论提高粗纱牵伸质量问题(Ⅱ)——牵伸传动、牵伸工艺与牵伸质量

文中主要讨论了牵伸传动与牵伸质量之间的关系。分析了影响罗拉加压的各项参数,并得出计算加压量的经验公式。最后阐述了“集中牵伸”的优点     

对大白兔行空气加压输液的实验观察

目的 探讨不同空气加压量时空气进入血管的时间差异及对不同机体状态(失血与未失血)的影响.方法 将8只大白兔分为失血组(实验前放血50ml)和非失血组各4只.两组均于输入5%葡萄糖氯化钠注射液50ml时,分别用注射器向瓶内注入100ml、150ml空气进行加压输液,观察输液过程和机体发生的变化.结果 100ml空气加压后空气从莫菲氏管下端到达头皮针的时间非失血组短于失血组.当空气加压量为150ml时,两组空气从莫菲氏管下端到达头皮针的时间均短于100ml.结论 失血机体静脉压力升高,使空气进入机体的时间延长.加压空气量增大,产生的压力也随之增大,空气进入机体时间缩短.在空气加压输液操作过程中,加压的空气量及机体的状态都是可变的因素,要准确掌握,专人时刻监测才能确保安全输液.     

经椎弓根椎体撑开/加压固定治疗椎体骨析

目的 探索一种对椎体即可以撑开或可以产生加压作用的新型内固定方法。方法 根据Magerl脊柱外固定支架原理设计的椎体撑开/加压内固定器,有4枚椎弓根钉,2枚撑开棒及2枚加压棒和相应配件。结果 共应用18例病人,均取得较好疗效。结论 此加压固定器,对椎体即有撑开作用又有加压作用,固定程度可靠,可用于各种类型的椎体骨折、脊柱滑脱及术后固定,可使病人早日下床活动。     

应用皮外加压螺纹钉治疗内外踝骨折

应用皮外加压螺纹钉治疗内外踝骨折李永江尹胜廷李林内外踝骨折为足部最常见骨折，常需手术治疗。作者应用自行设计的皮外加压螺纹钉，治疗内外踝骨折１３例，取得良好效果。１器械介绍本器械由中空加压螺纹钉、进钉器、连接棒和取钉器组成。１．１加压螺纹钉螺纹占钉长...     

加压输液器的研制

目前,使用瓶装输液器输液时如需加压输液,常用注射器通过输液器排气管向瓶中推注空气。但因排气管开口与注射器乳头衔接不紧密,操作中液体易自衔接处喷出,造成污染。同时加压后需关闭排气管,否则液体也会自排气管溢出。我们在临床工作中通过多次实践,设计了一套加压输液器。经临床使用,效果满意。介绍如下。     

外固定器在体轴向加压骨断端压力长期变化的实验研究

目的:定量分析外固定器在体轴向加压时不同加压量、不同时期骨断端压力变化规律。方法:建立在体骨轴向加压断端压力测试动物模型,27只大耳白兔随机分为A、B、C三组,并分别加载1·5、1、0·5倍动物体重,以应变片为传感器,测量固定针应变。定标后15d内每日测量固定针应变变化并转化为骨断端压力。结果:外固定器轴向加压15d内在体骨断端压力持续下降,第15天在体骨断端压力剩余百分率:A组96%;B组96%;C组98%。结论:外固定器轴向加压15d内在体骨断端压力持续衰减,且衰减幅度逐渐减少;15d左右趋于稳定(≥额定压力的95%)。     

会阴部加压对肠排气的影响——机理研究

目的:有报道显示对会阴部电子加压可使肠排气增强。这个作用由于和反射相关,所以被命名为会阴直肠反射,但却没有得到进一步证实。本文对会阴部加压导致肠排气的变化的作用机理进行研究。方法:研究18名健康的志愿者(平均年龄±标准差:(39.7±11.8)岁:男10人)。压力调节系统由连接到压力量表上的一个聚乙烯球和一套由电脑控制的空气注入系统组成。球体被放入直肠,肠排气通过对会阴部电子加压后球体体积产生的不同变化而加以记录。本项实验在不同时间分别对患者进行会阴部麻醉和直肠麻醉后重复多次测压。然后再用生理盐水代替麻醉药Xylocaine…     

