急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期实施综合性康复护理效果的研究

目的探讨早期综合性康复护理干预对急性缺血性脑卒中的应用效果。方法选择2014年1月~2015年1月期间,我院急诊科和神经内科所收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者86例。采用随机数字表格法分为干预组和对照组,每组43例。对照组给予一般常规护理,干预组给予早期综合性康复护理。对两组急性缺血性脑卒中患者的神经功能恢复情况,功能独立性,治疗依从性以及生活质量改善进行比较和分析。结果与对照组相比,干预组急性缺血性脑卒中患者NIHSS评分值(16.28±2.10)分显著降低,而FIM评分值(104.36±9.05)分则显著提高,总依从率显著提高,高达93.02%,而不能依从的比率则显著降低,仅为6.98%,日常生活、物质功能、社会功能以及心理功能等生活质量评分均明显降低,经过统计学处理,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期综合性康复护理干预能够有效提高急性缺血性脑卒中患者临床治疗效果,治疗依从性以及生活质量。     

康复护理联合丁苯酞治疗中重度急性缺血性脑卒中患者回顾性分析

目的：分析康复护理干预联合丁苯酞治疗的中重度急性缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2013年8~10月我院收治132例的中重度急性缺血性脑卒中患者,根据是否采用康复护理干预分为两组各66例,所有患者均采用丁苯酞治疗,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在此基础上给予康复护理,比较两组患者的疗效、神经功能恢复情况、日常生活能力及不良反应等情况。结果：观察组治疗有效率93.9%,显著高于对照组81.8%,美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS评分）显著低于对照组,日常生活能力评分（ADL评分）显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：康复护理干预有助于提高丁苯酞治疗中重度急性缺血性脑卒中患者的治疗有效率,全面改善神经功能及日常生活活动能力。     

早期康复护理干预对脑卒中偏瘫患者的影响

目的探究早期康复护理干预对脑卒中偏瘫患者的影响。方法随机选取我院自2009年3月至2012年4月收入的68例脑卒中偏瘫患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组(34例)和对照组(34例)。对照组仅给予神经内科治疗及常规护理;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上给予早期康复护理,治疗30 d后观察对比两组患者的肢体运动情况及神经功能恢复情况。结果治疗后两组患者临床症状均有所缓解,但观察组的肢体运动情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05);神经功能恢复情况也比对照组显著(P<0.05)。结论在脑卒中偏瘫患者患病早期给予康复护理干预可显著改善患者肢体运动情况,而且能够促进神经功能的恢复,对于提高患者生活质量有重要的意义,其效果好于常规治疗和护理,值得临床推广。     

早期综合康复护理干预用于急性缺血性脑卒中患者护理中的效果评价

目的:观察早期综合康复护理干预用于急性缺血性脑卒中患者护理中的效果评价。方法:我院2016年10月-2017年10月接收的86例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为本次研究对象,按照是否给予早期综合康复护理将所有患者均分为实验组(43例)与对照组(43例),对照组患者给予常规护理,实验组患者给予早期综合康复护理,观察比较两组患者临床疗效。结果:实验组共有38例患者病情好转,明显多于对照组,P0.05。实验组患者共有2例患者发生不良反应,少于对照组,P0.O5。结论:对于急性缺血性脑卒中患者给予早期综合康复护理干预可有效提供个体日常生活活动能力,降低不良反应的发生。     

早期康复护理干预对急性缺血性脑卒中患者的影响

目的:探讨早期康复护理干预对急性缺血性脑卒中的护理效果,提高护理人员的护理质量。方法:随机将123例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分成观察组62例,对照组61例。观察组患者在对照组常规护理的基础上实施早期康复护理,比较两组患者生活能力评分。结果:经过护理后所有患者的生活能力与护理前比均有提高,且观察组患者的生活能力评分明显优于对照组患者,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:对脑卒中患者实施早期康复护理,患者生活能力恢复较好,临床推广价值价高。     

早期康复护理对脑卒中患者预后的影响

目的观察早期康复护理对脑卒中患者功能恢复的影响。方法选择脑卒中患者90例,按入院顺序分为干预组与对照组,各45例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予早期康复护理。结果干预后6个月,两组Fugl-Meyer指数(FMI)评分、Batthel指数(MBI)评分及神经功能缺损(NFI)评分均显著增高;干预组FMI评分及MBI评分显著高于对照组,而NFI评分显著低于对照组。结论早期康复护理有助于脑卒中患者的早期功能恢复。     

早期康复护理对急性脑卒中患者生存质量的影响研究

目的：分析急性脑卒中患者采取早期康复护理干预对生活质量产生的影响。方法随机抽取2011～2013年收治的50例急性脑卒中患者,分成观察组与对照组。两组患者均采取常规治疗和护理措施进行干预,观察组在常规基础上应用早期康复护理干预,比较两组患者的生存质量。结果观察组Fulg-Meyer评分、Barthel指数、SDS评分、SAS评分等临床指标与对照组相比,改善情况较为明显,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论急性脑卒中患者采取早期康复护理进行干预,能够明显提高患者生存质量。     

早期康复护理对缺血性脑卒中并发症与生活质量的影响

目的 探讨早期康复护理对缺血性脑卒中并发症与生活质量的影响.方法 选取2015年1月至2016年12月我院收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者134例,随机分为对照组与观察组各67例,对照组患者采用常规临床护理方式,观察组患者实施早期康复护理干预,比较两组患者的生活质量与并发症情况.结果 观察组患者褥疮、深静脉血栓、肺部感染与泌尿系统感染等发生率均明显低于对照组,同时其护理后的躯体功能、心理功能、物质生活状态、社会功能及生活质量总分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 针对缺血性脑卒中患者实施早期康复护理不仅能够积极避免并发症的发生,也有利于改善其生活质量.     

早期康复护理对急性脑卒中患者预后的影响

目的探讨早期康复护理对脑卒中患者康复效果的影响。方法将92例急性脑卒中患者随机分为观察组和对照组各46例,对照组给予常规护理治疗,观察组除了常规护理治疗外,在生命体征稳定后3d给予早期康复训练,比较两组患者疗效。结果观察组实施的早期康复训练疗效明显高于对照组,观察组总有效率为89.1%,对照组总有效率为76.1%。结论早期康复训练明显提高临床疗效,能改善患者神经功能状况,加快患者的功能恢复,从而提高脑卒中患者的生活质量,促进患者早日康复。     

早期康复护理干预对缺血性脑卒中预后的影响

目的探讨早期康复护理干预对缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能恢复、日常生活能力(ADL)的影响。方法 72h内入院的200例缺血性脑卒中患者,随机分为干预组102例,对照组98例。对照组实施常规治疗护理指导,干预组在此基础上对患者实施早期康复护理干预,分别在干预前,干预20d,干预90d,干预180d,观察比较两组患者的神经功能缺损评分(NFI)及日常生活能力评分(MBI)。结果干预组经早期康复护理干预后,干预20d的NFI、MBI评分较对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但90、180d的NFI评分较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),90、180d的MBI评分较对照组明显提高(P<0.05)。结论早期康复护理干预对缺血性脑卒中患者的神经功能恢复和日常生活能力均有明显促进作用,具有远期疗效。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.