趋化因子及受体在结直肠癌中的研究进展

结直肠癌是最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一, 其发病率及死亡率均位居恶性肿瘤第3位。肝、肺转移是导致死亡的主要原因。肿瘤转移的机制目前尚不明确, 近年来的研究证实趋化因子及受体在肿瘤的转移行为中发挥着重要作用。趋化因子是一类小分子细胞因子蛋白家族, 通过与趋化因子受体结合而发挥趋化作用。趋化因子及受体除了能在炎性反应中定向趋化炎性细胞, 近来被发现在肿瘤的转移行为中也发挥着重要作用。现对趋化因子及受体在结直肠癌中的研究进展做一综述。      

结直肠癌趋化因子受体4表达及其与微血管密度和肿瘤转移的关系

目的观察趋化性细胞因子受体CXCR4在结直肠癌中的表达和微血管密度MVD与肿瘤转移的关系。方法用免疫组化的方法检测56例结直肠癌、10例癌旁组织中CXCR4的表达,用血管因子标记血管内皮细胞计数微血管密度,分析CXCR4与微血管密度及其肿瘤转移的关系。结果结直肠癌组织CXCR4的表达高于癌旁组织,与结直肠癌淋巴结转移、临床分期和微血管密度密切相关。结论CXCR4在结直肠癌中表达明显升高,可能与结直肠癌血管生成和转移有关。     

结直肠癌CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7轴作用机制研究进展

目的 探讨趋化因子CXCL12及其受体与结直肠癌的关系,以总结最新研究进展。方法 应用PubMed、Web of Science数据库和中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)检索系统,以“结直肠癌、CXCL12、CXCR4、CXCR7、靶向治疗和趋化因子等”为中文关键词,以“colorectal cancer、CXCL12、CXCR4、CXCR7、targeted therapy、chemokines”等为英文关键词,检索2010-01-01-2022-03-31的相关文献,共检索到中文文献76篇,英文文献256篇。纳入标准：(1)结直肠癌发生时CXCL12、CXCR4和CXCR7表达水平变化;(2)CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7轴对结直肠癌发生发展的影响及作用机制;(3)靶向干预CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7轴对结直肠癌的影响及相关临床研究。排除标准：结直肠癌与非CXCL12/CXCR4或CXCL12/CXCR7信号轴。最终共纳入分析文献56篇,中文16篇,英文40篇。结果 CXCL12及其受体在结直肠癌组织及常见转移部位表达显著升高,相关分子信号可通过CXCL12-CXCR4/...     

CXCL12-CXCR4在消化道肿瘤转移中的研究进展

趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4不仅表达于免疫细胞,在某些肿瘤细胞中也呈高表达.最近研究表明,其与食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌等的转移密切相关.展开其生物学特性、在消化道肿瘤中的表达及转移相关性研究,将为消化道肿瘤转移的防治提供新的思路.     

结直肠癌组织趋化因子受体CXCR4表达及其与淋巴结和肝转移相关性的探讨

目的:研究趋化因子受体CXCR4在结直肠癌组织中的表达,探讨其与淋巴结、肝转移及预后的关系.方法:应用免疫组化方法(SP法)检测20例正常结直肠黏膜组织、64例结直肠癌组织、34例区域淋巴结转移癌组织以及18例肝转移组织CXCR4表达情况.同时应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测其mRNA在4株大肠癌细胞株中的表达.结果:正常结直肠黏膜、结直肠癌、区域淋巴结转移癌以及肝转移组织中CXCR4阳性率分别为15.0%、51.6%、72.2%和73.5%;转移组织阳性表达率明显高于原发肿瘤.CX-CR4 mRNA高表达于2株人大肠癌细胞株.结直肠癌组织CXCR4阳性表达率与Duke临床分期、淋巴结转移和肝转移密切相关,P<0.05,而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤所在部位及病理分化程度无关.CXCR4阳性表达组3年生存率明显低于阴性表达组,P<0.05.结论:CXCR4阳性表达与结肠直肠癌的淋巴结、肝转移有关,有助于预后判断.     

