甘肃产藏药五脉绿绒蒿有效部位对肝纤维化疗效和TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:观察甘肃产藏药五脉绿绒蒿有效部位对肝纤维化大鼠TGF-β1表达的影响.方法:在给药的基础上,采用sc CCl4、喂饲高脂低蛋白复合饲料并饮用20％乙醇来复制肝纤维化动物模型,6周后对大鼠肝组织免疫组化染色,检测TGF-β1的表达,同时检测血清中AST、ALT和TGF-β1的水平以及肝组织中Hyp的含量.结果:复合因素肝纤维化造模结束后,与模型对照组比较,甘肃产藏药五脉绿绒蒿醇提物、黄碱组以及总黄酮能明显降低血清ALT、AST以及肝组织中Hyp与胶原蛋白的含量,显著降低血清与肝组织中TGF-β1的表达,同时发现总黄酮的作用有一定的量效关系.结论:甘肃产藏药五脉绿绒蒿醇提物及其中的总黄酮对CCl4复合因素诱导的肝纤维化大鼠具较好的保护作用,对TGF-β1表达的抑制作用可能是其作用机制之一.     

藏药绿绒蒿的民族植物学研究进展

本文对具有较高经济价值的高山濒危植物绿绒蒿属的民族植物学研究进展进行了综述,总结了绿绒蒿属的分类及地理分布、药用品种、形态学、生态学、生理学、细胞生物学和化学成分的研究进展。为合理开发和保护这类珍稀植物和藏药资源提供依据。     

卵巢切除对四氯化碳诱导大鼠肝纤维化形成的影响

为探讨卵巢切除对CCl4 诱导大鼠肝纤维化形成的影响 ,采用CCl4 诱导雌性大鼠肝纤维化动物模型 ,观察卵巢切除及雌激素替代治疗 (苯甲酸雌二醇 1mg kg)对肝脏胶原沉积和I、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达的影响 ,并分别检测血清学标志及肝脏组织学等变化。结果显示CCl4 模型组大鼠肝脏发生典型的肝纤维化改变 ,卵巢切除组的肝脏胶原沉积更为明显 ,肝脏表达I、Ⅲ型胶原及血清肝纤维化指标也明显高于CCl4 摸型组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而雌激素干预及替代治疗则可抑制肝纤维化的形成。表明卵巢切除加速CCl4 诱导大鼠肝纤维化的形成 ,其发生可能与卵巢分泌的雌激素对肝纤维化的抑制作用有关。     

苦瓜对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的干预作用及可能机制

目的: 探讨苦瓜(BM)对四氯化碳(CCl₄)诱导大鼠肝纤维化的干预作用及相关机制。方法: 随机将32只雄性健康Wistar大鼠分为4组:对照组(C组);模型组(CCl₄,M组);BM低剂量组(BM 100g/kg饲料+CCl₄,BM-L组)、BM高剂量组(BM 200g/kg饲料+CCl₄,BM-H组)。饲养中除C组外的各组大鼠均皮下注射50%CCl₄-橄榄油溶液2 mL/kg,2次/周,共8周,诱导肝纤维化动物模型。8周后处死大鼠,留取大鼠肝脏和血清。计算肝体指数;测定血清丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;测定肝匀浆总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(Alb)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量和单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性;胶原纤维染色观察大鼠肝组织变性与胶原沉积病理改变。结果: 与M组比较,摄入BM后的各剂量组大鼠肝体指数显著降低(P<0.01);血清MDA含量及肝匀浆HYP含量和MAO活性均明显降低(P<0.01),而血清SOD活性、肝组织TP和Alb含量、GSH-Px活性明显增强(P<0.01)。与正常大鼠相比,模型大鼠肝脏有明显胶原沉积与肝纤维化,伴有不同程度的肝细胞炎性损伤坏死;BM组明显减轻模型大鼠肝组织损伤坏死与胶原沉积等病理变化,以高剂量组更明显。结论: BM具有抗CCl₄诱导大鼠肝纤维化作用,其机制可能与其抗脂质过氧化、降低肝HYP含量及MAO活性的作用有关。     

