冠状动脉造影后即刻支架术与择期支架术的临床研究

目的比较冠状动脉造影后即刻支架术与择期支架术的成功率和并发症发生率，从而探讨即刻支架术的临床应用价值。方法对2005年1—12月在我科行冠状动脉造影后即刻支架术（即刻组，n=115例）和择期支架术（择期组，n=172例）患者的资料进行分析。结果A型和B型病变的成功率和并发症率两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而C型病变的成功率即刻组低于择期组（P〈0．01），而并发症率高于择期组（P=0．05）。结论A型和B型病变冠状动脉造影后即刻支架术是临床可行的，而C型病变不宜冠状动脉造影后即刻支架术。因此，冠状动脉造影后即刻支架术有一定的临床应用价值。     

闭塞性冠状动脉病变PTCA成功率及影响因素

目的探讨完全闭塞性和几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率及其影响因素。方法对３５例发生过心肌梗塞和２１例未发生心肌梗塞的完全或几乎完全闭塞性病变施行了ＰＴＣＡ。结果完全闭塞性病变心梗发生后１周内ＰＴＣＡ成功率为１００％,２周～３个月为６６．７％,３个月以后为４２．９％;无桥侧支的几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率为１００％,桥侧支丰富的几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率为６２．５％。结论心肌梗塞早期ＰＴＣＡ成功率明显高于心肌梗塞晚期ＰＴＣＡ成功率（Ｐ＜０．０５）,无桥侧支的几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率明显高于桥侧支丰富的几乎完全闭塞性病变的成功率（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

不稳定性心绞痛临床与冠状动脉造影分析

为了解不同类型不稳定性心绞痛的冠状动脉（冠脉）造影特点，对３８８例不稳定性心绞痛患者进行临床及冠脉造影对照分析。结果表明：初发劳力型心绞痛单支血管病变占６９．６４％，较其他各型多见（Ｐ＜０．０５）；静息型心绞痛三支血管病变和左主干病变较其他各型多见（Ｐ＜０．０５），复杂性病变和Ｃ型病变检出率也较其他各型高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；恶化劳力型心绞痛病变特征介于上述二者之间；梗塞后早期心绞痛“罪犯”病变多为次全闭塞或完全闭塞，较其他各型多见（Ｐ＜０．０５）；变异型心绞痛多半仅有轻度冠脉狭窄；梗塞后早期心绞痛血栓比初发、恶化型多见（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示静息时心绞痛发作者病变更严重，应予积极治疗，对梗塞后早期心绞痛患者应加强抗凝治疗。     

QT离散度与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

测量１００例（男８６例，女１４例，平均年龄５６．１±５．６岁）冠状动脉造影者的体表心电图ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ），结果显示:冠状动脉狭窄组ＱＴｄ较冠脉正常组明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在狭窄程度大于或等于７５％组和狭窄小于７５％组间，ＱＴｄ差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明ＱＴｄ与冠脉狭窄程度有关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文讨论了单支冠脉病变、多支冠脉病变及左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）与ＱＴｄ的关系，其中单支病变和多支病变的ＱＴｄ无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而ＬＶＥＦ＞４０％和ＬＶＥＦ≤４０％两组间，ＱＴｄ差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），表明ＱＴｄ与左室射血功能有关     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄与介入前病变形态学的关系

目的：探讨国人冠心病经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后再狭窄与冠状动脉（冠脉）病变类型、部位和病变血管数的关系。　　方法：冠心病介入治疗３５２ 例,选择其中６５ 例（８６个病变）术后３～１６个月造影随访者,按随访结果分为再狭窄组（ｎ＝ ３８）,非再狭窄组（ｎ＝ ２７）,分析再狭窄与病变形态学的关系。　　结果：再狭窄与多个易患因子、多支病变、病变类型和前降支病变呈正相关,与支架置入呈负相关。再狭窄组Ｃ型、钙化病变多见,前降支病变内径丢失比回旋支、右冠脉病变大（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,半年内一支血管病变再狭窄率（１０．２７％ ）低于二支（４１．１０％ ）和三支（４８．５０％ ）血管病变再狭窄率（Ｐ＜ ０．０００１）。　　结论：再狭窄与冠脉病变类型、部位和血管支数相关,Ｃ型及钙化、多支和前降支病变再狭窄率高     

冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术

我们自１９８７年１２月至１９９３年１０月对５５例５８支冠状动脉完全闭塞病变（ＴＯ）行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ），占同期ＰＴＣＡ总数的１８．２％。患者平均年龄５６．４±７．５岁，心绞痛患者１９例，心肌梗塞患者３６例，其中梗塞后１０小时内行急诊ＰＴＣＡ２例，１个月内和１个月以后行ＰＴＣＡ分别为６例和２８例。ＴＯ平均时间６８．４±４６．６天。完全闭塞和次全闭塞各占６５．５％和３４．５％。结果显示：病例成功率为８９．１％，病变成功率为８７．９％；完全闭塞成功率为８９．５％，次全闭塞成功率为８５．０％。闭塞类型、闭塞时间、闭塞长度等特征对成功率无显著性影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）；血管并发症率为１２．１％（７／５８），处理成功６处，死亡１例。     

持续灌流法经皮冠状动脉球囊成形术治疗老年人心肌梗塞的临床价值

对比分析了老年急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者行持续灌流法冠状动脉球囊成形术（ＣＰＰＴＣＡ）２０例（３６支）和常规冠状动脉球囊成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）１８例（２４支）的疗效。两组患者术前冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度及左心室功能相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）。与ＰＴＣＡ组比较，ＣＰＰＴＣＡ对术中阻断血流的心肌有重要保护作用，且术中并发症少（０比３８．９％，Ｐ＜０．０１），残余狭窄轻（１２％±８％比２８％±１８％，Ｐ＜０．０５），再狭窄率（０比２２％，Ｐ＜０．０５），再梗塞率（５％比３３％，Ｐ＜０．０５）及病死率（０比２２％，Ｐ＜０．０５）低。     

复杂性冠状动脉病变的腔内成形术 (附90例临床分析)

目的：观察复杂性冠状动脉病变的腔内成形术的效果，探讨影响其成功的因素。方法：手术按Gruentzig方法进行，术前、后常规服用阿司匹林、抵克力得。结果：90例患110处复杂病变，成功扩张99处，成功率90．0％，B型病变成功率为94．3％（50／53）；C型为86．0％（49／57），两无差异（P＞0．05）。在27例次完全闭塞性病变中，急性闭塞性病变成功率为92．9％（13／14），慢性闭塞性病变成功率为53．8％（7／13），两差异显（P＜0．01）。所有患中死亡1例。结论：影响复杂性冠状动脉病变腔内成形术成功的因素主要有：（1）慢性完全闭塞性病变；（2）导管系统的选择；（3）术操作技术的熟练程度及经验。     

完全闭塞性冠脉血管成形术中冠脉内支架的应用及其限制因素

目的　评价冠状动脉（冠脉）内支架在完全闭塞性冠脉血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）中应用的指征及其限制因素。方法　８２ 例冠脉完全闭塞接受ＰＴＣＡ 患者,根据血管病变性质,决定是否给予置入支架治疗。分析支架应用的指征及其限制因素。术后随访６ 个月,发生心脏事件者行血管造影复查。结果　８２例中,６６ 例相关冠脉再通成功,成功率为８０．５％ 。６６ 例中,Ａ 组２３ 处病变单纯球囊ＰＴＣＡ 后取得“支架样”效果,其中Ｂ１ 组３０ 处病变置入支架,支架置入率４５．５％ ,Ｂ２ 组１３ 处病变存在支架置入的限制因素而未置入支架,占１９．７％ 。临床随访期间,Ａ 组５ 例发生心脏事件,血管造影复查,２ 例再狭窄;Ｂ１ 组仅２例发生心脏事件,造影复查２ 例均再狭窄,需再次ＰＴＣＡ;Ｂ２ 组 ５ 例发生心脏事件,３ 例造影发现再狭窄。闭塞冠脉再通未成功１６ 例中３ 例出现心脏事件,其中１ 例死亡。结论　闭塞冠脉再通成功达支架样效果或置入支架有助于改善临床预后,但部分病变存在支架置入的限制因素,不适宜置入支架     

