硅胶乳房假体表面改性的实验研究及CT评价

目的：研究乳房假体表面改性对减少纤维囊壁形成的影响及CT评价。方法：利用钴^60共辐射的方法把亲水性单体N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(N-VP)接枝到硅胶乳房假体表面，改变其表面特性后植入兔的背部，以未经改性的正常假体作为对照组，隔一定时间通过组织切片及CT扫描的方法观察假体周围纤维囊壁的形成情况。结果：与对照组相比，改性后假体周围的炎症反应较轻，形成的纤维囊壁在各个时间段均薄于对照组；CT扫描显示术后8个月，改性的硅胶假体外形无明显改变，而未改性组外形显著改变。结论：在硅胶乳房假体表面接枝N-VP后可以有效地改善假体表面的组织相容性，减少周围纤维囊壁的形成。     

隆乳后纤维囊摘除术中所见及临床分析

乳房硅凝胶假体纤维包囊 (下简称纤维囊 ) ,是乳房假体置入人体后引起组织反应形成的纤维组织包裹。如果纤维囊发生挛缩 ,在临床上就会导致乳房不对称、上移、变硬、疼痛等症状[1] 。我们自 1993年以来共接诊 19例纤维囊性挛缩者 ,15例经过手术摘除纤维囊及假体。现将术中所见 ,结合临床分析 ,报道如下。一、临床资料本组纤维囊性挛缩共 19例 ,年龄 2 5～ 4 2岁 ,2 9只乳房 ,左乳 17只 ,右乳 12只。其中 16例为乳晕切口 ,3例为腋下切口。假体均置入胸大肌后间隙 ,皆为国产 (成都 )光面硅凝胶假体。纤维囊性挛缩按Baker分类 :Ⅱ级 8只 ;Ⅲ级…     

隆乳术后纤维包膜囊完整摘出一例

病例女,32岁。因双侧乳房发育不良于1989年1月在全麻下经乳房下皱襞切口行胸大肌下硅胶囊假体置入隆乳术。手术过程及术后恢复顺利。术后2周出院并即行乳房按摩。1992年5月发现右侧乳房缩小变硬,呈圆球状。1994年5月经门诊检查以右乳硅胶囊周围纤维包膜囊形成(Backer 氏Ⅲ级)入院治疗。住院前检查血小板9.5万,余正常。在全麻下行纤维包膜囊切除术。术中见硅胶囊四周形成一层厚约0.3 cm 的坚韧纤维包膜,呈褐白色,外与周围组织粘连紧密,剥离困难,内与假体间滑动自如。在剥离显露出纤维包膜囊前     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶在乳房纤维包膜挛缩病例中的应用(Ⅱ)

目的　介绍一种治疗硅胶囊假体隆乳术后纤维包膜挛缩的有效治疗方法和新材料。方法　从 1997年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 9月 ,用此方法治疗 16 7只因硅胶囊假体隆乳引起纤维包膜挛缩的乳房 ,根据包膜囊内有无出血分为Ⅰ期置换或Ⅱ期置换 ,对包膜严重挛缩或乳房下皱襞高低不一致的病例提出具体的矫正方法 ,对取出假体后能否Ⅰ期置换水凝胶和严重挛缩的包膜腔是否能在扩大分离后Ⅰ期置入水凝胶作了分析。结果　本组 16 7只乳房除 3例 4只乳房在术中分离扩大包膜腔和 1只乳房置换术后因外伤造成出血更换水凝胶外 ,均取得了满意的术后效果。乳房形态自然、质地柔软。结论　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶置换硅胶囊假体 ,治疗因硅胶囊假体隆乳术后造成纤维包膜挛缩取得良好的治疗效果。从随访的结果看 ,这是解决这一顽症的有效方法     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶在乳房纤维包膜挛缩病例中的应用（Ⅱ）