加压外固定促进胫骨骨折愈合的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨加压固定对骨折愈合的影响作用。方法：对１６例外伤性胫骨骨折行半环槽式外固定器加压固定治疗,其中横行骨折６例,斜行骨折１０例,固定加压量为自身体重的１／４。通过压力传感器,骨矿含量测定及影像学检查等方法观察加压固定后骨断端压力变化及骨折愈合情况。结果：加压固定早期骨折端压力逐渐下降,尤以术后５ｈ内明显,此后渐趋稳定,调整后１周时压力仍保持在７０％左右水平。骨折术后２周出现骨膜反应,２个月左右即达临床愈合,骨折部代谢活跃,无骨矿丢失。结论：加压固定是促进骨折愈合的有效手段之一。应用外固定器对骨折进行加压固定治疗具有可调节性等优越性,能有效控制骨折愈合的力学环境。     

耳部瘢痕疙瘩的加压疗法研究进展

耳部瘢痕疙瘩是良性纤维增生组织,常由于穿耳洞后形成。尽管耳部瘢痕疙瘩的发病机制尚不清楚,但是瘢痕疙瘩的形成通常是可以预防的,方法也多种多样,其中加压疗法是较为常见的辅助方法。加压装置能够精确有效的对靶部位进行施加压力,是加压疗法的核心。现就耳部瘢痕疙瘩的加压疗法及其临床研究进展作一综述。     

经椎弓根椎体撑开／加压固定治疗椎体骨折

目的:探索一种对椎体即可以撑开或可以产生加压作用的新型内固定方法.方法:根据Magerl脊柱外固定支架原理设计的椎体撑开/加压内固定器,有4枚椎弓根钉,2枚撑开棒及2枚加压和相应配件,结果:共应用18例病人,均取得较好疗效,结论:此加压固定器,对椎体即有撑开作用又有加压作用,固定程度可行,可用于各种类型的椎体骨折,脊柱滑脱及术后固定,可使病人早日下床活动.     

牵伸力问题（Ⅱ）──牵伸力与有关工艺参数

论述了产品支数、捻度、罗拉隔距和加压量等工艺参数与牵伸力之间的关系。     

论提高粗纱牵伸质量问题(Ⅰ)——牵伸型式、牵伸部件与牵伸质量

文中主要讨论了“D”型牵伸的结构特点,同时分析了“牵伸区不集束、集束区不牵伸”的优越性。其次,对牵伸罗拉的表面结构和扭矩及其与提高粗纱牵伸质量之间的关系作了阐述。最后说明采用小模数牵伸齿轮的优点。     

Analysis of Drafting Effects in Swimming Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drafting distance on the drag coefficient in swimming. A k-epsilon turbulent model was implemented in the commercial code Fluent^® and applied to the fluid flow around two swimmers in a drafting situation. Numerical simulations were conducted for various distances between swimmers (0.5-8.0 m) and swimming velocities (1.6-2.0 m.s^-1). Drag coefficient (Cd) was computed for each one of the distances and velocities. We found that the drag coefficient of the leading swimmer decreased as the flow velocity increased. The relative drag coefficient of the back swimmer was lower (about 56% of the leading swimmer) for the smallest inter-swimmer distance (0.5 m). This value increased progressively until the distance between swimmers reached 6.0 m, where the relative drag coefficient of the back swimmer was about 84% of the leading swimmer. The results indicated that the Cd of the back swimmer was equal to that of the leading swimmer at distances ranging from 6.45 to 8. 90 m. We conclude that these distances allow the swimmers to be in the same hydrodynamic conditions during training and competitions.

Key points

• The drag coefficient of the leading swimmer decreased as the flow velocity increased.
• The relative drag coefficient of the back swimmer was least (about 56% of the leading swimmer) for the smallest inter-swimmer distance (0.5 m).
• The drag coefficient values of both swimmers in drafting were equal to distances ranging between 6.45 m and 8.90 m, considering the different flow velocities.
• The numerical simulation techniques could be a good approach to enable the analysis of the fluid forces around objects in water, as it happens in swimming.

