切开复位内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤27例临床分析

目的探讨Lisfranc损伤的早期诊断及治疗策略。方法 27例Lisfranc损伤经摄应力位X线片和跖跗关节冠状位CT薄层扫描加以确诊,对其采用切开复位内固定治疗。平均随访24个月,按照美国矫形足踝协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)的中足评分标准评价治疗效果。结果根据AOFAS的中足评分标准,优17例,良8例,中2例,总优良率92.6%。均达到解剖复位,获得稳定无痛关节,患者对治疗效果满意,术后无皮肤坏死、伤口感染、内固定物断裂、再发骨折脱位等并发症。结论临床医生对Lisfranc损伤应有足够认识,重视应力位X线片和跖跗关节冠状位CT薄层扫描,切开复位后综合应用克氏针、螺钉、微型钢板等进行内固定。     

切开复位内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤27例临床分析

目的探讨Lisfranc损伤的早期诊断及治疗策略。方法 27例Lisfranc损伤经摄应力位X线片和跖跗关节冠状位CT薄层扫描加以确诊,对其采用切开复位内固定治疗。平均随访24个月,按照美国矫形足踝协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)的中足评分标准评价治疗效果。结果根据AOFAS的中足评分标准,优17例,良8例,中2例,总优良率92.6%。均达到解剖复位,获得稳定无痛关节,患者对治疗效果满意,术后无皮肤坏死、伤口感染、内固定物断裂、再发骨折脱位等并发症。结论临床医生对Lisfranc损伤应有足够认识,重视应力位X线片和跖跗关节冠状位CT薄层扫描,切开复位后综合应用克氏针、螺钉、微型钢板等进行内固定。     

切开复位微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗成人桡骨小头骨折的临床研究

目的探讨切开复位微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗成人桡骨小头骨折的临床疗效。方法选取本院2009年12月～2012年1月收治的成人桡骨小头骨折患者31例,均给予切开复位微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗,术后随访10～17个月,平均随访（12.4±3.5）个月,分析患者术后的临床指征、临床疗效、并发症情况。结果患者的术后骨折骨性愈合时间为2.1～3.5个月,平均愈合时间为（2.7±0.4）个月,住院时间为24～67d,平均住院时间为（39.2±10.6）d。23例（74.2%）患者的术后肘关节功能为优,7例（22.6%）患者的术后肘关节功能为良,1例（3.2%）患者的术后肘关节功能为可,总体优良率为96.8%。患者术后VAS疼痛评分[（4.0±0.5）分]明显低于术前VAS疼痛评分[（8.1±0.7）分],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。1例患者发生腕关节炎,1例患者发生肘关节异位骨化,未见桡神经损伤、早期桡骨头坏死、内固定松动等并发症,并发症发生率为6.5%。结论切开复位微型钢板螺钉内固定是治疗成人桡骨小头骨折的有效方法,可明显改善患者的临床病症,提高治愈率,固定牢靠且并发症少,值得临床推广使用。     

闭合复位经皮空心钉结合克氏针内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤

目的 分析采用闭合复位经皮内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤的临床疗效.方法 自2010年9月至2015年3月,共治疗Lisfranc关节损伤37例,男女比例为29∶8;年龄17～62岁,平均36.5岁.Myerson分型:A型11例,B1型ll例,B2型8例,C1型5例,C2型2例.手术均采用闭合复位经皮空心钉结合克氏针内固定.术后应用美国足踝协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行评定.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间为6～ 18月(平均12.7月).根据AOFAS踝-后足评分:优20例,良14例,中2例,差l例,优良率为91.89％.VAS由术前(7.3±1.1)分降至(1.2±0.8)分.差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 闭合复位经皮空心钉结合克氏针内固定是治疗Lisfranc关节损伤的有效方法,中间柱复位并沿Lisfranc韧带方向置人螺钉内固定是重建Lisfranc关节稳定性的关键.     