三棱、莪术对肝纤维化大鼠IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的影响

目的：观察三棱、莪术对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠血清中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的影响及其抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法：用猪血清腹腔注射建立免疫性肝纤维化大鼠模型，以血清中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的浓度变化，光、电镜下的肝组织病理学改变为观察指标，观察三棱、莪术对大鼠免疫性肝纤维化的影响。结果：免疫性肝纤维化大鼠血清中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平明显增高；三棱、莪术可下调肝纤维化大鼠模型IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平趋向于正常；并能改善肝脏组织病理学变化。结论：三棱、莪术通过减少IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的合成与释放，发挥抗肝纤维化作用；在抗肝纤维化过程中具有免疫调控作用。     

核因子-κB在肝纤维化中作用的研究进展

细胞核因子-κB（Nuclear Factor kappa B,NF-κB）是调节炎症反应最重要的转录因子,在肝纤维化中参与调控肝细胞的凋亡和增殖,调节各种介质释放、引起的炎症反应、促发枯否（氏）细胞产生炎性因子扩大肝脏炎症过程,最终使肝星状细胞（hepatocelluar stellate cell,HSC）活化,产生大量胶原纤维发生纤维化。本文概述了NF-κB通路的组成和激活过程,NF-κB与其它肝纤维化相关细胞因子的关系以及在肝纤维化形成过程中NF-κB对肝细胞、肝星状细胞有关基因转录的调节进展。     

核因子-κB在肝纤维化中作用的研究进展

细胞核因子-κB(NuclearFactorkappaB,NF-κB)是调节炎症反应最重要的转录因子,在肝纤维化中参与调控肝细胞的凋亡和增殖,调节各种介质释放、引起的炎症反应、促发枯否(氏)细胞产生炎性因子扩大肝脏炎症过程,最终使肝星状细胞(hepatocelluarstellatecell,HSC)活化,产生大量胶原纤维发生纤维化。本文概述了NF-κB通路的组成和激活过程,NF-κB与其它肝纤维化相关细胞因子的关系以及在肝纤维化形成过程中NF-κB对肝细胞、肝星状细胞有关基因转录的调节进展。     

肝纤维化肝窦内皮细胞对肝星状细胞的影响

肝纤维化是肝损伤后修复性应答。当损肝因素导致肝损伤时,肝内相关细胞分泌多种细胞冈子经旁分泌和自分泌的形式激活肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSC),致使其分泌大量细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM),导致ECM的生成大于降解,以致ECM过度沉积,从而引起肝窦毛细血管化,促使肝纤维化形成,故HSC的激活是     

大鼠肝纤维化过程中肝组织及血清中粗纤维调节素的动态变化研究

目的：观察粗纤维调节素（Un）在大鼠肝纤维化肝组织及血清中的动态变化，探讨其在正常和纤维化大鼠肝组织中的表达及其血清学检测的价值。方法：以CCl₄诱发大鼠肝纤维化模型，采用ABC免疫组化方法检测肝组织中Un分布，用ELISA方法检测血清中Un的含量。结果：随着CCl₄造模时间的延长，Un在肝组织中沉积增加，主要在汇管区、中央静脉壁及纤维间隔内分布。血清Un含量也随肝纤维化的加重而升高。结论：Un是肝组织中一种重要的细胞外基质成分，在肝纤维化过程中表达增加；血清Un可以作为反映肝纤维化的一种血清学指标。     

Genetic polymorphisms of inflammatory cytokines and liver fibrosis progression due to recurrent hepatitis C.

