IL—2和IL—3基因共转染白血病细胞的体内外生物学特性

目的：研究细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）、白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）基因共转染瘤苗的体现人外生物学特性。方法：用ＩＬ－２重组腺病毒（Ａｄ－ＩＬ－２）、ＩＬ－３重组腺病毒（Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３）转染ＦＢＬ－３红白血病细胞株，观察其体外增殖能力及体内致瘤性的变化。结果：ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－３共转染的ＦＢＬ－３细胞１周内能较稳定地分泌ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－３，体外增殖能力无明显变化，但体内致瘤性明显下降，ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－３共转染     

TNF,IFN,MHCⅠ类分子基因“正反馈”式放大表达的重组腺病毒载体

目的：为使外源性 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ, Ｉ Ｆ Ｎ 基因和内源性主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ类（ Ｍ Ｈ ＣⅠ）分子基因表达呈现“正反馈”式放大效 应,构建在 Ｈ Ｌ Ａ Ｂ７ 启动子调控、 Ｉ Ｒ Ｅ Ｓ连接下协同表达 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆα和 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎβ基因的重组腺病毒载体。方法和结果：从ｐ Ｇ Ｌ３ Ｂ７ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ及ｐ Ｉ Ｒ Ｉ Ｆ中切下 Ｂ７ｐｒｏ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ和 Ｉ Ｒ Ｅ Ｓ Ｉ Ｆ Ｎβ基因片段,先后插入ｐ Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ Ｓｋ （＋ ）, 构建成ｐ Ｂ Ｌ Ｂ７ Ｔ Ｎ Ｉ Ｒ Ｉ Ｆ。回收 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆα Ｉ Ｒ Ｅ Ｓ Ｉ Ｆ Ｎβ基因片段,连入 Ａｄ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ Ｌｉｎｋ１ 中,构建成 Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ 启动子驱动表达的 Ａｄ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ Ｔ Ｎ Ｉ Ｒ Ｉ Ｆ（＋ ）。回收 Ｂ７ｐｒｏ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｉ Ｒ Ｅ Ｓ Ｉ Ｆ Ｎβ基因片段,连入缺失 Ｅ１ 和 Ｅ３ 区及启动子的 Ａｄ ＢｇｌⅡ中, 构建成 Ｈ Ｌ Ａ Ｂ７ 启动子驱动表达的 Ａｄ Ｂ７ Ｔ Ｎ Ｉ Ｒ Ｉ Ｆ（－ ）。结论：此两种载体为“正反馈”式放大肿瘤免疫原性提供一条新途径。     

N K 细胞、 L A K 细胞抗弓形虫作用机理的研究

目的：观察 Ｉ Ｌ ２在小鼠抗弓形虫机理中的作用。方法：应用３ Ｈ 尿嘧啶（３ Ｈ Ｕ）特异性标记弓形虫在小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ Ｍ ｏｕｓｅ ｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌｍ ａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅ, Ｍ Ｐ Ｍ ）内的增殖实验及１２５ Ⅰ 尿嘧啶核苷（１２５Ⅰ Ｕｄ Ｒ）标记的细胞毒实验,观察 Ｉ Ｌ ２的抗弓形虫作用。结果： Ｉ Ｌ ２对 Ｍ Ｐ Ｍ 的抗弓形虫作用及对 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎ γ诱导的 Ｍ Ｐ Ｍ 抗弓形虫作用无明显影响;正常小鼠 Ｎ Ｋ 细胞杀伤弓形虫感染靶细胞的能力,显著低于杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力（ Ｐ＜ ０００１）;而经 Ｉ Ｌ ２诱导的 Ｌ Ａ Ｋ 细胞杀伤自身感染弓形虫靶细 胞的能力, 明显高于 Ｎ Ｋ 细胞（ Ｐ＜ ０００１）, 并与 Ｌ Ａ Ｋ 杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力无明显差别（ Ｐ＞ ００５）。结论：提示 Ｉ Ｌ ２体内应用提高弓形虫小鼠的生存能力的机理可能与提高体内 Ｌ Ａ Ｋ 细胞杀伤自身感染弓形虫细胞的能力有关。     

