用能量零平衡方法研究中国南方轻体力劳动健康成人的适宜能量摄入量

目的调查和分析中国南方轻体力劳动成人维持能量零平衡的膳食能量摄入水平。方法随机抽样选择32名从事轻体力劳动的南方健康成人(18～45岁)作为研究对象,在2个月内取相等间隔时间观察所选对象进餐情况和体重变化(使观察日覆盖星期一到星期天)。通过食物称重法准确记录各对象食堂内用餐情况,并用24小时回顾法收集各对象食堂外所摄入食物。用《中国食物成分表2002》计算各对象平均每天实际能量摄入量,并结合体重变化,使用能量平衡原理进行校正。结果总体对象维持能量零平衡的能量平均摄入量为(8.895±1.535)MJ/d,其中男性(10.070±1.150)MJ/d,女性(7.719±0.765)MJ/d。结论通过连续2个月内相等间隔时间称重记录进餐所有食物的净摄入量和体重变化来分析轻体力劳动成人能量零平衡时的能量摄入量,该方法简便经济、有效可行。     

我国南方成人能量代谢试验膳食制备及分析

目的探讨成人能量代谢试验中"代表性膳食"的制备方法,为研究成人每日能量摄入量提供可靠的技术手段和方法。方法采取连续7d24h膳食登记法进行膳食问卷调查,获得重现率较高的代表性食物作为食谱中食物选择的重要依据。按照能量代谢试验中膳食制备的原则及要求为34名对象设计并制备三日循环膳食,经过预试对食谱进行调整并将制作过程规范化。根据每位对象的体重采取男性40kcal/kg·d和女性35kcal/kg·d确定能量及每种食物熟重的供给量。用称重法准确获得对象膳食的实际摄入量,并采用双份饭法进行留样,最后用化学分析法测得所有食物中各营养素及能量的含量,利用能量折合系数计算得到对象的膳食能量平均摄入量。结果根据膳食问卷调查的结果选出48种食用频率≥5次/周的食物作为参考,设计出符合能量代谢试验各项原则和要求的三日循环食谱。整个试验期间总体对象体重变化较稳定,整体可视作处于能量平衡状态。化学分析法测得总体对象的膳食能量平均摄入量为(8424±1616)kJ/d(2013±386kcal/d),其中男性平均为(9990±798)kJ/d(2388±191kcal/d),女性平均为(7032±384)kJ/d(1681±92kcal/d)。结论本研究试验膳食制备的方法具有可操作性,能够满足能量代谢试验的要求,保证试验结果的准确性。     

某医学院护士学员能量摄入量和消耗量观察

目的 了解护士学员能量摄入量和消耗量，为保证学员合理营养，防止肥胶提供理论依据。方法 用膳食调查法调查能量摄入量及24h生活作业观察法计算能量消耗量，并测量体重，结果 入学半年后平均体重比入学时增加了1.7kg，超重率达到19.4%，学员能量摄入量大于消耗量。结论 学员体重增加的原因是能量摄入量大于消耗量，体力活动过少。     

限制能量平衡膳食与高蛋白膳食对超重/肥胖成人体重、肾功能、血脂影响的随机临床试验

目的探讨短期限制能量平衡膳食与高蛋白膳食模式对超重/肥胖成人体重、肾功能、血脂的影响。方法招募140名20～45岁超重/肥胖者,利用简单随机化法分为高蛋白膳食组(HP组)和限制能量平衡膳食(CRD组),干预60d,观察两组体重、体脂肪、肾功能(肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸)及血脂(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胆固醇、三酰甘油)变化。结果干预后HP组与CRD组体重分别下降8.20%±2.42%(P<0.001)和5.84%±1.90%(P<0.001);体脂肪分别下降21.72%±7.32%(P<0.001)和6.04%±7.04%(P<0.001);三酰甘油、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酐较干预前均有下降(P<0.001)。组间比较显示,除肌酐外,HP组上述指标较CRD组下降更明显(P<0.001)。CRD组尿酸较干预前降低1.80%±4.65%(P<0.001),HP组尿酸无明显变化(P=0.074);HP组尿素氮较干预前下降1.95%±3.88%(P<0.001),CRD组尿素氮无明显变化(P=0.117);两组间肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸变化率无差异(P:...     