目的：介绍一种治疗硅胶囊假体隆乳术后纤维包膜挛缩的有效治疗方法和新材料。方法：从1997年10月至2000年9月,此方法治疗167只因硅胶囊假体隆乳引起纤维包膜挛缩的乳房,根据包膜囊内有无出血分为I期置换或II期置换,对包膜严重挛缩或乳房下皱襞高低不一致的病例提出具体的矫正方法,对取出假体后能否I期置换水凝胶和严重挛缩的包膜腔是否能在扩大分离后I期置入水凝胶作了分析。结果：本组167只乳房除3例4只乳房在术中分离扩大我膜腔和1只乳房换术后因外伤造成出血更换水凝胶外,均取得了满意的术后效果,乳房形态自然,质地柔软,结论：聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶置换硅胶囊假体,治疗因硅胶囊假体隆乳术后造成纤维包膜挛缩取得良好的治疗效果。从随访的结果看,这是解决这一顽症的有效方法。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶在乳房纤维 包膜挛缩病例中的应用（Ⅱ）

目的　介绍一种治疗硅胶囊假体隆乳术后纤维包膜挛缩的有效治疗方法和新材料。方法　从1997年10月至2000年9月,用此方法治疗167只因硅胶囊假体隆乳引起纤维包膜挛缩的乳房,根据包膜囊内有无出血分为Ⅰ期置换或Ⅱ期置换,对包膜严重挛缩或乳房下皱襞高低不一致的病例提出具体的矫正方法,对取出假体后能否Ⅰ期置换水凝胶和严重挛缩的包膜腔是否能在扩大分离后Ⅰ期置入水凝胶作了分析。结果　本组167只乳房除3例4只乳房在术中分离扩大包膜腔和1只乳房置换术后因外伤造成出血更换水凝胶外,均取得了满意的术后效果。乳房形态自然、质地柔软。结论　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶置换硅胶囊假体,治疗因硅胶囊假体隆乳术后造成纤维包膜挛缩取得良好的治疗效果。从随访的结果看,这是解决这一顽症的有效方法。     

硅凝胶假体置入隆乳术相关问题的探讨

自1963年Cronin等报道使用硅凝胶假体置入隆乳后，隆乳术得到迅速的推广和普及，大量的临床应用结果证明，硅凝胶假体具较好的组织相容性，所形成的新乳房手感柔软、形态自然完美。所以，硅凝胶假体（以下简称假体）置入隆乳术已经成为美容外科施行最多的手术之一。近年来，假体隆乳手术的研究主要集中在科学设计、手术安全、并发症预防3个方面。     

国产小型模拟硅凝胶乳房假体所致组织学反应的实验研究

将国产小型模拟硅凝胶乳房假体、硅胶膜和硅凝胶分别置入大白鼠体内，经一段时间后取出，通过光镜和电镜检查其周围包膜的组织成分和结构特点。结果显示包膜由存在炎性细胞浸润的纤维组织构成，具有收缩特性。假体周围包膜是由硅胶膜、外渗的硅凝胶颗粒和假体的机械作用共同刺激所致。假体肌下置入包膜挛缩较轻，是肌肉对包膜的持续压力与包膜挛缩相对抗之故。     

国产小型模拟硅凝胶乳房假体所致组织学反应的实验研究

将国产小型模拟硅凝胶乳房假体、硅胶膜和硅凝胶分别置入大白鼠体内，经一段时间后取出，通过光镜和电镜检查其周围包膜的组织成分和结构特点。结果显示包膜由存在炎性细胞浸润的纤维组织构成，具有收缩特性。假体周围包膜是由硅胶膜、外渗的硅凝胶颗粒和假体的机械作用共同刺激所致。假体肌下置入包膜挛缩较轻，是肌肉对包膜的持续压力与包膜挛缩相对抗之故。     

乳腺全切后硅凝胶假体即刻乳房再造48例

目的 探讨对良性乳腺疾病进行乳房皮下腺体全部切除与即刻硅凝胶假体乳房重建的方法及意义.方法 自2006年1至2009年8月,对48例(88只乳房)乳房腺体良性病变的患者采用乳晕周围弧形切口或附加延长切口,行皮下乳腺全部切除术,术后即刻于胸大肌下置入硅凝胶乳房假体行乳房重建术.结果 所有患者的切口均愈合良好,多数患者的乳房外形对称.术后随访48例患者1～24个月,无纤维包膜挛缩出现,医患均较满意.结论 该方法具有操作简单、效果明显、安全性高、恢复较快等优点,能改善乳房外形,避免了乳房缺损、畸彤造成的心理障碍,值得临床广泛应用.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.