白细胞介素-1基因多态性与高血压易感性的研究

目的　观察白细胞介素 - 1(interleukin- 1,IL- 1)基因多态性在中国汉族人群中的分布及其与原发性高血压 (essential hypertension,EH)的关系 ,初步分析其基因型与 EH易感性的相关性。方法　应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性的方法 ,检测湖北省汉族 15 2例 EH患者和 16 8名正常对照者的IL- 1基因多态性 ,包括 IL- 1α(- 889C/ T)位点、IL- 1β(- 5 11C/ T)位点、IL- 1β( 395 3C/ T)位点、IL- 1Ra( 80 0 6 T/ C)位点多态性以及 IL- 1Ra第 2内含子可变数串联重复序列多态性。结果　IL- 1α(- 889C/ T)位点、IL- 1β( 395 3C/ T)位点、IL- 1Ra( 80 0 6 T/ C)位点多态性和 IL- 1Ra可变重复序列多态性在 EH组和正常人群中的分布差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而 IL- 1β(- 5 11C/ T)位点多态性在两组人群中的分布差异存在显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,携带 CT基因型罹患 EH的危险性可增加 2 .5 4倍。结论　 IL- 1β基因启动子区 - 5 11位点 C/ T多态性可能与 EH易感性存在相关关系。     

转化生长因子β1基因869T/C、915G/C多态性与食管癌关系的研究

目的研究转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)第1外显子+869T/C、+915G/C基因多态性与广西地区食管癌的关系。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)技术,检测118例食管癌患者和130例正常对照组TGF-β1的基因多态性,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清TGF-β1水平。结果食管癌患者血清TGF-β1水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),TGF-β1基因+915G/C多态性各等位基因及基因型频率在两组人群中的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,C等位基因携带者患食管癌的风险是G等位基因的3.077倍(OR=3.077,95%CI1.336~7.087),携带C等位基因食管癌患者血清TGF-β1水平显著高于不携带者[(55.37±9.76)μg/Lvs(48.29±8.29)μg/L,P<0.05];而TGF-β1基因+869T/C多态性在食管癌组和正常人群中的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TGF-β1基因+915G/C多态性与食管癌的发病具有相关性,其中C等位基因可能是食管癌发病的遗传易感基因;携带C等位基因的个体可能通过促进TGF-β1的高度表达进而增加了食管癌的发病风险。     

TGF-β1基因启动子-800G/A、-509C/T多态性与食管癌的研究

目的研究转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)基因启动子多态性各等位基因及基因型在食管癌患者中的分布频率,初步分析其基因型及血清水平与食管癌的相关性.方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测118例食管癌患者和130例正常对照组TGF-β1的基因多态性,包括TGF-β1基因启动子-800G/A、-509C/T位点,同时采用ELISA检测血清TGF-β1水平.结果食管癌患者血清TGF-β1水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),TGF-β1基因-800G/A位点多态性在食管癌组和正常人群中的分布差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而TGF-β1基因-509C/T多态性各等位基因及基因型频率在两组人群中的分布差异存在显著性(P＜0.05);等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,T等位基因携带者患食管癌的风险是C等位基因的1.624倍(OR=1.624,95%CI1.134～2.324),携带T等位基因的食管癌患者血清TGF-β1水平显著高于不携带者(50.97±8.91μg/LVS44.23±8.54μg/L,P＜0.01).结论TGF-β1基因-509C/T多态性与食管癌的发病具有相关性,其中T等位基因可能是食管癌发病的遗传易感基因;携带T等位基因的个体可能通过促进TGF-β1的高度表达进而增加了食管癌的发病风险.     

广西壮族人群白细胞介素-1α与β的基因多态性分布

目的：了解白细胞介素-1α（IL-1α）基因-889位点和IL-1β基因-511位点多态性在广西壮族健康人群中的分布。方法：采用PCR-RFLP方法,对上述两位点进行了检测,计算其基因型和等位基因频率。结果：II-1α（-889）和IL-1β（-511）等位基因C、T频率在壮族正常人群中分别为93．9％、6．1％和53．4％、46．6％;与奥地利、非洲黑人、非洲白人健康人群相比,IL-1α（-889）基因型分布及等位基因频率均存在高度显著性差异;与奥地利、非洲白人健康人群相比,IL-1β（-511）基因型分布及等位基因频率存在显著性差异。结论：广西壮族健康人群IL-1α（-889）基因多态性分布与奥地利、非洲黑人、非洲白人不同;IL-1β（-511）基因多态性分布与奥地利、非洲白人不同。     

广西壮族人群ICAM-1基因多态性及血清水平与脑梗死关系的研究

探讨细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)基因K469E多态性各等位基因及基因型在广西壮族脑梗死患者中的分布频率,初步分析其基因及血清水平与脑梗死的关系。采用聚合酶连反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和DNA序列测定法检测19例脑梗死及210例对照者ICAM-1基因第6外显子K469E多态性,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测脑梗死和对照者血清ICAM-1水平。脑梗死组ICAM-1血清水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),ICAM-1基因K469E基因频率和等位基因频率在脑梗死组和对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,E等位基因携带者患脑梗死的风险是K等位基因的1.454倍(OR=1.454,95%CI1.090～1.940),携带E等位基因的脑梗死患者ICAM-1血清水平显著高于不携带者(503.31±141.32)ng/ml和(489.80±122.43)ng/ml,(P<0.01)。ICAM-1基因K469E多态性与脑梗死的发病具有相关性,E等位基因可能是广西地区壮族人脑梗死发病的遗传易感基因,携带E等位基因的个体可能通过促进ICAM-1的高度表达进而增加脑梗死的发病风险。     

