慢性乙型肝炎患者 HBV-DNA 水平与肝纤维化相关指标的检测与相关性分析

目的：探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清 HBV-DNA 水平与肝纤维化血清指标之间的关联。方法用实时荧光定量 PCR法检测 HBV-DNA 水平、用化学发光法检测肝纤维化指标：透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原、层粘连蛋白。结果110例乙型肝炎患者血清 HBV-DNA 水平（对数值）为5．32±1．37,透明质酸水平为（197．81±85．37）mg/mL,Ⅲ型前胶原水平为（142．66±30．28）μg/mL,Ⅳ型胶原水平为（90．34±20．53）μg/mL,层粘连蛋白水平为（143．96±31．79）μg/mL,均高于对照组（P ＜0．01）。患者血清 HBV-DNA 水平与肝纤维化4项血清指标之间的相关性较弱,无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化4项血清指标上升,但患者血清 HBV-DNA 水平与肝纤维化血清指标检测值之间没有显著的相关性。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清学指标检测对肝纤维化诊断的临床意义

目的：探讨血清学指标在慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化不同时期的变化及其在肝纤维化诊断中的临床意义。方法检测258例慢性乙型肝炎患者（包括72例肝纤维化患者）及80例健康对照者血清中的总胆汁酸（TBA）、血小板计数（PLT）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、前清蛋白（PA）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽（PⅢNP）、Ⅳ型胶原（C‐Ⅳ）、层粘连蛋白（LN）水平。结果不同病情严重程度的慢性乙型肝炎患者之间和不同肝纤维化分期的患者之间,TBA、HA、PⅢNP、C‐Ⅳ、LN及PAPP指数差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论测定TBA、HA、PⅢNP、C‐Ⅳ、LN及PAPP指数对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化的诊断有重要意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGF—β1水平与肝纤维化的关系

目的：观察慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者血清转化生长因子β-（TGF—β1）在肝纤维化不同阶段的表达情况，探讨TGF—β1与肝纤维化程度的关系，评价其对肝维化诊断的价值。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELASA）检测40例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGF—β1水平．放射免疫法（RIA）检测血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽（PⅢNP）、Ⅳ型胶原（CⅣ）水平，40例患者全部进行肝组织活检，分析TGF-β1与肝组织纤维化程度分期和炎症活动度分级的关系以及与HA、LN、PⅢNP、CⅣ四项指标的相关性。结果；（1）慢性乙型肝炎患者TGF-β1水平明照高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）．且随肝纤维化程度的加重而升高（P〈0．01），TGF-β1变化趋势与HA、LN、PⅢNP、CⅣ均呈正相关（P〈0．01）。（2）按炎症活动度（G）分组，TGF-β1在G1～G4组水平明显高于G0组（P〈0．01），但组间两两比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：血清TGF—β1表达水平与乙肝患者肝纤维化程度密切相关，且不受肝组织炎症程度的影响，在早期肝纤维化的敏感性高于HA、LN、PⅢNP、CⅣ，可作为早期肝纤维化的诊断指标。     

兰州地区慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒复制与肝纤维化指标的相关性研究

目的：探讨兰州地区慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者肝纤维化四项指标：层粘连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（CⅣ）、Ⅲ型前胶原 N 端肽（PⅢNP）与乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）DNA 复制的相关性。方法分别采用化学发光法和实时荧光定量 PCR （RT-PCR）法检测肝纤维化指标和 HBV-DNA,以不同临床分型和自然史分期为背景,对兰州地区724例 HBV 感染者的肝纤维化指标和病毒复制作量化检测研究。结果在所有临床类型中,肝纤维化指标和 HBV-DNA 数值均高于正常,且最高为乙型肝炎肝硬化组;CⅣ、PⅢNP 均以 HBeAg（＋）CHB 组最高。按乙型肝炎自然史分期,P ⅢNP、CⅣ在免疫清除期最高且 CⅣ在HBeAg 及 HBV-DNA（＋）组中均值都高于 HBeAg 及 HBV-DNA（-）组。四项指标均为 HBeAg（＋）CHB 组高于 HBeAg（-） CHB 组,但仅有 HA 有统计学差异（P ＜0．01）。结论 CⅣ与 HBV-DNA 以及 HBV-M 具有一定相关性,提示其可以间接反映肝损害程度以及病毒复制水平。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标与病毒复制水平的相关性

