小结节影10例。单纯以磨玻璃样改变5例,轻度胸膜增厚或少量胸腔积液9例。小片状实变影及蜂窝肺4例。结论 HRCT显示SSc的间质性细微病变,在SSc的诊断和随访治疗中具有重要价值。     

54例系统性硬化症患者肺部影像特点分析

目的 探讨系统性硬化症患者肺部影像检查的特点,以期提高诊断率,早期评价患者病情.方法 收集新疆自治区人民医院2009年1月～ 2012年3月收治的54例系统性硬化症患者的临床资料,分析其高分辨CT检查的影像特点.结果 高分辨CT检查提示所有患者均有不同程度的影像学改变,其主要表现为肺实质病变,如肺磨玻璃样密度影、蜂窝样囊腔改变、牵引性支气管扩张影、肺动脉高压、食管气液平、胸膜增厚和心包积液等.结论 应用高分辨CT检查可以明显提高系统性硬化症肺部病变的检出率,以毛玻璃影、食管扩张并气液平最具有特征性,此影像特点对明确诊断意义较大,同时网格影并蜂窝影对了解系统性硬化症浸润肺部的程度及估计预后有较大价值.     

直肠癌肺淋巴管转移一例

正肺外癌性淋巴管炎为呼吸科少见病例,其临床表现可有咳嗽、咳痰、气短、喘息,体征可伴有双肺呼吸音降低、弥散干啰音。典型的CT表现为:(1)小叶间隔不均匀增厚;(2)支气管血管束增粗;(3)胸膜增厚/病变多见;(4)肺外癌性淋巴管炎多不伴有肺门淋巴结肿大。由于该病通常易被误诊为肺间质感染、心源性肺水肿、淋巴管结核等[1],因此现将我院收治的1例肺外癌性淋巴管炎患者治疗情况报道如下,以加强呼吸科同仁对该病的认识。     

肺部癌性淋巴管炎HRCT影像特征分析

目的探讨肺部癌性淋巴管炎高分辨扫描的影像学特征。方法分析35例病理诊断癌性淋巴管炎患者HRCT影像学资料。结果本组病例HRCT表现:支气管血管束增粗27例,小叶间隔增厚29例,小叶核心结节15例,片状磨玻璃影12例,周围线样及索条影5例,叶间裂及胸膜结节样增厚9例。结论 HRCT对癌性淋巴管炎具有相对特征性表现,并有助于和其它弥漫性间质性肺部病变的鉴别。     

肺结核初治中的类赫反应CT影像分析

目的探讨肺结核初治中类赫反应的CT特征。方法回顾性分析44例经临床证实的肺结核初治中出现类赫反应患者的CT资料,治疗前后均经CT平扫、薄层及高分辨CT扫描,17例行CT增强扫描。结果全部患者按发病部位共57处统计例数,表现为肺内病变进展（原发病变范围扩大或新发片状影、胸膜下球形影）28例,胸膜病变（胸腔积液、胸膜结核球）10例,心包增厚1例,淋巴结肿大15例,胸腺反应3例。发生时间为20d至3．5个月,最短出现时间为20d;继续原方案治疗1．0～3．0个月病变好转或消失,其中3．0个月内消失37例（84％）。结论类赫反应具有一定CT影像特征。     

