培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆t-PA和PAI-1水平的影响

目的评价培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定60例CHF患者(CHF组)及20例健康人(正常对照组)血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平。CHF组患者又随机均分为常规治疗亚组和培哚普利亚组。培哚普利亚组在常规治疗基础上加用培哚普利2~4mg,每日1次。所有CHF患者治疗2周后复测血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平。结果CHF患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平比正常对照组明显增高(P<0.01)。治疗后,培哚普利亚组血浆PAI-1水平比常规治疗亚组明显降低(P<0.01),血浆t-PA水平比常规治疗亚组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论培哚普利不仅可降低PAI-1水平,而且可升高t-PA水平,改善内源性纤溶功能。     

介入封堵术对成人先天性心脏病患者血浆t-PA和PAI-1水平的影响

目的评价介入封堵术对成人先天性心脏病(CHD)患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平的影响.方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测70例CHD患者及30例健康人(正常对照组)血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平.所有CHD患者分别于介入封堵术前头天,术后24 h,1、3、6、12个月检测血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平.结果介入封堵术前,CHD患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平比正常对照组明显增高(P＜0.01).介入封堵术后1个月,CHD组血浆PAI-1水平开始逐渐下降,术后6个月恢复正常水平;血浆t-PA水平在术后1个月升高,术后3个月始下降,术后6个月恢复正常水平.结论介入封堵术可通过改变血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平而改善成人CHD患者的内源性纤溶功能.     

急性脑梗死患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平及血液流变学指标变化的相关性分析

目的研究急性脑梗死患者治疗前后血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)的水平及血液流变学指标变化的意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定急性脑梗死患者血浆t-PA和PAI-1的水平,常规方法测定血液流变学指标。结果①脑梗死患者急性期血浆t-PA含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而PAI-1含量则明显高于对照组(P<0.01),恢复期PAI-1水平趋于正常,而t-PA水平与对照组比较仍存在一定差异(P<0.05)。②t-PA和PAI-1的水平与多项血液流变指标相关。结论急性脑梗死患者存在不同程度的凝血纤溶系统失衡,并与血液流变学指标异常密切相关。     

伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者纤溶功能的影响

目的:探讨高血压患者纤溶功能的变化以及伊贝沙坦对其影响。方法:原发性高血压(EH)2级患者42例(EH组),健康对照者30例(对照组);EH患者服用伊贝沙坦150 mg/d,观察对照组及EH组用药前后对纤溶功能的影响。结果:用药前EH组纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)活性明显高于对照组,组纵型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)活性明显低于对照组;用药后纤溶指标PAI-1显著降低(P<0.01),t-PA水平增高(P<0.05)。结论:EH患者存在血纤溶功能异常,伊贝沙坦可改善EH患者纤溶功能失调,对PAI-1作用明显。     

脑梗死患者急性期血浆PAI-1与t-PA比值的变化及临床意义

目的研究脑梗死患者急性期(发病7 d内)血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)与血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)比值的变化及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测67例脑梗死患者急性期血浆PAI-1t、-PA、计算PAI-1/t-PA(P/t)值,并与50名健康对照组作对照。结果脑梗死患者急性期血浆t-pA活性及PAI-1活性均升高,与正常对照组比较有统计学意义(P0.05),P/t值较正常对照组降低(P0.05)。结论脑梗死患者急性期体内纤溶活性相对亢进。在判定体内纤溶活性指标中,P/t值较t-PA、PAI-1稳定可靠。P/t值与纤溶活性呈反比关系。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平与颈动脉粥样硬化关系

探讨2型糖尿病患者血浆纤溶活性因子组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化(carotid atherosclerosis,CAS)的关系.将91例2型糖尿病患者根据颈动脉超声内膜中层厚度分为4组并设健康对照组,分析CAS程度与血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平的关系.结果显示CAS程度与t-PA水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.723,P＜0.01),与PAI-1水平均呈明显正相关(r=0.851,P＜0.01).提示2型糖尿病患者纤溶功能异常可能参与了大血管粥样硬化的发生、发展过程.     