中国北方农村健康成人不同体力活动能量消耗研究

目的对30名农村健康成人进行能量代谢及关键技术的测定,并同时对其进行双标水标定实验,获得中国北方农村成年男女不同体力活动水平的能量消耗量数据。方法选择符合纳入标准的30名北方农村健康成人为研究对象,男女各15名,严格控制实验条件,采用K4b2便携式心肺功能测定仪测量其基础代谢和7项体力活动(慢走、快走、慢跑、骑自行车、上下楼梯和看电视)的耗氧量(VO2)和二氧化碳生成量(VCO2),用微量凯式定氮法测量24小时尿氮,结合试验期间对象的体重变化,得到我国北方健康成人不同体力活动能量消耗的数据。结果各项体力活动平均能量消耗量(kJ.h-1.kg-1)为:慢走平均耗能12.60±5.54,其中男性11.46±2.19,女性15.47±6.97;快走平均耗能20.79±10.46,其中男性15.95±3.59,女性25.33±12.70;慢跑平均耗能34.78±16.00,其中男性30.45±5.07,女性38.84±21.58;骑自行车平均耗能16.47±3.95,其中男性14.77±2.57,女性18.74±4.85;上楼梯平均耗能23.55±5.05,其中男性23.61±3.43,女性23.49±6.41;下楼梯平均耗能12.46±6.30,其中男性10.43±1.27,女性14.49±8.48;看电视平均耗能3.85±1.97,其中男性3.56±0.86,女性4.16±2.79。除上楼梯消耗能量大致相等外,按公斤体重计算,男性各项体力活动能量消耗量均低于女性P<0.05。结论对于农村健康成人来说,各种体力活动能量消耗差异较大,慢走、看电视、下楼梯属于低强度体力活动快走、骑自行车、上楼梯属于中强度体力活动,慢跑属于高强度体力活动。     

石家庄市轻体力活动集体就餐人群能量摄入量研究

目的了解石家庄市事业单位轻体力劳动成年人能量摄入量状况。方法在石家庄市某事业单位选择三餐在食堂用餐的处于轻体力活动水平的38名成年人作为调查对象。采用称重记录法调查其每日的膳食种类及摄入量,并通过查阅食物成分表计算每日的能量摄入量。结果每日能量摄入量男性为(9070.0±1497.5)kJ[(2167.9±357.9)kcal)],女性为(7669.9±1396.5)kJ[(1833.2±333.8)kcal)]。以公斤体重计算,男性组为(130.9±17.4)kJ/(kg.d),女性组为(139.0±25.8)kJ/(kg.d)。男女的每日能量摄入量均比我国2000年制定的轻体力活动成年人的RNI值低。此外,受试对象全天各餐之间摄能比分别为早餐18.6%、中餐41.5%、晚餐35.0%,其中早餐摄能比值偏低。结论中国轻体力劳动成年人能量摄入的RNI值可能偏高,在评价能量摄入量时应考虑体重因素的影响。     

平衡膳食，重在“控总量、调结构”

当前．我国居民膳食存在的主要问题是不能科学、合理地把握饮食的结构和数量,畜肉类及油脂消费过多,谷类食物消费偏低．蔬菜摄入量明显偏少,每天摄入的能量大大超过身体代谢所需,多余的能量被身体转化为脂肪储存起来,从而导致超重与肥胖人口迅速增加。总体而言．对膳食结构和饮食习惯的干预．重点在于“控总量,调结构”。     

利用孕期膳食能量和体力活动进行巨大儿预测的方法探索

目的:探索在控制相关因素后,利用孕期膳食能量摄入和体力活动来预测巨大儿的方法。方法:收集866例孕妇在孕中期和孕晚期的膳食摄入和体力活动资料,待其分娩后记录新生儿出生体重。在控制相关混杂因素的条件下,拟合孕期膳食能量摄入与体力活动对巨大儿发生率的多元Logistic回归模型,建立孕期预测巨大儿发生的模型,使用ROC曲线来判断模型对巨大儿的预测能力。应用灵敏度、特异度和约登指数来探索巨大儿发生的预测函数值的分界点。结果:根据预测模型,拟合ROC曲线,得出曲线下面积AUC为0.846,表明模型有较好的预测能力。将预测函数值0.153为分界点判断是否发生巨大儿,此时的灵敏度为0.83,特异度为0.77。结论:利用孕期膳食能量摄入和体力活动探索孕期巨大儿预测模型可以经济、有效地提示胎儿生长过速的现象。建模方法可为日常围产保健工作提供借鉴。     