关节镜辅助下微创治疗关节内跟骨骨折

目的探讨关节镜辅助下微创治疗关节内跟骨骨折的可行性和疗效。方法对60例78足累及关节面的跟骨骨折患者,在关节镜辅助下行切开复位钢板内固定术,术后平均随访18个月（12～30个月）,通过比较术前、术后X线片和美国足踝协会（AOFAS）踝-后足功能组评分标准对其治疗效果进行评价。结果 60例78足关节内跟骨骨折患者术后X线片示复位满意,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,AOFAS评分优良率92.31%。结论对于关节内跟骨骨折,采用关节镜辅助下微创钢板内固定更接近解剖复位,术后患肢功能恢复满意且并发症少。     

Lisfranc损伤微型钢板固定与螺钉固定的疗效观察

目的观察Lisfranc损伤微型钢板固定与螺钉固定的疗效。方法选取2015年6月~2017年6月我院60例Lisfranc损伤患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为微型钢板固定组(研究组,n=30)和螺钉固定组(对照组,n=30)。观察患者足功能恢复情况[足功能评分(Maryland)]和并发症发生情况。结果研究组患者足功能恢复优良率大于对照组,并发症发生率则小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微型钢板固定相对于螺钉固定对改善Lisfranc损伤患者足功能、降低并发症发生率有一定帮助,于改善患者预后有利。     

应用微型钢板螺钉治疗足部跖骨颈骨折

目的：探讨应用微型钢板螺钉切开复位内固定治疗足部跖骨颈骨折的方法和疗效。方法对36例（67根）足部跖骨颈闭合骨折，采用国产微型钢板螺钉系统，切开复位内固定治疗。结果本组36例（67根）跖骨颈骨折均达骨性愈合，术后平均随访15个月（最长18个月，最短12个月）。根据AOFAS足拇趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评定标准，优25例，良9例，可2例，优良率94.4%。结论应用微型钢板螺钉切开复位内固定治疗足部跖骨颈骨折，改进了传统的治疗方法，固定稳定、可靠，制动时间短，术后可早期功能锻炼，是治疗跖骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

Lisfranc损伤的临床疗效分析及治疗策略探讨

目的通过观察不同方法治疗Lisfranc损伤的临床疗效,探讨Lisfranc损伤的治疗策略。方法回顾性研究6年间11例Lisfranc损伤患者闭合复位外固定治疗（1例）、切开复位螺钉内固定治疗（9例）和切开复位克氏针内固定治疗（1例）的结果。平均随访3年,按照AO-FAS中足评分标准进行评定。结果螺钉内固定疗效优良,保守治疗和单纯克氏针内固定疗效差。结论特殊的解剖关系及生物力学特点决定了除移位轻微的单关节半脱位患者可保守治疗外,绝大多数Lisfranc损伤均应提倡早期手术治疗,解剖复位和稳定的固定是获得最佳疗效的关键。     

切开复位内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤12例分析

目的 探讨切开复位内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的疗效.方法 选择跖跗关节损伤患者12例(15足).按Myerson分类:中间柱损伤6例,内侧、中间柱合并损伤3例,内侧、中间、外侧柱三柱损伤3例.应用克氏针、3.5mm空心拉力螺钉、微型钢板等内固定治疗.结果 12例患者切口均一期愈合,平均随访时间为12.6个月,术后4-6个月取出内固定器材.美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分为72-96分,优6例,良4例,中2例.结论 切开复位内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤,可达到坚强稳定跖跗关节的效果.     

中足背侧解剖锁定钢板结合克氏针治疗Lisfrance关节损伤

目的探讨并总结切开复位中足背侧解剖锁定钢板结合克氏针固定治疗Lisfrance关节损伤的临床经验。方法对收治的19例Lisfrance关节损伤患者使用中足背侧解剖锁定钢板结合克氏针固定治疗。结果 3例出现切口部分切缘坏死,经换药后愈合,余手术切口Ⅰ/甲愈合。术后平均随访10.4个月(8~15个月)。拆除内固定后,依据美国足踝外科协会AOFAS评分为72~96分(平均83.6分),优8例,良9例,可2例。结论中足背侧解剖锁定钢板体积小、占位小,符合固定部位的解剖结构方便放置且固定确切、有效,结合克氏针可有效固定复位后的Lisfrance关节,达到满意义的临床疗效。     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and intake in ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats

Rationale  Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans. Objectives  The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats. Materials and methods  In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers. Results  Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats. Conclusions  The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep

Summary The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs in the doses used.