白细胞介素1α多态性与Alzheimer病的关系

回顾性流行病学调查发现曾应用过抗炎制剂如非甾体类抗炎药物的个体发生 Alzheimer病( AD)的可能性较小 ,且发病年龄亦较晚。神经炎症性改变可能在 AD的发病机制中起着重要作用。免疫组化表明 ,白细胞介素 - 1 ( IL- 1 ,一强有力的促炎症细胞因子 )与神经炎斑 (一种 AD必备的神经病理学特征 )处在同一位置上。IL - 1α基因 (一种称为IL- 1 A[- 889]等位基因 2的由 C→T的转换 ) - 889的5 -侧翼调节区的多态性可能导致 IL- 1 α的过度表达—显示与炎症性疾病相关的发现。IL- 1 A[- 889]等位基因 2的多态性可能与 AD的发病机制有关…     

白细胞介素-6基因多态性与卵巢癌的相关性研究

目的探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)基因启动子区域-174G/C基因多态性与中国北方汉族人卵巢癌的关系。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)技术,检测33例卵巢癌患者组和90例正常对照组IL-6基因多态性。结果IL-6基因-174G/C多态性位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在两组人群中的分布差异有统计学意义(x2=6.31,P<0.05),G等位基因携带者患卵巢癌的风险是C等位基因的3.74倍(OR=3.7405)。结论IL-6基因-174G/C多态性与卵巢癌的发病具有相关性,其中G等位基因可能是我国北方汉族人卵巢癌发病的遗传易感基因,携带G等位基因的个体可能通过促进IL-6的高度表达进而增加卵巢癌的发病风险。     

细胞间黏附分子-1基因K469E多态性与广西壮族人群缺血性脑卒中的遗传易感性

目的探讨细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1)基因多态性与广西地区壮族人群缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)的关系.方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和DNA序列测定法检测205例IS及210名对照者 ICAM-1基因第6外显子K469E多态性,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测IS和对照者血清ICAM-1水平. 结果 IS组ICAM-1血清水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01), ICAM-1基因K469E基因型频率和等位基因频率在IS组和对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,E等位基因携带者患IS的风险是K等位基因的1.424倍(OR=1.424,95%CI1.071～1.894),携带E等位基因的IS患者ICAM-1血清水平显著高于不携带者[(501.24±139.56)ng/ml vs(475.17±118.35)ng/ml, P<0.01]. 结论 ICAM-1基因K469E多态性与IS的发病具有相关性,E等位基因可能是广西地区壮族人群IS发病的遗传易感基因,携带E等位基因的个体可能通过促进 ICAM-1的高度表达进而增加IS的发病风险.     

黑龙江省汉族原发性高血压与CYP11B2基因多态性研究

目的探讨黑龙江汉族原发性高血压患者醛固酮合成酶(CYP11B2)基因(-344 T/C)多态性特点。方法采用限制性内切酶技术检测高血压组和对照组CYP11B2基因(-344T/C)的基因型和等位基因频率。结果高血压组基因型频率及等位基因频率的分布与正常组比较有显著差异(均P0.05)。结论黑龙江省原发性高血压的发病可能与CYP11B2基因(-344T/C)多态性有关,CYP11B2作为高血压的强候选基因,其多态性(-344T/C)通过影响醛固酮的合成分泌水平,影响肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮三者的动态平衡,影响水钠代谢,在高血压发病的病理过程中起关键作用。     

IL-6基因启动子多态性与乳腺癌风险的关联性

目的:探讨白介素-6(IL-6)基因启动子区-597G/A(rs1800797)、-572C/G(rs1800796)和-174G/C(rs1800795)三个单核苷酸多态性位点(SNP)和乳腺癌易感性的关联性。方法:按照诊断标准,入组女性乳腺癌患者176例及年龄、体重指数等相匹配的健康女性200例。提取外周静脉血DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测IL-6基因启动子区-597G/A、-572C/G和-174 G/C三个SNPs位点的基因型。利用SPSS11.5软件进行χ2检验,比较乳腺癌患者各位点基因型、等位基因频率与健康女性之间的差异,分析各位点多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关联性。结果:IL-6基因-572C/G位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布在乳腺癌组与健康组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),乳腺癌组-572C/G位点的等位基因G频率显著高于健康组(χ2=15.438,P<0.0001,OR=2.017,95%CI=1.417～2.870)。结论:IL-6基因-572C/G位点多态性与乳腺癌易感性相关联,携带有-572G/C多态性位点G等位基因的女性罹患乳腺癌的风险要高于非携带女性。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.