GM—CSF诱导红白血病细胞向树突状细胞分化及其抗原提呈功能的研究

目的探讨粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）诱导小鼠红白血病细胞分化过程中，树突状细胞的产生及其抗原提呈功能的变化。方法采用流式细胞仪分析、电镜技术和４小时５１Ｃｒ释放法等，进一步观察了ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的诱导分化作用。结果１００ｎｇ／ｍｌＧＭ－ＣＳＦ处理３天后的ＦＢＬ－３细胞，树突状细胞的特异性标志３３Ｄ１和ＮＬＤＣ１４５的表达阳性率显著升高；同时，ＭＨＣ－Ⅱ、Ｂ７－１、Ｂ７－２、Ｉ－ＣＡＭ－１、ＶＣＡＭ－１和ＣＤ４０表达水平均增加；扫描电镜显示ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ处理的ＦＢＬ－３细胞，表面出现许多树突状突起，透射电镜下可见细胞浆内有丰富的线粒体，核呈分叶状。同时，能够显著刺激同种异体Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖，促进ＩＬ－２的产生；可显著提高细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）细胞对ＦＢＬ－３细胞的特异性杀伤活性。结论ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ诱导的红白血病细胞可向树突状细胞分化，本身具有抗原提呈功能。     

淋巴细胞趋化因子基因修饰增强肿瘤抗原多肽致敏的树突状细胞的抗肿瘤免疫效果

目的：通过选择性增强树突状细胞（ＤＣ）与Ｔ细胞的体内相互作用,优化其体内抗原提呈的微环境,为进一步增强ＤＣ介导的肿瘤免疫治疗效果。方法：体外培养的小鼠骨髓树突状细胞体外经Ｌｔｎ重组腺病毒感染后（Ｌｔｎ－ＤＣ）,用３ＬＬＬｅｗｉｓ肺癌细胞株的Ｍｕｔｌ抗原肽冲击致敏,按不同剂量免疫正常同系小鼠体内,观察其体内诱导的细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）活性保护性免疫反应;通过体内阻断试验探讨免疫细胞亚群及免疫分子在ＤＣ诱导肮肿瘤免疫应答中的作用;建立肺癌的自发性肺转移模型,观察免疫治疗作用。结果：抗原肽Ｍｕｔｌ刺激的Ｌｔｎ－ＤＣ能更有效地诱导特异ＣＴＬ活性,能使免疫动物产生更有效的免疫保护作用,抵抗肿瘤细胞的攻击。在抗肿瘤免疫排斥反应的诱导过程中,必需有ＣＤ４＋Ｔ和ＣＤ８＋Ｔ细胞的参与;而在其效应阶段,则依赖于ＣＤ８＋Ｔ细胞、Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８的共刺激信号途径及γ干扰素（ＩＦＮ－γ）的参与,并在诱导过程中起着重要作用。抗原肽刺激的Ｌｔｎ－ＤＣ能有效抑制３ＬＬ细胞的自发性肺转移,具有更明显的治疗作用。结论：通过基因修饰增强树突状细胞对Ｔ细胞的体内选择性趋化活性,能更有效地诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应,为树突状细胞介导的肿瘤免疫治疗开辟了     

原代小鼠骨骼肌细胞和C 2C 12细胞转人凝血因子IX基因后高效表达及分泌功能

目的：研究骨骼肌细胞作为基因治疗靶细胞,其合成、加工和分泌外源性蛋白质的功能。方法：应用骨骼肌细胞特异性和非特异性表达载体（ｐｄ Ｌ Ｍｅ４ｂ ＡｈⅨｍ 和 ＬⅨ Ｓ Ｎ）转染联合免疫缺陷（ Ｓ Ｃ Ｉ Ｄ）小鼠原代成肌细胞（ Ｓ Ｃ Ｉ Ｄ Ｍ Ｂ）和 Ｃ２ Ｃ１２ 成肌细胞系,观察这两种细胞在合成、加工和分泌人凝血因子Ⅸ（ ＦⅨ）蛋白质方面的异同。结果：在 Ｓ Ｃ Ｉ Ｄ Ｍ Ｂ中,ｐｄ Ｌ Ｍｅ４ｂ ＡｈⅨｍ可表达的 ＦⅨ 达２ ０００ ｎｇ·１０－ ６ ·（２４ ｈ）－ １ ,凝血活性达 ９５％ ～１０３％ 。比较细胞内和培养上清液中的 ＦⅨ蛋白及细胞内 ＦⅨｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 丰度变化表明, Ｃ２ Ｃ１２ 细胞分泌 ＦⅨ的功能不如 Ｓ Ｃ Ｉ Ｄ Ｍ Ｂ,而合成、加工 ＦⅨ的能力与 Ｓ Ｃ Ｉ Ｄ Ｍ Ｂ相似。结论：原代小鼠骨骼肌细胞可高效表达、加工和分泌外源性基因产物;在以骨骼肌细胞作为靶细胞进行基因治疗研究时,应尽量应用原代细胞。本研究为临床应用骨骼肌细胞作为基因治疗靶细胞奠定了实验基础。     

