9666例鼻咽喉部肿瘤病理分析

目的　了解鼻、咽、喉肿瘤发病的年龄、性别、部位及与病理类型的关系。方法　对华西医院病理科在 1 984～ 1 999年间全部经病理诊断的 9666例鼻、咽、喉肿瘤组织学类型的构成进行分析。结果　①良、恶性肿瘤之比为 1∶8 6 ,在鼻咽部为 1∶62 0 ;②良性肿瘤 2 1种 ,以乳头状瘤、血管纤维瘤和血管瘤多见 ;③恶性肿瘤 2 5种 ,癌和肉瘤之比为 1 1 98∶1 ,以分化型非角化鳞状细胞癌最多见 ;④恶性肿瘤患者的发病年龄较良性肿瘤者约长 1 0岁 ,且男性患者多于女性 ;⑤良性肿瘤以口咽鳞状上皮乳头状瘤最常见 ;恶性肿瘤以鼻咽癌为主 ,肉瘤以鼻腔淋巴瘤最常见。结论　鼻、咽、喉肿瘤的发病年龄、性别和部位与肿瘤的组织病理类型有一定关系     

鼻腔及咽部转移性肿瘤11例临床病理分析

目的 探讨鼻腔及咽部转移性肿瘤的临床病理特点、诊断及鉴别诊断依据.方法 对11例鼻腔及咽部转移性肿瘤患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析.11例患者中男7例,女4例;发病年龄46～78岁.鼻腔5例(原发肾3例、肺1例、肝1例)、鼻咽部3例(原发直肠1例、肺1例、眼睑1例)、腭扁桃体2例(原发肺1例、肝1例)及喉咽部1例(原发肝1例).11例患者在临床上无特异性的症状和体征.治疗方法为转移灶的根治性手术配合全身系统治疗.结果 组织学类型以透明细胞癌最为多见(4/11),其他依次为腺癌(2/11),肝细胞肝癌(2/11),管状腺癌(1/11),肝内胆管癌(1/11),睑板腺癌(1/11).结论 鼻腔及咽部转移性肿瘤少见,既往病史、转移灶的形态学特征及原发性肿瘤的病理学诊断是鼻腔及咽部转移性肿瘤的主要诊断依据.治疗方法为转移灶的根治性手术配合全身系统治疗.     

原发性咽旁隙肿瘤的临床及病理分析

目的 研究原发性咽旁隙肿瘤的临床特征、诊疗方法、手术并发症及预后.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院1994年1月～2005年12月收治的135例原发性咽旁隙肿瘤病例.结果 本组病例共包括24个病种,以神经源性最为多见(72.6%),其次为涎腺来源的肿瘤(15.6%),其他类型少见(11.8%),其中良性121例(89.6%),恶性肿瘤14例(10.4%).135例患者中,132例进行了手术治疗,其中最常用的手术入路是颈侧切开.11例手术的良性肿瘤患者中,4例术后局部复发.至随访期末,14例恶性肿瘤患者中5例(35.7%)死亡,5例患者带瘤生存(35.7%),4例患者无瘤生存(28.6%).结论 咽旁隙肿瘤较少见且多为良性,手术切除是主要的治疗方法.咽旁隙的良性肿瘤手术效果良好,恶性肿瘤预后较差.     

咽旁隙肿瘤50例临床分析

目的：探讨咽旁隙肿瘤的临床病理特点，寻找最佳手术入路。方法：对15年间收治的50例咽旁隙肿瘤病人相关临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：50例中原发肿瘤46例，转移癌4例。原发肿瘤中以涎腺肿瘤和神经源性肿瘤最为常见，分别占36％(18／50)和32％(16／50)，其他少见肿瘤占24％(12／50)。肿瘤主要表现为临近器官和结构受压所出现的症状，包括咽喉部不适、局部疼痛、鼻阻塞和耳部症状、气道阻塞、第Ⅸ～XII脑神经损害症状和Horner氏征等。44例接受不同入路的手术治疗。结论：咽旁隙肿瘤临床表现复杂，病理类型多样，且恶性肿瘤预后差。手术入路以颈-腮腺入路较理想，术野宽敞清晰，瘤体显露充分，适于绝大多数咽旁隙肿瘤的手术治疗。     

鼻腔鼻窦少见肿瘤10例临床病理分析

目的增加对鼻腔鼻窦少见肿瘤的认识,为临床积累资料。方法回顾分析10例鼻腔鼻窦少见肿瘤的临床资料,其中良、恶性肿瘤各5例。结果 3例经2次以上活检确诊,2例曾误诊为鼻息肉,3例行2次以上手术,1例多形性腺瘤多次手术复发后恶变,术后2-3年无复发7例,6-10个月复发3例。结论鼻腔鼻窦少见肿瘤的临床表现无特异性,易被误诊,确诊需依靠病理检查或特殊的病理检查,活检应多点深取,疑多形性腺瘤者避免反复刺激,宜完整切除后送病检。预后与肿瘤的病理性质、生物学行为及手术切除范围等有关,足够大的手术范围是减少复发的关键。     