Key words: Training, human body, drag, tandem, finite element modeling     

Public Health and Policy Issues of Hernia Surgery in Africa

Inguinal hernia repair has been overlooked as a public health priority in Africa, with its high prevalence largely unrecognized, and traditional public health viewpoints assuming that not enough infrastructure, human resources, or financing capacity are available for effective service provision. Emerging evidence suggests that inguinal hernias in Ghana are approximately ten times as prevalent as in high-income countries, are much more long-standing and severe, and can be repaired with low-cost techniques using mosquito net mesh through international collaboration. Outcomes from surgery are comparable to published literature, and potential exists for scaling up capacity. Special attention must be paid to creating financing systems that encourage eventual local self-sustainability. Andrew Kingsnorth, Michael Clarke, and Samuel Shillcutt conceived the idea. SS led the paper drafting, with contributions and editing from AK and MC. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Partial relief from the regulatory vacuum involving human tissues through enactment of chapter 8 of the National Health Act and regulations thereto

Human tissue legislation is complex. An exhaustive understanding of the law, thorough understanding of human tissue biology and pathophysiology and an appreciation of the diversity of the areas covered in this field, is critical. The importance of interdisciplinary co-operation in the drafting, interpretation and implementation of legislation in this area cannot be overemphasized. Several factors underscore this, including the complexity and volume of the information involved, rapid advances in science, reciprocal dependence of the law and science on one another for relevance and accuracy, and above all the need to ensure that the patient's well-being and safety are not compromised. The development of technology also must be encouraged in a non-obstructive legislative setting.     

Bessere Stabilisierung der Schenkelhalsfraktur mittels Zugschrauben-Osteosynthese nach den Prinzipien der AO

Zusammenfassung Der Autor skizziert die biomechanischen Probleme, welche die Möglichkeit der guten Bruchfixation wegen der senilen Involution des Schenkelhalses bejahrter Patienten erschweren, und beschreibt eine Kompressionsosteosynthese, die das AO Zugschraubenprinzip am Schenkelhals verwirklicht.

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Better stabilisation of the femoral neck fractures with drawing-screw-osteosynthesis according to AO principle

Summary Author drafting the biomechanical problems, which hinders the possibility of a good fixation of the fractured femoral neck in the old age, reviews a compression-osteosynthesis according to AO drawing-screw principle.

     

Antibiotics in trauma and orthopedic surgery -- a primer of evidence-based recommendations

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in recent years have allowed drafting of evidence-based guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic and trauma surgery. It is important to recognize the limitations of the recommendations derived from the available body of evidence. Since some of the most relevant randomized controlled clinical trials were performed more than 20 years ago, it is sometimes difficult to apply the data to today's clinical practice. In establishing consensus guidelines, it could prove difficult to identify areas for improvement through further research and better compliance. Although recommendations for optimized treatment of orthopedic implant infections are not currently based on first-class evidence, there are very promising new concepts emerging in this field, and we are awaiting more data and decisive conclusions from larger clinical trials.     

English roots of medical education in Australasia: Kenneth F. Russell memorial lecture

Some individuals have a heightened perception of history. K. F. Russell was one of these gifted people, and he wrote many books and papers on historical subjects. Two are classics: his history of the Melbourne medical school and his catalogue of the historical books in the library of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. Among the books catalogued by Russell is a small work by James Paget entitled Records of Harvey: In Extracts from the Journals of the Royal Hospital of St Bartholomew. This book recalls Paget's career as a teacher and reformer in medical education during the second half of the 19th century, and also his role in drafting a model curriculum for Australia's first university medical school, in Melbourne. Medical education in Melbourne and Adelaide was largely moulded by Paget and other leading London teachers. Cambridge was also influential in Adelaide. Scottish influences were stronger in Dunedin and Sydney. In the two decades before World War I, many graduates from these new medical schools went to Britain for postgraduate experience. They were assisted by British educational institutions inspired by the contemporary ideology of imperialism.