基因修饰的树突状细胞融合后的瘤苗抗肿瘤免疫应答的实验研究

目的观察粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）基因修饰的树突状细胞（ＤＣ）与肿瘤细胞融合后，体内诱导的抗肿瘤免疫应答及对荷瘤小鼠的治疗效果。方法从Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠脾脏中分离ＤＣ，用重组腺病毒载体进行ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因修饰，再与Ｆ１０小鼠黑色素瘤细胞进行融合，通过抗Ｉａ抗体磁珠阳性选择和贴壁培养富集融合细胞。结果经灭活的、由ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因修饰的ＤＣ与Ｂ１６．Ｆ１０融合的ＦＤ－ＧＭ能在体内诱导出更强的细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ），抵抗野生型Ｂ１６．Ｆ１０细胞的再次攻击，使经治疗的肺转移荷瘤小鼠的存活期明显延长，肺转移结节显著减少。结论肿瘤细胞与ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因修饰的树突状细胞融合后进行体内免疫，能诱导出显著的抗肿瘤免疫反应，可望成为肿瘤基因治疗的新途径。     

“急淋”白血病细胞与高内皮小静脉及骨髓基质细胞粘附行为的…

采用改进的小鼠肠系膜淋巴结（ＭＬＮ）冰冻切片粘附结合实验法和ＭＴＴ法，观察白血病患者尤其是Ｂ细胞急性淋巴细胞性白血病（Ｂ－ＡＬＬ）患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）体外粘附小鼠ＭＬＮ高内皮小静脉（ＨＥＶ）的活性变化及患者骨髓血单个核细胞（ＢＭＭＣ）体外粘附患者骨髓基质细胞（ＳＣ）的活性变化，结果：１Ｂ－ＡＬＬ患者ＰＢＭＣ粘会ＨＥＶ的阳性率和强阳性率均低于正常组；２．经抗淋巴细胞功能相关抗原－１（ＬＦ     

GM—CSF基因转导的肿瘤疫苗研究

目的：观察ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因转导的肿瘤细胞免疫小鼠的抗肿瘤效果。方法：用电穿孔法将小鼠ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的表达质粒导入ＲＭＡ淋巴瘤细胞,经Ｇ４１８筛选后,将ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ高表达克隆（ＲＭＡ－ＧＭ）细胞皮下接种Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠,观察成瘤性,以及经丝裂霉素－Ｃ处理灭活的ＲＭＡ－ＧＭ细胞免疫小鼠,观察抗肿瘤作用。结果：ＲＭＡ－ＧＭ细胞免疫小鼠及亲代肿瘤细胞攻击后与对照组相比,肿瘤生长速度减慢,小鼠生存期明显延长     

干细胞因子与白介素-3联合对小鼠骨髓细胞体外扩增作用及其造血重建的影响

采用集落培养的方法研究了干细胞因子（ Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ） 联合白介素 ３（ Ｉ Ｌ ３） 对小鼠５ 氟尿嘧啶（５ Ｆ Ｕ ） 处理３ ｄ 的骨髓细胞（ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ） 的体外扩增作用及其对致死量照射小鼠造血重建功能的影响。 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 单独应用使体系中粒 巨噬细胞集落形成单位（ Ｇ Ｍ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ） 和高增殖潜能集落形成单位（ Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ） 分别增加了（２４ ．２ ±６ ．１） 和（１ ．５ ±０ ．３） 倍（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 与 Ｉ Ｌ ３ 联合应用时 Ｇ Ｍ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ 和 Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ 分别是新鲜ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 的（３０ ．５ ±９ ．５） 和（１３ ．６ ±４ ．５）倍（ 与单用 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 组比较 Ｐ 分别大于和小于０ ．０５） 。小鼠骨髓移植实验结果表明： Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ、 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ＋ Ｉ Ｌ ３ 体外扩增的ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 移植给经致死量照射的受体小鼠后,外周血细胞计数恢复时间比输新鲜ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 组缩短１ ～５ ｄ , Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ＋ Ｉ Ｌ ３组不仅血细胞计数恢复最快,并使移植所需的骨髓细胞数减少９０ ％ 以上。结果提示： Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 单用对骨髓细胞有扩增作用,并且与 Ｉ Ｌ ３ 有协同作用;体外扩增的骨髓?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.