化瘀通络中药对5/6肾切除大鼠纤溶系统的影响

目的 观察化瘀通络中药肾络通对5/6肾切除大鼠纤溶系统的影响.方法 46只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、苯那普利组、肾络通组.复制5/6肾切除肾衰大鼠模型,采用免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法检测各组大鼠肾组织纤溶酶原激活物组织型(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物尿激酶型(u-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物的抑制物-1(PAI-1)及PAI-1 mRNA的表达,并进行病理学检测.结果 模型组t-PA、u-PA的相对含量及ILD值均显著低于假手术组(P＜0.01),而PAI-1及PAI-1 mRNA则显著高于假手术组(P＜0.01);肾络通组、苯那普利组与模型组相比,t-PA、u-PA的相对含量及ILD值均明显升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而PAI-1及PAI-1 mRNA则明显降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 化瘀通络中药肾络通能纠正5/6肾切除大鼠纤溶系统的紊乱,延缓肾脏疾病的进程.     

脑血栓形成病人血浆及脑脊液t-PA及其PAI-1含量的观察

目的：研究动脉粥样硬化性脑血栓形成病人血浆及脑脊液组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA)及其抑制物（PAI-1）含量的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用双抗体夹心固相酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测35例脑血栓形成病人血浆和其中31例病人脑脊液t-PA及PAI-1抗原含量，与35例正常对照组血浆和其中20例对照组脑脊液进行比较。结果；脑血栓形成组血浆t-PA含量高于对照组，PAI-1含量显著高于对照组；其脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1含量均显著高于对照组，脑脊液中t-PA,PAI-1的含量分别与血浆中t-PA,PAI-1的含量，分别与血浆中t-PA,PAI-1的含量呈正相关；脑血栓形成组病人神经功能缺损评分与血浆及脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1抗原含量呈正相关。结论：脑血栓形成病人纤溶活性明显下降，t-PA及PAI-1参与了脑血栓形成之病理过程；t-PA及PAI-1抗原含量是反映体内纤溶活性的两个重要指标；可用血浆或脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1的含量作为判断病情的参考指标之一。     

纤溶活性与2型糖尿病及其大血管病变

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)是纤溶系统的主要调控因子.2型糖尿病患者高血糖、高胰岛素血症、脂代谢紊乱、炎症反应、肥胖等多种因素可引起血浆t-PA水平降低、PAI-1水平升高.纤溶活性的降低参与了大血管病变的发生、发展.提高纤溶活性的综合治疗将对防治糖尿病大血管并发症起一定作用.     

组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物与缺血性脑血管病

组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)是反映纤溶系统活性的两个重要指标。近年的研究发现,t-PA及PAI-1与缺血性脑血管病的发生、发展之间存在着密切关系。文章综述了t-PA及PAI-1的生理生化特性、两者在纤溶系统中的作用、与缺血性脑血管病危险因素的关系以及脑血栓形成过程中的变化。     

Dependence of fibrinolytic activity on the concentration of free rather than total tissue-type plasminogen activator in plasma after pharmacologic administration

To identify factors responsible for the decline of plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-specific activity that we have observed after infusions of the activator and to define the potential usefulness of selected variants of t-PA in obviating them in patients with infarction, serial plasma samples from patients (n = 4) and rabbits (n = 15) given t-PA were assayed for total t-PA antigen, t-PA activity, and free as opposed to type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1)--complexed t-PA. In patients, attenuation of t-PA specific activity after infusions was evident with concentrations of total t-PA antigen that were as much as sevenfold greater than pretreatment values (62 compared with 9 ng/ml). Attenuation of t-PA activity corresponded with the disappearance of free t-PA from plasma and was associated with persistence of complexes of t-PA with PAI-1. In normal rabbits (n = 4) given wild-type t-PA by bolus injection, PAI-1 activity was 4 +/- 1 arbitrary units/ml. Attenuation of t-PA activity was not evident until 60 minutes after injection at a time when total plasma t-PA antigen concentration was as low as 13 +/- 8 ng/ml. Under these conditions, plasma t-PA was composed predominantly of free t-PA. In rabbits (n = 5) given lipopolysaccharide to increase plasma PAI-1 activity to 193 +/- 84 arbitrary units/ml, the specific activity of t-PA was attenuated as early as 15 minutes after injection at a time when total t-PA antigen concentration was as high as 164 +/- 79 ng/ml. As was the case with samples from patients, attenuation was associated with the disappearance of free t-PA and the persistence of complexes of t-PA with PAI-1. A genetically engineered variant of t-PA with comparable specific activity and a comparable rate constant of association with PAI-1 but designed to persist in the circulation manifested prolonged clearance from plasma of normal rabbits (n = 3) (t1/2 = 24.6 +/- 1.6 minutes compared with an alpha phase t1/2 of 1.9 minutes for wild-type t-PA). The variant lacked the epidermal growth factor and kringle one domains and contained a duplicated kringle two domain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