老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术结果评价

目的评价一组老年冠心病患者行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的疗效。方法将６５例老年（８９支血管）和１１７例老年前期（１４９支血管）冠心病患者的ＰＴＣＡ结果作对比研究。结果老年组血管扩张成功率９４．４％，临床成功率９２．３％，主要并发症发生率为６．１％，再狭窄发生率为３２．５％。以上结果与老年前期组比较差异均无显著性。术后症状改善率两组相同，都在９０．０％以上。仅老年组再次ＰＴＣＡ频率明显高于老年前期组（ｘ２检验，Ｐ值＜０．０５）。结论对于老年冠心病患者，ＰＴＣＡ是一种有效及安全的冠脉血管重建措施。     

不稳定型与稳定型心绞痛冠状动脉成形术的比较

目的　比较不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)与稳定型心绞痛 (SA)患者接受冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)的疗效。方法　行PTCA的心绞痛患者 2 0 4例 ,分组比较UA与SA患者冠状动脉造影结果及PTCA术的近期和中期疗效。结果　①分组 :2 0 4例病人中 ,UA组 112例 (5 5 % ) ,SA组 92例 (45 % )。其中UA组心绞痛分级高于SA组 (P <0 0 5 )。②UA组复杂病变血管支数为 74(3 3 % ) ,SA组复杂病变血管 43支(2 0 % ) ,两组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ;而SA组多支血管病变的发生较UA组为多 (P <0 0 5 )。③支架植入情况 :UA组有 114支血管共植入支架 143枚 ,占病变血管数的 5 1% ;SA组 5 4支血管共 67枚 ,占 2 5 % ,两组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ,共 15 6例病人接受支架术。④术后 3 0d内无重大并发症发生 ,UA组复发胸痛较SA组高 (9%vs 3 % ,P <0 0 5 )。⑤随访 3～ 9个月 ,发生心肌梗死 3例 ,其中UA患者2例。复发胸痛两组分别为 12例和 16例 ,占 13 %和 14% ;临床再狭窄发生率分别为 2 0 %和 2 2 % ,均无显著差别。结论　PTCA/支架术对不稳定型与稳定型心绞痛患者的疗效相似 ,即刻成功率高 ,中期疗效满意     

经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术的临床应用

目的 :评价经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影术与冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)的临床应用价值。方法 :有选择性的对 37例患者行经皮桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术 ,观察其疗效和血管并发症。结果 :1 桡动脉穿刺成功率为 93 8% (有 2例失败 )。 2 14例冠状动脉造影正常 ,17例冠状动脉造影显示 2 6处存在≥ 70 %的狭窄病变 ,适合行冠状动脉介入手术。 2 6处病变有 4处PTCA疗效满意 ,2 2处行PTCA +支架术 ,植入支架 31只。狭窄从 (81± 12 ) %降低至 (10 6± 7 4 ) % ,最小血管直径由 (0 86± 0 12 )mm增加至 (3 0 8± 0 32 )mm。 6例病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术。 3 所有患者术后即拔导管鞘 ,局部压迫 4h。术后并发症的发生率为 3 3% (1例术后的桡动脉闭塞 )。结论 :经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术安全可行 ,其具有穿刺部位出血少、住院时间短的特点 ,可选择性的应用于某些冠心病患者。     

A randomized comparison of balloon angioplasty versus rotational atherectomy in complex coronary lesions (COBRA study).

AIMS: Rotablation is a widely used technique for the treatment of complex coronary artery lesions but is so far only poorly supported by controlled studies. The Comparison of Balloon-Angioplasty versus Rotational Atherectomy study (COBRA) is a multicentre, prospective, randomized trial to compare short- and long-term effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and rotablation in patients with angiographically pre-defined complex coronary artery lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: At seven clinical sites 502 patients with pre-defined complex coronary artery lesions were assigned to either PTCA (n=250) or rotablation (n=252). Primary end-points were procedural success, 6-month restenosis rates in the treated segments, and major cardiac events during follow-up. Procedural success was achieved in 78% (PTCA), and 85% (rotablation) (P=0.038) of cases. Crossover from PTCA to rotablation was 4% and 10% vice versa (P=0.019). There was no difference between PTCA and rotablation with respect to procedure-related complications such as Q wave infarctions (2.4% each), emergency bypass surgery (1.2% versus 2.4%), and death (1.6% versus 0.4%). However, more stents were required after PTCA (14.9% versus 6.4%, P<0.002), predominantly for bailout or unsatisfactory results. Including bail-out stents as an end-point, the procedural success rates were 73% for angioplasty and 84% for rotablation (P=0.006). At 6 months, symptomatic outcome, target vessel reinterventions and restenosis rates (PTCA 51% versus rotablation 49%, P=0.33) were not different. CONCLUSION: Complex coronary artery lesions can be treated with a high level of success and low complication rates either by PTCA with adjunctive stenting or rotablation. The long-term clinical and angiographic outcome is comparable.     