限能量平衡膳食联合电针疗法治疗女性超重及肥胖的临床观察

目的 观察限能量平衡膳食(calorie-restricted diet,CRD)联合电针治疗对女性超重及肥胖患者肥胖指标及人体成分的影响。方法 按照组间基线资料匹配的原则,将90例患者根据1:2的比例分为对照组30例和观察组60例。治疗过程中对照组脱落8例,观察组脱落1例。对照组采用CRD干预;观察组采用CRD联合电针治疗。观察分析两组患者不同疗程的肥胖指标(体质量、体质量指数、脂肪质量、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪指数)及人体成分指标(骨质质量、蛋白质质量、总水分质量、骨骼肌质量、基础代谢水平)。结果 两组患者治疗后体重、BMI、脂肪质量、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪指数等肥胖症指标均随疗程逐渐降低,各时点间差异均有统计学意义(P_时间<0.05);但两组间各指标差异无统计学意义(P_组间>0.05)。两组患者治疗后除骨骼肌质量外,骨质质量、蛋白质质量、总水分质量、基础代谢水平等人体成分指标均随疗程逐渐降低,各时点间差异均有统计学意义(P_时间<0.05);但两组间各指标差异无统计学意义(P_组间&g...     

基于益生菌补充的限制能量平衡膳食干预对多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗型肥胖患者的应用价值

目的 探索基于益生菌补充的限制能量平衡膳食(CRD)干预对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)胰岛素抵抗型肥胖患者氧化应激水平的影响。方法 选取我院94例PCOS胰岛素抵抗型肥胖患者为研究对象,依照饮食干预方式不同分为两组。限制组47例给予CRD干预,补充组47例在限制组基础上额外补充益生菌,对比两组胰岛素抵抗、内分泌激素、氧化应激水平。结果 干预12周后,两组空腹血糖(FPG)胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均较干预前降低,且补充组FPG、HOMA-IR[分别为(4.51±0.38)mmol/L、(1.32±0.41)]低于限制组[(4.81±0.36)mmol/L、(1.64±0.53)],差异均有统计学意义(t=3.58、3.27,P值均<0.05);两组内分泌激素各指标(LH、FSH、T、E₂)均较干预前降低,且补充组[分别为(5.02±0.53)pmol/L、(25.13±2.62)pmol/L、(70.12±6.28)nmol/L、(6.21±0.63)pg/mL]低于限制组[分别为(5.53±0.61)pmol/L、(28.02±3.05)pmol/L、...     

中国南方中青年体力活动能量消耗研究

目的研究中国南方中青年常见体力活动的能量消耗。方法通过问卷调查和体格检查筛选出轻体力活动健康中青年64名,采用k4b2便携式心肺功能测定仪测量其基础代谢和七项体力活动(慢走、快走、慢跑、骑自行车、上下楼梯和看电视)的耗氧量(VO2)和二氧化碳生成量(VCO2),用微量凯式定氮法测量24小时尿氮,利用Weir公式计算其能量消耗量。结果各项体力活动平均能量消耗量(kJ·h-1·kg-1)分别为:慢走14.77±2.47,快走22.18±3.68,慢跑41.34±7.32,骑自行车18.41±3.89,上楼梯26.11±4.18,下楼梯13.68±2.89,看电视5.06±1.09;男性各项体力活动能量消耗量均高于女性(P<0.05)。结论体力活动能量消耗差异较大,看电视为低强度体力活动,骑自行车、上下楼、慢走及快走为中强度体力活动,慢跑为高强度体力活动。     

Variability in results from predicted resting energy needs as compared to measured resting energy expenditure in Korean children

