急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者冠脉病变特点及再灌注疗法的效果

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)合并心源性休克患者的冠脉病变特点及再灌注疗法的效果。方法　以74例AMI患者为对象 ,按是否合并心源性休克分为休克组 16例 ,非休克组 5 8例 ,对比两组患者的临床资料 ,冠脉造影及再灌注疗法对预后的影响。结果　休克组院内病死率显著高于非休克组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;休克组各种并发症比例均显著高于非休克组 ,其中梗死延展休克组发生率为 38% ,非休克组为 5 % (P <0 0 1) ;冠脉造影显示 ,休克组 3支病变显著高于非休克组 (P <0 0 1) ,前者 99%以上的严重狭窄病变多、钙化严重及侧支循环发育不良。再灌注治疗后 ,梗死相关冠脉再通率休克组显著低于非休克组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,休克组院内病死率受梗死相关冠脉再通与否的影响 ,再通的 6例仅 1例死亡 ,而未再通的 5例 3例死亡。结论　AMI合并心源性休克患者 ,冠脉病变严重、复杂 ,病死率高 ,改善预后的关键是恢复再灌注及预防梗死延展。     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的研究进展

心源性休克是急性心肌梗死的严重并发症 ,是引起急性心肌梗死患者死亡的主要原因。本文综述了急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克在定义、发生机制和治疗等方面的研究进展。     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克介入治疗15例

据文献报道 ,急性心肌梗死 (AMI)合并心源性休克时 ,内科药物治疗的病死率达 80 %以上 ,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA )可降低病死率至 5 0 %以下。 1994～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我院对15例 AMI合并心源性休克患者行 PTCA治疗 ,效果良好。现报告如下。临床资料 :15例均为我院收治的 AMI患者 ,男 12例 ,女3例 ;年龄 30～ 72岁 ,平均 (5 8± 10 .6 )岁。前侧壁心梗 6例 ,下后壁心梗 9例。休克发病至行 PTCA时间均在 6 h之内。 15例均符合心源性休克诊断标准 :1收缩压 (SBP) <80 m m Hg;2左室舒张末期压 >2 0 mm Hg;3有明显末梢灌注不足表现…     

急性心肌梗死伴心源性休克的治疗

目的：本文观察早期冠状动脉再通及其他辅助治疗对急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）合并心源性休克患者转归的影响。方法：对ＡＭＩ伴心源性休克的１７例患者进行回顾性研究，除外１例合并心室间隔穿孔。其余１６例患者分为药物组５例，仅应用药物治疗；介入组１１例接受溶栓，行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术、行支架术、主动脉内球囊反搏、呼吸机辅助呼吸等治疗。介入组患者经冠状动脉造影后根据心肌梗死溶栓试验（ＴＩＭＩ）分级进一步分为再通组与未再通组。对药物组和介入组，再通组和未再通组住院期间病死率进行了比较。结果：药物组患者住院期间全部死亡，病死率１００％。介入组患者４例死亡，病死率３６％，较药物组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。介入组患者经冠状动脉造影未再通组（ＴＩＭＩ０～Ⅰ级）４例，３例死亡，病死率７５％，再通组（ＴＩＭＩⅡ～Ⅲ级）７例，死亡１例，病死率１４％，与未再通组比较病死率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：早期冠状动脉再通，同时应用主动脉内球囊反搏，辅助呼吸等治疗将有效地降低ＡＭＩ伴心源性休克患者的病死率     

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的监护

本资料为我院2001年8月～2002年4月间急诊科救治的急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心源性休克者共8例。其中男性7例,女性1例,平均年龄42～68岁。经过积极救治及严密监护后,均取得显著效果。     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克诊治进展

心源性休克(CS)是急性心肌梗死(AMI)最严重的并发症之一,也是导致患者死亡最常见的原因。血管活性药物、机械循环支持、早期血运重建等措施广泛应用于AMI合并CS的急诊救治,但AMI合并CS的病死率仍居高不下。本文主要探讨近年来AMI合并CS的临床诊治进展。     

急性心肌梗死心源性休克诊疗进展

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克指心肌梗死患者的心力衰竭导致终末器官低灌注状态,主要依靠血流动力学指标诊断。数十年来心源性休克发病率没有改变,但住院期间心源性休克发病率降低,病死率降低至50％左右。临床上早期正确诊断心源性休克是前提,尽快冠脉血管重建术包括经皮冠脉介入术和冠脉搭桥术是提高生存率的关键,积极有效的药物支持治疗是基础,主动脉内球囊反搏是最广泛应用的有效机械辅助支持手段,以及其他机械辅助支持。     