结直肠癌组织Fascin和CXCR4表达及其临床意义的探讨

目的:探讨骨架蛋白Fascin和趋化因子CXCR4在结直肠癌组织的表达及其与患者临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法,检测126例结直肠癌及20例正常黏膜组织Fascin和CXCR4的表达。结果:癌组织中,Fascin和CXCR4阳性率分别为47.62%和41.27%,正常黏膜阳性率均为15.00%,差异均有统计学意义,P值均<0.05。结直肠癌组织Fascin和CXCR4的表达与肿瘤组织学分级、临床Duke’s分期和淋巴结转移有关,P值均<0.05,CXCR4的表达还与肿瘤浸润深度有关,P<0.05。结直肠癌组织Fascin和CX-CR4表达水平呈正相关(r=0.411,P=0.002)。结论:结直肠癌组织Fascin和CXCR4的表达均高于正常黏膜组织,且呈正相关,Fascin和CXCR4可能在结直肠癌的浸润和转移中发挥一定作用,但其具体的分子机制尚待深入研究。     

CXCL4及其受体与结直肠肿瘤

CXC趋化因子配体4(CXCL4)是一类血小板衍生的趋化因子,属于CXC亚家族.CXCL4的受体CXC趋化因子受体3(CXCR3)为七次跨膜的G蛋白耦联受体,其辅助受体为糖胺聚糖.CXCL4及其受体参与调控体内许多生物学过程,如免疫调节、炎症反应、内皮细胞增殖迁移及血管新生等.近年来研究表明,CXCL4及其受体对结直肠肿瘤的细胞生长、血管生成、浸润和转移等过程有显著影响.这为探讨结直肠肿瘤的发生机制及靶向治疗提供了新视角.     

结直肠腺癌CXCR4 CXCL12 Fascin和E-cadherin表达与淋巴结转移的相关性研究

目的:探讨CXCR4、CXCL12、Fascin及E-cadherin在结直肠腺癌(CRC)中表达及其与淋巴结转移的相关性.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测126例CRC组织CXCR4、CXCL12、Fascin和E-cadherin在蛋白水平上的表达情况,同时对57例伴有局部淋巴结转移病例的原发癌和其相应淋巴结转移癌上述标志物的表达情况进行对比分析,探讨其表达与淋巴结转移的相关性.结果:CXCR4、CXCL12和Fasein在结直肠腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为41.27%、81.75%和47.62%,均明显高于正常结直肠黏膜组织(15.00%、35.00%和15.00%,P均<0.05).转移组病例Fascin和CXCR4蛋白阳性表达率明显高于未转移组病例(57.89%vs 39.13%和50.88%vs 33.33%,P<0.05).E-cad-herin在结直肠腺癌组织中阳性表达率明显低于正常黏膜组织(17.46%vs 80.00%,P<0.05).转移组结直肠癌组织E-cadherin阳性表达率明显低于无转移组(8.77%vs 23.19%,P<0.05).结直肠腺癌CXCR4阳性表达与肿瘤浸润深度及临床分期密切相关(P<0.05),Fascin阳性表达与肿瘤组织学分级及临床分期均密切相关(P<0.05),而E-cad-herin阳性表达与肿瘤组织学分级密切相关(19<0.05).淋巴结转移癌组织CXCR4、CXCL12和Fascin表达均显著高于其相应原发癌(P<0.05).结论:CXCR4、CXCL12、Fascin和E-cadherin的表达变化及其相互作用可能与结直肠癌淋巴结转移有关.     

CXCR4和CXCR7在肿瘤中的研究进展

以往的研究认为趋化因子受体4(chemokine receptor 4,CXCR4)是趋化因子CXCL12的唯一受体,CXCL12/CXCR4生物轴在肿瘤发展过程中起重要作用,然而最近研究发现CXCL12尚存在CXCR7这一新的受体,并且CXCL12/CXCR7生物轴同样对肿瘤的发生发展起重要作用.本文就有关趋化因子受体CXCR4和CXCR7在肿瘤中的表达、促进肿瘤增殖和转移、促进血管新生以及肿瘤治疗等方面的研究作一综述.     

趋化因子受体CXCR4在乳腺癌中表达的研究

目的探讨趋化受体CXCR4在乳腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤转移的关系,以及脂多糖(LPS)对其表达的影响.方法采用流式细胞仪和RT-PCR法检测23例乳腺癌患者的癌组织、癌旁组织、正常组织以及MDA-MB-231细胞中CXCR4在蛋白质和mRNA水平的表达情况,以及LPS对MDA-MB-231细胞 CXCR4表达的影响;用Transwell板检测经LPS作用前后MDA-MB-231对趋化因子SDF-1趋化活性的影响.结果乳腺癌组织MDA-MB-231细胞的趋化因子受体CXCR4在蛋白质和mRNA水平的表达均显著高于癌旁组织和正常组织(P<0.05),并且CXCR4的表达与乳腺癌的转移密切相关;脂多糖(LPS)能下调CXCR4的表达,经LPS作用后乳腺癌细胞趋化活性降低.结论趋化因子受体在乳腺癌的转移中起重要作用,下调乳腺癌细胞CXCR4的表达水平,可减少或抑制其转移.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.