Energy needs are influenced by many factors, including ethnicity. Multiple studies have shown that the accuracy of an energy prediction equation varies with the ethnic background of the study population. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the most accurate energy prediction equation to use for a given population. This study compared measured resting energy expenditure to results from commonly-used energy prediction equations to identify the most accurate equation to use for Korean children. Based on previous literature showing wide variation in accuracy of energy prediction equations in different ethnic groups, we hypothesized that results from measured- vs. predicted energy needs would be significantly different in this population. Subjects were 92 South Korean children (38 boys, 54 girls) age 7.7 ± 2.7 years (mean ± SD). Measurements included: resting metabolic rate (TrueOne 2400 metabolic cart), weight/height (digital scale/stadiometer); body fat (BIA, Inbody720), blood pressure (sphingomanometer), triceps skinfold thickness (MD-500 skinfold calipers), muscle mass (Heymsfield's formula) and body surface area (Dubois formula) calculations. Resting energy needs were predicted using the Harris-Benedict, WHO/NAO/FAO, Altman and Dittmer, Maffeis, and Schofield-HW equations, and the Dietary Reference Intake recommendations. Measured and predicted energy needs were significantly correlated (P < .001 for all; range R² = 0.54-0.56), yet significantly different for all equations studied (P < .05) except the Maffeis and Schofield-HW equations. Differences (means ± SD) between measured vs. predicted energy needs ranged from 9.5 ± 123.2 (Schofield-HW) to 199.6 ± 132.7 (WHO/NAO/FAO) kcal/day, where a value closer to zero indicates increased accuracy of the prediction equation to correspond to measured energy needs. Although results from equations studied were significantly correlated with measured resting energy needs, notable discrepancies existed which, over time, could produce undesirable weight changes in Korean children.     

Anthropometric measured fat-free mass as essential determinant of resting energy expenditure for pregnant and non-pregnant women

Objective

There is conflicting evidence as to whether anthropometric parameters are related to resting energy expenditure (REE) during pregnancy. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to precisely assess a major anthropometric determinant of REE for pregnant and non-pregnant women with verification of its use as a possible predictor.

Methods

One hundred fifty-two randomly recruited, healthy, pregnant Czech women were divided into groups G1 and G2. G1 (n = 31) was used for determination of the association between anthropometric parameters and REE. G2 (n = 121) and a group of non-pregnant women (G0; n = 24) were used for verification that observed relations were suitable for the prediction of REE during pregnancy. The women in the study groups were measured during four periods of pregnancy for REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters after 12 h of fasting.

Results

Associations were found in all groups between measured REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters such as weight, fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area, and body mass index (P < 0.0001). The best derived predictor, REE/FFM (29.5 kcal/kg, r = 0.70, P < 0.0001), in group G1 was statistically verified in group G2 and compared with G0.

Conclusion

Anthropometrically measured FFM with its metabolically active components is an essential determinant of REE in pregnancy. REE/FFM can be used for the prediction of REE in pregnant and non-pregnant woman.     

恶性肿瘤病人静息能量消耗研究的进展

处于不同生理或病理状态的机体 ,能量代谢特征不尽相同。在癌症病人中 ,由于肿瘤生长以及由此产生的机体代谢变化 ,使得肿瘤病人的能量代谢有其特殊性。本文对肿瘤病人的静息能量消耗研究进展进行了综述。一般认为 ,恶性肿瘤病人术前静息能量代谢较正常人有所升高 ,但有资料显示某些恶性肿瘤病人术前能量代谢并无变化。肿瘤部位、大小、分期、分型、治疗措施等的不同 ,对人体代谢有不同影响 ,且不同资料之间还存在着彼此矛盾之处     

Comparison of total energy intakes estimated by 24-hour diet recall with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method in adults

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and is also useful for verifying the validities of dietary evaluation tools. In this study, we compared the accuracy of total energy intakes (TEI) estimated by the 24-h diet recall method with TEE obtained using the doubly labeled water method.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis study involved 71 subjects aged 20–49 yrs. Over a 14-day period, three 24-h diet recalls per subject (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) were used to estimate energy intakes, while TEE was measured using the DLW method. The paired t-test was used to determine the significance of differences between TEI and TEE results, and the accuracy of the 24-h recall method was determined by accuracy predictions percentage, root mean square error, and bias.RESULTSAverage study subject age was 33.4 ± 8.6 yrs. The association between TEI and TEE was positive and significant (r = 0.463, P < 0.001), and the difference between TEI (2,084.3 ± 684.2 kcal/day) and TEE (2,401.7 ± 480.3 kcal/day) was also significant (P < 0.001). In all study subjects, mean TEI was 12.0% (307.5 ± 629.3 kcal/day) less than mean TEE, and 12.2% (349.4 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in men and 11.8% (266.7 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in women. Rates of TEI underprediction for all study subjects, men, and women, were 60.5%, 51.4%, and 66.7%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that 24-h diet recall underreports energy intakes. More research is needed to corroborate our findings and evaluate the accuracy of 24-h recall with respect to additional demographics.