To ascertain whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulating the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IFN-gamma receptor-1 (IFNGR-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) may be associated with early fibrosis progression of recurrent hepatitis C, 50 liver transplantation recipients (32 men, 18 women, median age 56 years) with a median histologic follow-up time of 54 months were studied; 98 healthy blood donors served as controls. Cytokine SNPs were determined by means of previously described PCR-based methods. On the basis of the SNP studies, a low, intermediate, or high producer cytokine phenotype was attributed to each patient. Only 1 of the 17 low IL-10 producers reached an Ishak staging score > 2, in contrast to 20 of the 33 patients who were intermediate or high IL-10 producers (Mantel-Cox, p < 0.005). Recipients who were low IL-10 producers and high IFN-gamma producers had significantly slower fibrosis progression in comparison to intermediate/high IL-10 producers and low IFN-gamma producers (p < 0.005). In conclusion, cytokine SNPs resulting in high and low producer phenotypes of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines appear to modulate the course of recurrent hepatitis C. Low IL-10 producers are those with the slowest histologic fibrosis progression.     

Inflammatory cytokines,angiogenesis, and fibrosis in the rat peritoneum

Peritonitis, a common complication of peritoneal dialysis, is followed by acute changes in the function of the peritoneum. The role of inflammatory cytokines in these processes is not clearly identified. We used adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to transiently overexpress interleukin (IL)-1 beta (AdIL-1 beta) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (AdTNF-alpha) in the rat peritoneum then used a modified equilibrium test to study the histological and functional changes. Overexpression of IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha led to an acute inflammatory response. Both inflammatory cytokines induced an early expression of the angiogenic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor, along with increased expression of the profibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta1, along with fibronectin expression and collagen deposition in peritoneal tissues. Both inflammatory cytokines induced angiogenesis, increased solute permeability, and ultrafiltration dysfunction at earlier time points. Changes in structure and function seen in AdTNF-alpha-treated animals returned to normal by 21 days after infection, whereas AdIL-1 beta-treated animals had persistently increased vasculature with submesothelial thickening and fibrosis. This was associated with up-regulation TIMP-1. TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta both induce acute changes in the peritoneum that mimic those seen in peritoneal dialysis patients who experience an episode of peritonitis. These functional changes were associated with early angiogenesis that resolved rapidly after exposure to TNF-alpha. IL-1 beta exposure, however, led to a different response with sustained vascularization and fibrosis. IL-1 beta inhibition may be a therapeutic goal in acute peritonitis to prevent peritoneal damage.     

肝纤维化模型大鼠肝功能变化与萱草活性成分黄酮苷的干预

背景：萱草活性成分黄酮苷被认为具有调整人体代谢,清除超氧阴离子自由基,清除体内代谢废物,护肝抗衰老,有很强的扶正固本之功效。 目的：观察萱草活性成分黄酮苷对肝纤维化模型大鼠的肝功能的影响。 方法：建造四氯化碳大鼠肝纤维化模型,建模的同时给予萱草活性成分黄酮苷干预。实验4周后采血,检测血清清蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、清球蛋白比值、高密度脂蛋白值,观察大鼠的进食、活动和生长状况。 结果与结论：实验4周后,四氯化碳模型组大鼠死亡率为37.5%,黄酮苷组为12.5%。2周后,模型组大鼠体质量明显下降(P < 0.05),黄酮苷组与阴性对照组比较未见显著性下降(P > 0.05)。黄酮苷组大鼠肝/体比值较模型组有所下降。黄酮苷较模型组血清清蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶及清球蛋白比值显著降低,与阴性对照组差异无显著性意义。提示,在肝纤维化的病理进程中,采取萱草活性成分黄酮苷进行干预,可有效缓解大鼠肝损害改善肝功能。     

Alteration of serum inflammatory cytokines in active pulmonary tuberculosis following anti-tuberculosis drug therapy

Active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) is associated with a failure of the host immune system to control the invading Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The objective of this study was to quantify and assess the role of serum inflammatory cytokines in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients following anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) therapy.     