Experience of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients.

We evaluated the role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in a series of orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients with severe epicardial coronary occlusive disease. Ten orthotopic cardiac transplant patients treated by PTCA up to March 1990 were reviewed. All had significant epicardial coronary artery lesions (greater than 70% stenosis compared with the adjacent healthy artery) and exercise electrocardiogram or isotope perfusion evidence of myocardial ischaemia in the relevant region. Primary angiographic PTCA success was achieved in 12 of the 16 lesions attempted (75%). Mean stenosis improvement was from 80% of adjacent healthy artery (range 70-90%) to 12% (range 0-20%). Median angiographic follow-up of 9 months (2-25 months) is available for all patients. The mean recurrence rate is 33% (4 of 12 successfully treated lesions) defined as greater than 50% reduction in the original gain at the PTCA. We have shown that PTCA is technically possible in a series of cardiac transplant recipients. The primary success and recurrence rates are comparable to the use of PTCA in conventional atherosclerotic coronary disease.     

Restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty in single vessel disease

One hundred and ninety five patients who underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for single vessel disease and have been followed up for more than 6 months are being reported. Angiography was done routinely in first 20 patients (Group 1) 8 to 15 weeks (mean 9.6 weeks) after PTCA. Restenosis (loss of 50% of the initial improvement in luminal diameter) was seen in 4 patients (20%). The remaining 175 patients (Group II) have been followed up clinically and subjected to serial exercise testing. Coronary angiography was performed only if symptoms and/or objective evidence of ischemia recurred. In this group, restenosis suspected clinically and confirmed by angiography occurred in 37 patients (21%), 2 to 23 weeks (mean 12.5 weeks) after PTCA. The restenosis rate for the entire patient population was 21%. In general the restenosed lesions were longer and tighter than the lesions before PTCA. A comparison of 41 patients with restenosis with those who did not have clinical restenosis revealed a proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) involvement (66% vs 31%, p = 0.01), crescendo unstable angina (37% vs 16% p = 0.05), length of pre PTCA stenotic lesion greater than or equal to 1 cm (41% vs 27.5%, p less than 0.05), absence of intimal haziness in immediate post PTCA angiogram (27% vs 16%, p less than 0.05) and residual stenosis greater than or equal to 25%, (34% vs 14% p less than 0.05) in the restenosis group. Repeat PTCA was done in 30 patients with a 96% success rate; 4 patients required coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Restenosis after PTCA is a significant problem in our experience.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

慢性冠状动脉闭塞置入支架术与球囊扩张术的比较

目的为了解冠状动脉内支架及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）治疗完全闭塞性冠状动脉血管的临床及冠状动脉造影效果。方法９５例完全冠状动脉闭塞的病人随机分成为：置入支架组（Ａ组４８例）;单纯ＰＴＣＡ组（Ｂ组４７例）,观察二组病人发生临床事件及６个月后的冠状动脉造影效果。结果６个月后两组病人完成临床及冠状动脉造影随访的共８５例,随访率为８９％,Ａ组４２例,Ｂ组４３例。Ａ组：１例于术后１０天内出现心肌梗塞,无１例死亡,其再狭窄率为２８．５％,血管再闭塞率为１１９％,最终重复血管重建术为１９％。Ｂ组：１例死亡,２例发生急性心肌梗塞,再狭窄率为５８％,血管再闭塞率为２２％,最终重复血管重建术达４５％。两组之间临床疗效差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论冠状动脉慢性闭塞的病人ＰＴＣＡ成功后选择性置入支架比单纯ＰＴＣＡ的近期及远期临床疗效预后要好（发生临床事件及重复血管重建术明显下降）。     