急性心肌梗死心源性休克诊疗进展

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克指心肌梗死患者的心力衰竭导致终末器官低灌注状态,主要依靠血流动力学指标诊断。数十年来心源性休克发病率没有改变,但住院期间心源性休克发病率降低,病死率降低至50%左右。临床上早期正确诊断心源性休克是前提,尽快冠脉血管重建术包括经皮冠脉介入术和冠脉搭桥术是提高生存率的关键,积极有效的药物支持治疗是基础,主动脉内球囊反搏是最广泛应用的有效机械辅助支持手段,以及其他机械辅助支持。     

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的临床特征

目的分析急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者的临床特征。方法连续收集我院1995年2005年初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者资料,按照是否有心源性休克分为两组。分析患者一般情况、化验指标、危险因素、并发症和病死率的差异。结果休克组年龄显著高于非休克组[（70±9）岁vs（63±12）岁,P<0.01];两组间血清磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、WBC和电解质水平无显著差异;休克组吸烟者明显少于非休克组（19%vs52%,P<0.01）,其他危险因素无显著差异;休克组心律失常和心脏破裂的发生率显著增高,病死率明显高于非休克组（83%vs8%,P<0.01）。结论高龄是心肌梗死并发心源性休克的关键因素之一,心源性休克患者临床情况更为凶险,预后不良。     

急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克(cardiogenic shock,CS)患者的近期预后和影响病死率的独立危险因素,为CS患者的死亡风险评估提供参考.方法 采用国际多中心CREATE研究的中国ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者517例资料,平均年龄(68.5±10.3)岁,男性患者占57.6%.用单变量和多变量logistic回归分析合并CS患者的基线特征因素和治疗因素与30 d病死率的相关性.结果 517例CS患者30 d的病死率为62.3%(322例).将全部变量进行多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.46,95%GI:1.18～1.81)、前壁梗死(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.29～3.11)、入院基线血糖＞7.8 mmol/L(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.26～3.73)、血钠＜130 mmoL/L(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.21～4.04)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)＜40%或重度左心功能障碍(LVD)(OR=3.78,95%CI:2.28～6.27)、未紧急血运重建(OR=3.53,95%CI:1.20～10.41)和使用利尿剂(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.21～2.97)是30 d病死率增加的独立危险因素.仅包含基线特征变量的logistic回归分析显示,上述前5项基线变量是死亡的独立基线危险因素.受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析两个回归模型均有较高的判别死亡高危患者的能力,ROC下面积分别为0.81(95%CI:0.77～0.86)和0.80(95%CI:0.75～0.84).结论 STEMI并发CS的患者30 d病死率超过60%,年龄等基线因素和未紧急血运重建等治疗因素是影响30 d病死率的独立危险因素.     

主动脉内球囊反搏治疗急性心肌梗塞并心源性休克56例疗效观察

目的:观察主动脉球囊反搏术(IABP)辅助治疗急性心肌梗塞(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效。方法:对比分析56例AMI合并心源性休克患者应用IABP前后的血液动力学改变。结果:56例AMI合并心源性休克患者接受IABP治疗后血压[收缩压(113.3±17.5)mmHg∶(76.5±15.3)mmHg,舒张压(62.2±10.3)mmHg∶(31.1±10.2)mmHg]、心率[(82±14)次/min∶(118±27)次/min]、心指数[(3.91±1.12)L/min.m2∶(2.03±0.20)L/min.m2]较术前有显著改善(P均0.01)。结论:对急性心肌梗塞合并心源性休克患者行主动脉球囊反搏术可有效改善血流动力学状态,是有效的辅助治疗手段。     

Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the most common cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In addition to percutaneous coronary intervention, inotropes, and fluids, intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) is most widely used for initial haemodynamic stabilization. However, the main limitation of IABP is the lack of active circulatory support and the requirement of a certain level of left ventricular (LV) function. In many patients with severe depression of LV function, haemodynamic support and LV unloading derived from IABP is insufficient to reverse CS. The use of percutaneous LV assist devices (LVAD) with active circulatory support might be beneficial in CS patients not responding to standard treatment including IABP support. This review reports the current experience of percutaneous LVAD in CS complicating AMI.     