鼻和口咽梅毒的临床病理特点

目的 非性病专业临床和病理医生对鼻、口咽部梅毒误诊率较高，探讨检测活体组织内梅毒螺旋体的方法，以提高鼻、口咽部梅毒检出率。方法 以12例鼻、口咽部可疑梅毒螺旋体感染的活检黏膜为研究对象，用HE染色观察其病理学特点，用改良的Warthin-Starry(W-S)染色法检测病变组织及其渗出物涂片中的梅毒螺旋体。用性病研究实验室试验（venereal disease research laboratory,VDRL)、快速血浆反应素试验（rapid plasma reagin circle test,RPR)、荧光螺旋体抗体吸收试验（fluorescent trepnemal antibody-absorption test,FTA-ABS)、螺旋体血细胞凝集试验（trepnema pallidum hemagglutination test,TPHA)加以证实。用国家颁布的驱梅方法进行治疗。结果 W-S染色显示12例切片黏膜上皮中及6例渗出物涂片内见大量梅毒螺旋体，固有膜内螺旋体很少发现。血清学检查：11例次VDRL（ ），7例次RPR（ ），1例次FTA-ABS（ ），11例次TPHA（ ）。1例回当地治疗，未作血清学检查。11例均临床治愈，血清学检查均转阴性。结论 用病理组织化学改良的W-S染色方法，能直观地显示活检标本及渗出物涂片内梅毒螺旋体，结论临床及梅毒血清学检查，可以提高鼻及口咽部梅毒的检出率。     

2353例鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤临床病理分析

目的：了解我科20年来鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤的发生特点及其临床病理特征，方法：用常规病理方法分析了活检或手术切除的2353例鼻腔鼻窦良性肿瘤。恶性肿瘤的构成及其临床病理特点，结果：良性肿瘤20种，584例，占28．82％，恶性肿瘤25种，1769例，占75．18％，最常见的良性肿瘤分别是内翻性乳头状瘤，血管瘤和骨瘤，分别占该组病变的43．32％，15．75％，12．33％，最常见的恶性肿瘤分别为鳞状细胞癌，恶性淋巴瘤和腺癌，分别占该组病变的66．67％、14．13％、5．94％。结论：发生于鼻腔鼻窦区的新生物，在临床病理学上具有多样性和复杂性的特点。     

鼻软骨肉瘤的临床与病理特点

软骨肉瘤(chondrosarcoma,CS)好发于骨盆、股骨、肋骨及肩胛骨等，原发于鼻部者非常少见。据文献报道，排除发生于喉、颅底、下颌骨者，原发于鼻腔鼻窦的软骨肉瘤仅占鼻腔鼻窦及鼻咽部非上皮性肿瘤的4％，因此被认为是少见的肿瘤之一。我科近10年来仅收治1例，现报告如下。     

2 353例鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤临床病理分析

目的:了解我科20年来鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤的发生特点及其临床病理特征。方法:用常规病理方法分析了活检或手术切除的2 353例鼻腔鼻窦良性肿瘤,恶性肿瘤的构成及其临床病理特点。结果:良性肿瘤20种,584例,占24.82%;恶性肿瘤25种,1 769例,占75.18%。最常见的良性肿瘤分别是内翻性乳头状瘤,血管瘤和骨瘤,分别占该组病变的43.32%,15.75%,12.33%;最常见的恶性肿瘤分别为鳞状细胞癌,恶性淋巴瘤和腺癌,分别占该组病变的66.67%、14.13%、5.94%。结论:发生于鼻腔鼻窦区的新生物,在临床病理学上具有多样性和复杂性的特点。     

耳鼻咽喉横纹肌肉瘤17例临床分析

目的 :提高对发生于耳鼻咽喉的横纹肌肉瘤的认识。方法 :回顾性分析耳鼻咽喉部横纹肌肉瘤 17例患者的临床资料。结果 :耳鼻咽喉部横纹肌肉瘤以男性多见 ,多发生于鼻部 ;病理分型以胚胎型多见 ;临床分期 : 期 3例 , 期 4例 , 期 8例 , 期 2例。临床表现与肿瘤的部位和大小有关。以综合治疗为主 ,预后较差。结论 :本病易误诊 ,早期诊断、综合治疗将有利于其预后。     

CNS complications of ear, nose and throat infections: an analysis of 50 consecutive cases

Sixty-four diverse central nervous system (CNS) complications were noted in a series of 50 patients initially suffering from an otorhinological infection. Thirty-five patients (70%) were in pediatric age groups (1-15 years). Twelve patients (24%) had more than one complication. Mortality rates were 16% in patients with one CNS complication and 25% in patients with multiple complications. Overall mortality rate was 18%. Leptomeningitis was the most common intracranial complication (42%) occurring, mainly in pediatric patients. Lateral sinus thrombosis (LST) was accompanied with other intracranial abnormalities in 72% of the cases. Brain abscess as an initial or concomitant complication was associated with the highest mortality rates (44%). Three of these fatal cases had multiple brain abscess. The rarity of intracranial suppurations secondary to ear and nose infections and the masking effect of the antibiotics bring difficulties in the early detection of CNS complications. Although the modern imaging techniques contribute to the recognition and localization of the intracranial pathology, the clinical investigation is still of paramount importance in detection of the original infection in the pneumatic spaces of the upper respiratory tract.     