Safety,efficacy, and cost advantages of combined coronary angiography and angioplasty

AIM: The safety and efficacy of ad hoc PTCA has been previously reported and this approach is performed in many angioplasty centers as a routine procedure. The aim of this study is to examine whether this approach reduces the length, and cost of hospital stay. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine the hospital costs we studied 2,440 PTCAs over 11 years in our institution (1990-2000). Urgent PTCA for acute coronary syndromes refractory to medical treatment were excluded. In 1809 patients (74%) angioplasty was performed immediately after coronary angiography, while separate procedures were performed in 631 patients. Indication for PTCA was unstable angina in 1342 patients (55%). In the ad hoc PTCA group, 92% of the culprit lesions were successfully treated; complications included myocardial infarction (2%), urgent bypass surgery (0.6%) and death (0.9%). The rate of combined procedure progressively increased from 54% in 1990 to 88% in 2000, with a significant decrease in the rate of complications. After adjusting for clinical and angiographic differences between combined and separate procedures, angiographic success and complication rates were not statistically different in the two groups. Mean length of hospital stay decreased all along the years, and was 45% less in the ad hoc PTCA group (11.4 +/- 6.9 vs 18.2 +/- 7.7 in 1990, 5.4 +/- 4.3 vs 10.8 +/- 5.7 in 2000, P < 0.0001). The cost was 40% lower in the ad hoc PTCA group. For patients with stable angina, the savings were 49%, and for those with unstable angina, they were 29%. CONCLUSION: In the era of coronary stenting, ad hoc PTCA can be performed in most of the patients as safely and successfully as a separate procedure. It reduces the length, and the cost of hospital stay in patients with stable or unstable angina.     

Prevention of coronary arterial renarrowing by continuous 3-day infusion of tissue plasminogen activator after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Vascular injury resulting from percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and subsequent thrombus formation are important factors in the pathogenesis of coronary arterial restenosis. The present study was undertaken to determine whether infusions of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), beginning immediately after PTCA, would decrease the renarrowing of the coronary arterial lumen. Patients were randomized and divided into two groups: one group (15 patients, 16 lesions) received continuous, 3-day, intravenous infusions of tPA (0.25 mg/kg/day in 0.9% saline), beginning immediately after successful PTCA, while the other group (17 patients, 17 lesions) received saline alone. Coronary angiography was performed before, immediately after, 24 hours after, and 3 months after PTCA. Coronary stenosis (%), reference diameters, and minimum luminal diameters were measured by quantitative coronary angiography. The incidence of restenosis tended to be lower in the tPA group than in the placebo group (tPA group, 13%; placebo group, 41%; NS), although diameter stenoses before and immediately after PTCA were not significantly different in the two groups. Three months later, however, diameter stenoses were significantly smaller in the tPA group (35.6 +/- 13.3 vs 47.7 +/- 18.9%; P<0.05). Thus, intravenous tPA infusion beginning immediately after successful PTCA may inhibit renarrowing of the coronary arterial lumen.     

普通球囊与切割球囊成形术对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的近远期疗效

目的　对切割球囊成形术 (CBA)与普通球囊成形术 (POBA)支架内再狭窄病变的近远期血管造影结果比较 ,评价 CBA对支架内再狭窄病变的有效性。方法　 37例 ,共 39处病变 ,2 3处进入 CBA组 ,16处进入 POBA组。分别比较术后即刻及远期定量冠状动脉造影最小血管径 (ML D)、狭窄度 (DS)、再狭窄率、即刻管腔获得 (AL G)、即刻血管弹性回缩 (AR)及弹性回缩率 (ARR)。结果　术后即刻 ML D、DS、AL G两组差异无显著性。 CBA组最大扩张压、AR及 ARR均较 POBA组低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 0 1)。随访造影结果 ,CBA组 ML D明显大于 POBA组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;DS及再狭窄率均小于 POBA组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 CBA组的低压扩张治疗支架内再狭窄病变是有效的 ,对血管损伤小于 POBA,且获得较 POBA低的再狭窄率 ,值得进一步探讨