急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克47例治疗和死亡原因分析

目的 评价急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克47例患者的临床疗效,寻求降低病死率、改善预后的措施.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年5月共47例心肌梗死合并心原性休克患者,运用心血管活性药物、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)、介入手术或冠状动脉旁路移植术的治疗效果.结果 IABP治疗47例(100%),再血管化治疗41例(87.3%),死亡17例(36.2%).经药物和IABP治疗,在接受再血管化前死亡的患者占死亡数的35.3%(6/17),再血管化后死亡的患者占死亡数的64.7%(11/17).死于心功能衰竭者9例,死于肾功能衰竭和呼吸功能衰竭者8例.11例出现急性肾功能衰竭的患者全部死亡.急性肾功能衰竭(r=0.734,P=0.000)、急性呼吸功能衰竭(r=0.606,P=0.000)和糖尿病(r=0.372,P=0.012)与死亡有相关关系.结论 尽管急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克的治疗有了很大的发展,但病死率仍然较高,主要死因是急性心力衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭和急性呼吸功能衰竭.要进一步降低急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克患者住院病死率,可能需要更好的循环辅助装置及加强重要器官的保护.     

Unequal access to interventional cardiac care in Nova Scotia in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial and continues to be associated with a high mortality rate. The present study evaluated the outcomes of all patients having AMI complicated by CS in a single Canadian province. METHODS: All consecutive patients diagnosed with AMI and CS from October 1997 to December 2002 in Nova Scotia were included in the present study. The Improving Cardiac Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS) registry was used as the principal source of data. The outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 11,300 patients with AMI were identified, with 707 complicated by CS, for an incidence of AMI+CS of 6.3%. The overall mortality rate for patients with AMI+CS was 60.1%. Multivariate regression analysis identified age older than 65 years (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.9) and renal insufficiency (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2) as independent predictors of mortality, while access to invasive cardiac care (defined as admission or transfer to the only cardiac catheterization-capable centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia) was found to be an independent predictor of survival (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.5). Access to invasive cardiac care was limited to 414 (59%) patients, 250 (35%) of whom actually underwent cardiac catheterization. CONCLUSIONS: Admissions to a tertiary care centre that can provide invasive care was independently associated with improved survival, and older age and renal insufficiency were associated with death among patients with AMI and CS.     

主动脉内球囊反搏术在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者冠状动脉介入术中的疗效评估

目的评价急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者行急诊介入治疗时常规主动脉内球囊反搏术（IABP）的可行性及有效性。方法41例在IABP支持下行急诊介入治疗的合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者为治疗组,将同期行急诊介入治疗但没有行IABP支持的合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者47例设为对照组 比较两组术后2周、3个月的左室功能,评价2组术后30天以及3个月的MACE事件发生率。结果IABP组患者术后2周、3个月的左室功能较对照组明显改善（43.8%±8.2%比39.4%±5.9%,45.5%±6.6%比40.6%±4.6%,P均〈0.05） 两组患者术后30天（16/41比30/47）、3个月（18/41比33/47）的MACE事件差异也有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）,其中IABP组在降低术后30天、3个月的死亡率方面尤为明显（30天16/41比对照组30/47,3个月18/41比对照组33/47,P均〈0.05）。结论对合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI同时采用IABP支持治疗能有效改善左室功能和减少主要心血管不良事件的发生率。     

Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

The adverse impact of the development of cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction was first described by Killip and Kimball in 1967. While the inhospital mortality rate in patients with myocardial infarction and no evidence of heart failure was only 6%, the mortality rate in those patients who developed cardiogenic shock was 81%. Despite advances in cardiovascular care and therapy since that initial report, including universal institution of cardiac care units, advances in hemodynamic monitoring, new inotropic and vasodilating agents, and even increasing utilization of thrornbolytic therapy, the mortality from acute myocardial infarction, when complicated by cardiogenic shock, remains disturbingly high, and cardiogenic shock remains the leading cause of death of hospitalized patients following acute myocardial infarction.The grave prognosis associated with this condition has resulted in increased interest in potential therapeutic interventions, particularly in the area of reperfusion therapy. Several studies suggest that, in contrast to the beneficial effects of thrombolytic therapy in most patient populations suffering acute myocardial infarction, mortality rates are not decreased in those patients with cardiogenic shock at the time of lytic administration. Thrombolytic administration does, however, appear to lead to a modest reduction in the percent of patients with myocardial infarction who will subsequently develop cardiogenic shock during hospitalization.Reperfusion rates with lytic therapy in patients with cardiogenic shock are disappointingly low, in the range of 42–48%, significantly lower than those achieved in patients without cardiogenic shock. These low perfusion rates may, in part, be explained by decreased coronary blood flow and perfusion pressure in patients with left ventricular pump failure.Although promising as adjunctive therapy, it is unclear whether institution of balloon counterpulsation has any long-term benefit in patients with cardiogenic shock treated with thrombolytic therapy. Whether other or additional interventions, such as coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), decrease mortality rates in patients with cardiogenic shock remains to be determined.