目的：探讨HBV复制水平与血清肝纤维化指标之间的关系。方法：对156例慢性乙型肝炎患者采用荧光定量PCR及放免方法,同时对HBV-DNA和肝纤维化血清学标志透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）进行定量检测。结果：随慢性乙肝临床类型的加重,肝纤维化血清学标志逐渐升高（P〈0.01）,肝纤维化血清学标志与HBV-DNA呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论：HBV复制水平与肝纤维化之间呈正相关。     

136例乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者血清学指标的意义

目的探讨136例乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者血清中透明质酸(HA)、血清铁蛋白(FE)、血清铁(SI)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)、血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PⅢNP)、总胆红素(TB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的变化。方法测定136例不同病因导致肝纤维化患者的血清学指标,同时进行肝穿刺活组织检查及计算机断层扫描检查,进行纤维化分期,分析纤维化各期中血清学指标的变化。结果 HA、FE、SI与肝纤维化分期有相关性。LN、Ⅳ-C、PⅢNP、TB、AST在肝纤维化各期中差异无统计学意义,只有参考价值。结论根据HA、TB、SI的变化可反映纤维化的进程。     

血清透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、层粘连蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原对肝纤维化的诊断意义

目的 研究血清肝纤维化指标透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、层粘连蛋白（LN）及Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）水平与肝纤维化程度的关系。方法 采用放射免疫法对77例慢性乙型肝炎肝组织活检患的血清HA、PCⅢ、LN、Ⅳ-C水平进行检测,对肝组织进行纤维化分期,分析上述血清指标水平与肝组织学诊断和肝纤维化分期之间的关系。结果 四项指标水平与慢性肝炎发展的阶段一致,在肝硬变阶段处于最高水平,与肝组织纤维化程度亦一致,在纤维化分期S4水平最高,显示良好的正相关。结论 血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN可以作为反映肝纤维化程度的指标。     

血清Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原、透明质酸及层粘蛋白在乙型肝炎检测中的意义

目的 探讨血清Ⅲ型前胶原（PⅢNP）、Ⅳ型胶原（CⅥ）、透明质酸（HA）及层粘蛋白（LN）在慢性乙型肝炎与急性乙型肝炎检测中的意义。方法用放射免疫法检测31例慢性乙型肝炎、49例急性乙型肝炎及20例健康人血清PHINP、CⅣ、HA及LN，对其进行t检验，观察三者之间是否有显著性差异。结果血清中PⅢNP、HA的水平在急性肝与慢性肝炎中有显著区别，慢性肝炎明显高于急性肝炎与对照组（P〈0．05），而CⅣ、LN，急慢性肝炎与对照组均无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论联合检测血清PⅢNP、cⅣ、HA及LN水平对慢性肝炎有较大诊断意义。     

血清肝纤维化指标和肝功能指标联合检测在慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清纤维化指标与肝功能指标联合检测在慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化中的诊断价值.方法 检测110例慢性乙型肝炎患者及20例健康者血清透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PC-Ⅲ)、Ⅳ型胶原( Ⅳ-C)、层黏连蛋白(LN) 水平,同时检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT) 、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平.结果 慢性乙型肝炎患者HA、PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C、LN、ALT及AST水平均高于健康者 (P<0.05),但HA、Ⅳ-C与ALT、AST无明显相关性.结论 联合检测血清肝纤维化指标和肝功能指标对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化具有重要诊断价值.     

慢性肝病患者血清四项指标联合检测的临床价值

目的探讨血清透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨端肽(PⅢNP)和Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)检测在慢性肝病中的临床价值。方法对103例慢性肝病患者的血清HA、LN、PⅢNP和Ⅳ-C四项指标进行检测分析。结果慢性迁延性肝炎(CPH)组、慢性活动性肝炎(CAH)组和肝硬化(LC)组的血清HA、LN、PⅢNP、Ⅳ-C检测结果均增高,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),且四项指标在CPH组、CAH组、LC组的浓度呈上升趋势。在30例LC患者中,血清HA的阳性率达90.0%,远高于清蛋白(56.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论血清HA、LN、PⅢNP、Ⅳ-C四项指标是慢性肝病向肝硬化转变过程中反映肝纤维化进展的良好指标,四项指标联合检测可以为慢性肝病患者肝纤维化早期诊断提供依据。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.