胃癌的CT诊断与分析

目的:分析胃癌的CT表现,旨在提高胃癌的诊断水平。材料与方法:回顾分析经手术和胃镜、病理证实的60例的CT表现。结果:全部病例均有局部或广泛胃壁增厚,其中胃窦癌29例,胃贲门癌18例,胃体癌10例,皮革胃3例。结论:CT对中晚期胃癌定位及定性有较高的诊断价值,对早期胃癌也有一定价值。     

80例胃癌的CT检查分析

目的讨论胃癌患者CT检查的价值。材料和方法对80例临床诊断并进行手术的胃癌患者进行腹部CT平扫加增强扫描。结果有56例患者于CT图像上有异常表现。其中24例表现为突向胃内的肿块影，28例表现为肿块灶内的腔内对比剂充盈区，另4例表现为胃壁广泛性增厚（皮革样胃）。64例患者伴有后腹膜或腹腔内淋巴结肿大，34例患者有腹部其他脏器转移。讨论：早期胃癌指的是癌组织仅侵及黏膜下层，而未侵及肌层的胃癌，且不论是否有淋巴结的转移。进展期胃癌指的是胃癌病灶已经侵及胃壁肌层或浆膜下和浆膜层者。由于早期胃癌未侵及肌层，胃壁增厚不明显，CT无法作出正确的诊断。必需依赖内窥镜及内镜活检来确诊。目前，CT仅能够对进展期胃癌也就是中晚期胃癌作出诊断。进展期胃癌的CT主要表现为胃壁局限性或浸润性增厚、胃壁内膜明显不规则、向腔内突出的软组织块影等。     

胃癌的CT诊断

目的：旨在提高ＣＴ对胃癌的诊断水平。方法：回顾分析经手术或纤维胃镜、病理证实的８４例胃癌ＣＴ表现。结果：全部病例均有局部或广泛胃壁增厚,其中１例早期胃癌,４例皮革胃。周围组织脏器侵犯９例,后腹膜及远处转移４例。结论：ＣＴ对中晚期胃癌定位和定位的较高的诊断价值,对早期胃癌也有一定价值。     

胃癌的多层螺旋CT诊断分析

目的探讨胃癌的CT表现及诊断价值,旨在提高胃癌的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术和胃镜、病理证实的56例胃癌患者的CT表现。结果全部患者均有局部或广泛胃壁增厚,其中肿块15例,溃疡13例,皮革胃2例,周围组织及脏器侵犯3例,腹腔及腹膜后淋巴结转移25例。远处脏器转移8例。结论 CT对胃癌定位、定性及分期有较高的诊断价值。     

胃癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT检查在胃癌诊断中的价值。材料与方法：收集经手术及胃镜活检病理证实的116例胃癌（早期8例,进展期108例）,把116例胃癌分为手术组（68例）和非手术组（48例）,分析其CT表现并与手术对照。结果：116例胃癌中,早期胃癌8例CT均未见阳性表现;进展期胃癌手术组60例中有5例CT未发现异常,检出率为91．7％。胃癌的主要CT表现为胃壁增厚、软组织肿块、侵犯周围组织器官和转移。结论：CT对进展期胃癌具有较高的检出率,对胃癌手术切除可能性判断具有重要价值。但CT在胃癌诊断中也存在一些限度。因此,对胃癌的诊断,作者主张采取临床、X线钡餐、胃镜和镜下活检及CT的“四结合”     

胃癌的CT诊断

目的 探讨胃癌CT扫描的影像表现及诊断价值。方法 对54例经胃镜活检、手术后病理证实为胃癌患者的CT平扫及增强扫描资料进行回顾性分析。结果 54例患者中早期胃癌1例，进展期胃癌53例。其中BorrmannⅠ型（蕈伞型癌）8例、BorrmannⅡ型（局限溃疡型癌）10例、BorrmannⅢ型（浸润溃疡型癌）18例、BorrmannⅣ型（浸润型癌）17例，发现CT对其正确诊断、分期及大体分型与病理对照准确率可达90．2％。结论 CT对胃癌的诊断与分期具有较高的价值，对临床治疗方案的确定、术式的选择具有重要意义。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描与胃镜检查对胃癌诊断的对照研究

目的:探讨螺旋CT双期增强扫描与胃镜检查对胃癌诊断的价值。方法:对60例经手术及病理检查证实为胃癌的患者分别行螺旋CT双期增强扫描和电子胃镜检查,比较二者在判断早期胃癌、进展期胃癌及术前分期方面的差异。结果:胃镜在早期胃癌的诊断方面优于螺旋CT双期增强扫描,对于进展期胃癌的诊断价值两者相近,判断术前分期CT有较大优势。结论:螺旋CT双期增强扫描与电子胃镜对胃癌的诊断各具优劣,只有两者相互结合,相辅相成,才能完善胃癌病变的检查。     

进展期胃癌的CT诊断及临床价值

目的:对进展期胃癌患者行螺旋CT检查,探讨其CT表现及对临床诊断、治疗的价值。方法:65例患者行CT检查,对CT表现进行分析并和手术病理作对照分析。结果:65例病例均不同程度有胃黏膜的病变,部分显示有局部肿块及胃周侵润,其中51例增强扫描,增厚的胃壁及肿块有强化,并显示有无淋巴结及肝脏转移。结论:螺旋CT对进展期胃癌诊断价值大,显示率高,可指导临床手术和治疗方案的制定。     

胃癌的CT诊断及其价值

目的：探讨胃癌的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析42例经手术或活检病理证实胃癌的临床和CT检查资料，对患者的CT表现与手术所见、纤维胃镜及胃镜下活检、胃肠钡餐检查结果进行对照分析。结果：CT能清楚地显示胃癌病变的全貌以及病变及周围脏器的关系，胃癌CT诊断准确性为71．43％。结论：胃CT检查能够发现淋巴结及脏器的转移灶，如结合纤维胃镜及胃镜下活检、胃肠钡餐等检查，能为临床及手术提供可靠的诊断及参考.     

CT对进展期胃癌的诊断评价

目的 回顾性分析了90例进展期胃癌的CT表现，探讨其诊断价值。方法 对90例胃癌增强前、后图像进行研究，并与手术、病理进行对照分析。结果 90例胃癌中，胃底贲门癌34例，胃体癌29例，胃窦癌27例，胃癌转移37例。8例粘液癌和5例低分化癌中见分层征。结论 CT检查对胃癌的TNM分期有价值，浸润型胃癌可显分层征。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.