结核性胸膜炎发病早期的CT征象及其动态变化特点的分析

目的 分析结核性胸膜炎发病早期的CT征象及其动态演变的特点,提高诊断准确率。方法 收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院于2015年3月至2017年2月确诊为结核性胸膜炎的38例患者的影像资料。研究对象中包括男16例,女22例;年龄21~61岁,平均年龄为(35.74±11.92)岁;所有患者均在初次发病7~10d内就诊。分析研究对象发病早期的CT检查资料,提取CT表现特点及征象。结果 38例研究对象中,发生于单侧胸膜病变者34例。其中,病变位于左侧胸膜者18例,位于右侧胸膜者16例,双侧同时出现病变者4例;累及纵隔胸膜者14例(累及左侧纵隔胸膜者6例,累及右侧纵隔胸膜者8例),累及叶间裂胸膜者34例;出现包裹性胸腔积液者38例,出现胸膜下小叶间隔增厚者24例,出现胸膜下条索状影者24例。CT动态随访过程中,37例患者胸膜增厚程度减轻;1例患者在开始治疗6个月复查时增厚程度加重,最厚约1.1cm,12个月再次复查增厚的胸膜较前吸收减轻。随访过程中所有患者胸腔积液均表现吸收减少,胸膜下小叶间隔增厚表现为吸收减少,胸膜下条索状影亦逐渐减少、减薄。另有22例患者在随访中出现胸膜结核瘤。结论 结核性胸膜炎发病早期行CT检查可发现单侧胸膜增厚且不光滑、叶间裂受累伴多发粟粒状改变及微结节,以及包裹性胸腔积液、胸膜下小叶间隔增厚及条索状影等征象,可作为其诊断依据。     

2型糖尿病患者胸部CT表现及短期随访观察

目的 探讨T2DM患者胸部CT表现及随访肺内病变变化与临床的关系。方法回顾性观察60例T2DM患者胸部CT图像,用CT视觉评分方法定量分析肺内病变,并与CT复查图像进行对照,分析肺内病变变化特征与临床的关系。结果60例T2DM患者中胸部CT表现正常9例（15％）、磨玻璃样影31例（52％）、小叶间隔增厚32例（53％）,多于胸膜下线8例（13％）、支气管血管束增厚3例（5％）、小叶内间质增厚3例（5％）等病变（X2=76．979,P＜0．01）。肺内病变具有周围分布、下肺分布为主的特点。复查后仅14例磨玻璃样病变有不同程度吸收,与磨玻璃影积分值无变化组相比,磨玻璃影积分值变化组病程较短（t=2．485,P=O．023）,HbA1c较低（u=2．831,P=0．015）。结论CT及其随访检查的半定量分析肺内病变,对评估糖尿病肺损害的短期变化及与临床的关系有一定价值。     

特发性肺间质纤维化X线及HRCT的诊断价值分析

目的分析胸部X线及高分辨CT(HRCT)在特发性肺间质纤维化(IPF)诊断中的价值。方法 58例IPF患者分别行胸部X线和HRCT影像学检查,并随访分析其动态变化与临床疗效及患者预后之间的关系。结果 IPF患者胸部X线主要表现:在两肺基底部的周边出现磨玻璃阴影,网状、网结状阴影为特征,常为双侧,不对称,伴肺容积减少。IPF患者HRCT主要表现:①磨玻璃样影及实变影;②囊状、蜂窝征;③胸膜下线影、网状影;④结节影;⑤小叶中心型肺气肿;⑥两下肺牵拉性支气管柱状及囊状扩张。结论特发性肺间质纤维化HRCT不仅能显示胸片无法显示的特殊表现,还能动态性观察和判断临床疗效及疾病预后。     

A patient with pleural thickening of sarcoidosis]

We report a 51-year-old woman with characteristic pleural involvement of sarcoidosis. Video-assisted thoracoscopic examination identified diffuse pleural thickening in the right lung, which coincided in distribution with parenchymal reticular shadows demonstrated with high-resolution thoracic CT scan. Biopsied specimens revealed epithelioid cell granuloma with noncaseating necrosis and multi-nucleated giant cells in the parenchymal lung tissue. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was demonstrated in the thickened pleural tissue, but no typical sarcoid lesion. This pleural lesion was considered as pleural involvement of sarcoidosis, since deterioration of the pleural thickening was accompanied with progression of a parenchymal sarcoid lesion during the period of two months after biopsy. Video-assisted thoracoscopy and high-resolution CT scan both supported the diagnosis of sarcoidosis with pleural involvement.     