Ear, nose and throat foreign bodies in Melanesian children: an analysis of 1037 cases

OBJECTIVE: Occurrence of foreign bodies (FBs) in ear, nose and throat (ENT) in children are not uncommon in clinical practice. We described our experience with ENT foreign bodies in Melanesian children. METHOD: The study was carried out at the tertiary referral center which is also a University teaching hospital. The 15-year period from 1990 to 2004, 1037 cases of ENT foreign bodies were managed. The clinical, operative and follow up data of these patients were collected from available clinic cards and admission charts. A retrospective analysis was made with these data. RESULTS: Foreign bodies in the external auditory canal constituted 711 (68.6%) cases. It was followed by nose in 258 (24.9%), pharynx in 26 (2.5%), esophagus in 21 (2.0%) and laryngotracheobronchial (LTB) tree in 21 (2.0%) cases. Innumerable varieties of foreign bodies were removed from the ear. The common ones were stones in 277 (39.0%), seeds in 142 (20.0%), plastic ornament beads in 70 (9.8%) and cotton in 48 (6.8%) cases. Six hundred and thirteen (86.2%) of them were removed under microscope at the clinic without any complications. The difficult ones in uncooperative children were removed in the operation theatre. They numbered 98 (13.8%). The nasal foreign bodies were exclusively limited up to the age of 12 years. Common nasal foreign bodies were foam in 54 (20.9%), seeds in 51 (19.8%), stone in 28 (10.9%) and ornament beads in 24 (9.3%) cases. Two hundred and forty-six (95.3%) of them were removed in the clinic. Only 12 (4.7%) were removed in the operation theatre. Fishbone was the commonest (23, 90.2%) foreign body encountered in the pharynx of the children. Coins were the exclusive esophageal foreign bodies in children and all were removed in the operation theatre under general anesthesia. In the LTB tree the FBs were mostly localized to the right main bronchus which occurred in 11 (52.4%) cases. This was followed by the trachea in four (19.1%) cases. The different types of FBs encountered were coffee beans in eight (38.0%), peanuts in five (23.8%), plant seeds in three (14.2%) cases. We encountered two mortalities in these LTB FB patients. CONCLUSIONS: Otolaryngological foreign bodies in children are common. For early diagnosis a high index of suspicion has to be maintained by pediatric otolaryngologist.     

硫酸二甲酯急性中毒在鼻咽喉的表现与转归观察

目的 观察硫酸二甲酯急性中毒在鼻、咽、喉部的表现与转归。方法 22例硫酸二甲酯急性中毒患者，根据其与毒物的接触情况分为直接接触组、消防员1组、消防员2组和医护组，均由专人全程检查、治疗。仔细观察患者临床经过，重点分析其鼻咽喉部的病理表现与转归。结果 鼻塞、频繁喷嚏是鼻部主要症状。均有与中毒程度相平行的鼻腔伪膜形成；咽部表现主要有悬雍垂和软腭充血水肿，病情与中毒程度呈正比；中度以上中毒者均可出现喉梗阻；重度中毒者可出现声带坏死、固定。结论 硫酸二甲酯急性中毒时可以伴有明显的鼻咽喉病变，及时处理有利于缩短病程，促进恢复。     

发生于耳鼻咽喉部的原发性神经内分泌癌4例

目的：探讨发生于耳鼻咽喉部的原发性神经内分泌癌的的病理、临床特性及治疗方法；方法：喉非典型类癌1例，行会厌切除术；鼻咽部非典型类癌1例。行放疗；中耳类癌1例，行右中耳探查及乳突根治术；右鼻腔小细胞神经内分泌癌1例，行鼻右侧切开肿瘤切除术及放疗。结果：喉非典型类癌及鼻咽部非典型类癌患者分别于5年和1年后死亡；中耳类癌患者随访3年右耳术腔干洁；右鼻腔小细胞神经内分泌癌随访2年未见复发。结论：发生于耳鼻咽喉部的原发性神经内分泌癌可分为类癌、非典型类癌、小细胞神经内分泌癌。类癌为低度恶性。小细胞神经内分泌癌为高度恶性，非典型类癌介于二者之间。治疗以手术切除为主．     

艾滋病的耳鼻咽喉表现

目的总结艾滋病患者在耳鼻咽喉的临床表现.方法10例艾滋病的临床资料回顾性分析.结果10例艾滋病患者,有卡波氏肉瘤8例,颈部肿块8例,皮肤、口腔咽喉黏膜溃疡4例,上呼吸道梗阻行气管切开术2例,单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎者1例.结论艾滋病患者以咽喉、口腔部卡波氏肉瘤及黏膜溃疡出现最早,应引起高度警惕及重视.