DNA in cytosol fractions obtained by differential centrifugation of homogenates of rapidly growing liver tumors

Preliminary work revealed that the cytosol fractions obtained by differential centrifugation of homogenates of the rapidly growing Morris hepatomas 7777 and 7288CTC contained substantially more DNA than could be detected with the more slowly growing hepatoma 5123C or the liver of tumor-bearing rats. The amount of DNA in the cytosol fractions of the rapidly growing hepatomas was decreased by concentrations of cations which are known to promote precipitation of solubilized chromatin. Data on the incorporation of [³H]thymidine into DNA of nuclear and cytosol fractions and the time-dependent effects of hydroxyurea were compatible with initial nuclear synthesis and later release of the DNA seen in the cytosol fractions. The amount of this DNA was increased in larger tumors and was less in isolated cells than in solid tumors. Postmortem changes in the liver and hepatoma 5123C, but not in hepatomas 7777 and 7288CTC, resulted in a large increase in DNA appearing in the cytosol fraction. The results indicated that the measurement of DNA in cytosol fractions may serve as a guide to the existence of necrosis in tumors, but is not always proportional to the degree of necrosis.     

The chemical morphology of extracellular matrix in experimental rat liver fibrosis resembles that of normal developing connective tissue

The time course of development of extracellular matrix (ECM) in experimentally induced fibrosis (thioacetamide administration followed for 12 weeks or bile duct ligation for 8 weeks) in adult rats was examined by light and electron microscopy, using Alcian blue or Cupromeronic blue staining for sulphated proteoglycans (PGs) in critical electrolyte concentration techniques. Proteodermatan sulphate (PDS) was regularly observed at the gap zone of the collagen fibrils. Morphometry of uranyl acetate-stained collagen fibrils, polarity of their banding patterns (a–e), statistics of d/e band occupancies by PDS, and lengths and thicknesses of PG filaments were quantified. Biochemical analyses showed that the ECM components collagen, hyaluronan, chondroitin and dermatan sulphates increased by 5–10 fold, roughly in parallel, as did heparan sulphate and DNA. Water and lipid contents also increased sharply. Thioacetamide treatment was much slower than bile duct ligation in producing fibrotic changes of equal severity. Sulphation of anionic glycosaminoglycans (AGAGs) decreased with increasing severity of fibrosis. Biochemical and ultrastructural methods correlated well. The large increase in dermatan sulphate was quantitatively as expected, given that it is collagen fibril surface-associated, and there was an increase of collagen content together with a decrease in fibril thicknesses. The increase in DNA reflected the marked increase in cell numbers in fibrotic livers. The chemical morphology of the new connective tissue closely resembled that in e.g. developing young tendon, in that fibrils were thinner, and AGAG levels were higher. The collagen fibrils were often disarranged, rather than ordered and parallel as in normal ECM. No other indication of abnormality in the new ECM was obtained.     

黄芪对肺纤维化大鼠血清细胞因子及肺超微结构的影响

目的：研究黄芪水提物、黄芪皂苷对博莱霉素（BLM）所致肺纤维化大鼠血Th1/Th2型细胞因子平衡、TNF-α表达的调节作用及对肺上皮细胞超微结构的影响,探讨黄芪阻抑肺纤维化的效应机制。方法：Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、BLM模型组、地塞米松组、黄芪水提物组、黄芪皂苷组；气管内注入BLM复制大鼠肺纤维化模型,造模后第2天开始药物干预,14天采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血IFN-γ、IL-4、TNF-α的含量,14天、28天观察肺上皮细胞超微结构变化情况。结果：模型组大鼠血IFN-γ含量降低,IL-4、TNF-α的含量升高（均P〈0.05）；与模型组比较,黄芪水提物组、黄芪皂苷组、地塞米松组使大鼠血IFN-γ含量明显升高（P〈0.05）,IL-4、TNF-α含量明显降低（P〈0.05）；黄芪水提物组、黄芪皂苷组与地塞米松组比较,上述指标均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,超微结构观察,模型组肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞数量减少,细胞微绒毛稀少,核不规则,核染色质凝集粗块状,板层小体减少空泡样变,线粒体明显肿胀,肺泡间隔成纤维细胞增生明显,胞质内胶原纤维增多；各治疗组均可改善肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞超微结构的异常改变。结论：黄芪水提物、黄芪皂苷对肺纤维化大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞超微结构具有保护作用,调节Th1/Th2型细胞因子的平衡及TNF-α含量可能是其阻抑肺纤维化发生的机理之一。