Pulmonary echography in systemic sclerosis

In systemic sclerosis patients, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension are highly associated with mortality. The time point of detecting manifestations like pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease (ILD) is of vital importance. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to date is the gold standard to diagnose ILD. In addition, an ultrasound of the lung is suggested as a noninvasive and radiation-free method of structural monitoring of the lung. We tested the reliability of lung sonography for the assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis. In a pilot study involving 25 patients with systemic sclerosis and 40 healthy volunteers, we screened the pleura and the pulmonary parenchyma for sonographic abnormalities. The occurrence of B lines, comet tail phenomena, and pleural irregularities was scored. All systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients were subjected to computed x-ray tomography of the chest. Forty-four percent of SSc patients showed B line phenomena and pleural thickening. The diagnosis of ILD in these patients was confirmed by HRCT scan. B line phenomena and pleural irregularities were significantly more common in SSc patients. Patients with ILD had higher pleural scores and comet scores when compared to systemic sclerosis patients without radiographic ILD. If our results are confirmed in larger studies, transthoracic ultrasound of the lung might turn out to be a suitable method for screening patients with systemic sclerosis for incipient pulmonary structural changes.     

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia: CT and pathologic findings

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia is a rare disease characterized by dilation of lymphatic channels without lymphatic proliferation. The disease is seen almost exclusively in infancy and early childhood. The authors report 2 cases of pulmonary lymphangiectasia. The patients were a 12- and a 25-year-old male who presented with progressive dyspnea and hemoptysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by open lung biopsy. The radiographic findings consisted of bilateral reticular changes, peribronchial cuffing, and bilateral pleural effusions. High-resolution CT demonstrated extensive bilateral septal and peribronchovascular interstitial thickening, areas of ground-glass attenuation, and bilateral pleural effusions. The histologic findings consisted of ectatic and tortuous lymphatic channels in the interlobular septa, bronchovascular sheaths, and pleura.     

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) in Sjögren’s syndrome: a case report and a review of the literature

Sjõgren’s disease is one of the most common rheumatological diseases and can present with a variety of extra-glandular manifestations. Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis (LIP) is the most common lung pathology in these patients. It is important to know and recognize this condition because it is potentially treatable. It is also frequently misdiagnosed and treated as infectious pneumonia multiple times before the correct diagnosis is made. It is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder characterized histologically by interstitial infiltration with polyclonal lymphocytes and plasma cells. High-resolution CT scan of the lungs shows extensive areas of ground-glass attenuation and interlobular septal thickening with scattered thin-walled cysts. An open-lung biopsy is the best method of diagnosing this condition, as less invasive techniques do not provide an adequate tissue specimen. LIP occurs in a wide variety of settings such as autoimmune disease, HIV disease, and as an adverse reaction to some medications; it is, therefore, considered to be a nonspecific response to many stimuli. The treatment usually consists of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants, though there have been no controlled trials to date. Establishment of a registry may help better evaluate and treat this disease. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with LIP secondary to Sjögren’s syndrome and also review the literature available.     

An immunoglobulin G4-related disease mimicking postoperative lung cancer recurrence

Abstract

A postoperative lung cancer patient presented with lymphadenopathy, pleural thickening, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on a positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) scan. Lung cancer recurrence was initially suspected, but bilateral submandibular masses with 18F-FDG uptake indicated the possibility of a systemic disease, such as Mikulicz’s disease. High serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration in the submandibular glands led to the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease. After systemic steroid therapy, 18F-FDG uptake decreased in both the submandibular glands and the suspected recurrent lesions.     

甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎患者临床和影像学表现分析

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎临床和影像学表现。方法分析本院2009年9～2010年3月临床确诊24例甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎患者临床和影像学资料。结果 18例胸片均表现为肺纹理增多,6例表现为单肺斑片状影。CT显示6例单侧肺部炎性渗出影,12例双侧肺部炎性渗出影,4例弥漫性棉絮状病变;2例实质间质混合渗出。12例甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎患者出院1个月做CT检查,7例完全恢复正常;3例斑片状密度增高影2月后复查CT完全吸收;2例纤维条索影。结论影像学表现对于确定病变范围、病程发展变化和治疗后动态观察具有非常重要的参考价值。     

高分辨率CT在非结核分枝杆菌肺病诊治中的价值

搜集广州市胸科医院2015年3月至2017年9月经菌种鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病、并行胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)检查的99例患者,回顾性分析肺内病灶部位、数量、形态、大小、密度、边界、分布及淋巴结的CT征象;评估99例NTM肺病患者治疗前后HRCT的表现。HRCT检查表现为斑点片状渗出、实变93例,支气管扩张78例,空洞60例,纤维条索状影59例,结节状影58例,树芽征55例,磨玻璃样影46例,淋巴结肿大45例,胸膜增厚18例,胸腔积液9例,病变通常以多种形态混杂存在。91例NTM肺病患者经克拉霉素、利福平、乙胺丁醇及阿米卡星治疗6~18个月后CT复查,显示病灶均减少;8例患者经HRCT精准定位后行患侧肺叶切除术,术后肺部病灶明显减少,但均出现术侧胸膜肥厚粘连。胸部HRCT对NTM肺病的诊断及治疗具有重要的应用价值。     

USE OF SEQUENTIAL DTPA CLEARANCE AND HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY EN MONITORING INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN DERMATOMYOSITTS

Interstitial lung disease complicating polymyositis—dermatomyositishas a grave prognosis. We report the case of a 50-yr-old womanwith dermatomyositis and interstitial lung disease monitoredby sequential high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT)of lung and aerosol clearance times of the radionuclide ⁹⁹Technetium-diethylenetriamine pentacctate (DTPA). She was treated with oral cyclophosphamideand prednisolone with good outcome. Pulmonary response to therapywas followed with sequential HRCT and DTPA scanning. DTPA clearance,a measure of lung inflammation, and HRCT paralleled clinicalcourse during the treatment of interstitial lung disease. SequentialHRCT and DTPA were useful adjuncts in the initial assessmentand monitoring of interstitial lung disease in association withdermatomyositis. KEY WORDS: Interstitial lung disease, Dermatomyositis, ⁹⁹Technetium-diethylene triamine pentacetate scan, High-resolution computerized tomography      

弥漫性胸膜疾病的临床影像特征

目的探讨弥漫性胸膜病变(DPD)的CT影像特征,方法分析经临床、手术及病理或胸膜活检证实的90例DPD的CT征像。其中,恶性病变36例,良性病变54例。结果 (1)36例恶性病变的CT特征为结节状胸膜增厚、环状胸膜增厚、壁层胸膜增厚超过10 mm及纵膈胸膜受累。此四种胸膜改变的特异性为100%、96%、91%和89%,敏感性分别为72%、53%、67%和47%。(2)54例良性病变的CT特征为带状胸膜增厚、线状粘连胸膜增厚及胸膜钙化。此三种胸膜改变的特异性为100%、100%和97%。结论 CT有助于了解DPD的内部结构及毗邻关系,对胸膜病变的良、恶性鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

肺淋巴管癌病

目的探讨肺淋巴管癌病（ＰＬＣ）的临床特征，分析相关诊断方法的特点，提高对ＰＬＣ的认识及其诊断水平。方法结合文献资料回顾分析４例临床病例。结果ＰＬＣ在临床上主要表现为咳嗽、气短；肺功能呈正常或限制性通气功能障碍；Ｘ线胸片常见双肺弥漫性网状、网状结节状或结节状等间质纤维样改变，并合并胸腔积液、高分辨ＣＴ可发现小叶间隔的不均匀增厚，不均一的支气管血管束结节状增厚，胸膜不规则增厚，纵隔淋巴结肿大等；胸膜肺组织病理可见胸膜下、肺内淋巴管内癌细胞生长。结论对双肺呈类间质纤维化改变，同时合并胸腔积液和纵隔淋巴结肿大的患者，应进一步行高分辨ＣＴ及胸膜肺组织病理活检，以期排除ＰＬＣ之诊断。