全蝎纯化液对实验性动脉血栓形成t-PA、PAI-1的影响

目的观察全蝎纯化液对新西兰白兔颈总动脉血栓形成组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原活化物抑制剂(PAI-1)、血小板计数(Pt)的变化。方法将50只健康新西兰白兔随机分成5组:空白组、模型组、全蝎纯化液大剂量组(20mg/kg)、全蝎纯化液中剂量组(10mg/kg)和全蝎纯化液小剂量组(5mg/kg)。耳缘静脉注射药物(空白组、模型组注射同等体积的生理盐水)后,采用H2O2损伤新西兰白兔颈总动脉制备血栓模型,造模2h后,采血并取血栓,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测血浆t-PA、PAI-1的含量。结果与空白组比较,模型组t-PA明显降低,PAI-1明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组相比,全蝎纯化液各剂量组能明显抑制PAI-1活性,增加t-PA活性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),而各组的血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全蝎纯化液各剂量组可明显促进血浆t-PA的分泌,抑制血浆PAI-1活性,提示全蝎纯化液抗血栓作用机制可能与其促纤溶作用有关。     

Mean transit times and the sites of synthesis and catabolism of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in young subjects.

Using an invasive technique, we studied the mean transit time, the net quantitative turnover rate, and the sites of synthesis and catabolism of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in healthy young volunteers in the fasting, steady state. Blood was sampled simultaneously from a large hepatic vein, an artery and the inferior caval vein, while measuring the splanchnic plasma flow rate and the plasma volume. We found that the catabolism of active t-PA and t-PA antigen took place in the splanchnic circulation with net rates of 7.2 and 6.3 pmol/min, respectively. The extraction fraction and the mean transit time in the splanchnic circulation were, respectively, 0.63 and 5.6 min for active t-PA and 0.17 and 21 min for t-PA antigen. Active PAI-1 was synthesized in the splanchnic circulation at a rate of 890 IU/min and had a mean transit time of about 9.8 min. No net extraction of PAI-1 antigen took place in the splanchnic circulation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that active t-PA and t-PA antigen are catabolized and active PAI-1 produced in the splanchnic circulation in young healthy subjects during steady state. Furthermore, our data show that active t-PA was also eliminated outside the splanchnic region with a catabolism rate of about 8.4 pmol/min. No net complex formation could be demonstrated in the peripheral circulation. We therefore suggest that active t-PA is eliminated by a re-uptake in the endothelium in the peripheral vessels or in the lung circulation.     

Effect of PAI-1 levels on the molar concentrations of active tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and t-PA/PAI-1 complex in plasma

We determined the in vivo molar concentrations of active tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), active plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and t-PA/PAI-1 complex. t-PA activity was measured in plasma stabilized by immediate acidification. PAI-1 activity and t- PA/PAI-1 complex antigen were measured in citrated plasma; these measurements were corrected for the loss in PAI-1 activity and increase in complex that occurs in unacidified plasma samples due to the continued reaction between t-PA and PAI-1 after the sample was drawn. To convert t-PA and PAI-1 activity measurements into molar concentrations we determined the specific molar activity of t-PA and PAI-1 in vivo: 4.48 x 10(13) IU/mol. Of 72 subjects studied, 13 had less than 150 pmol/L active PAI-1; in these individuals 33% +/- 21% of their t-PA was active and the molar ratio of active t-PA to active PAI- 1 was 0.20 +/- 0.13. In the 11 subjects with greater than 500 pmol/L active PAI-1, 1.5% = 1.1% of the t-PA was active and the molar ratio of active t-PA to active PAI-1 was 0.0043 +/- 0.0036. Overall, the fraction of active t-PA declined exponentially as a function of the active PAI-1 concentration. During the day, the percentage of total t- PA that was active increased from 12% at 8:00 AM to 31% at 8:00 PM, while the molar ratio of active t-PA to active PAI-1 increased from 0.05 to 0.22 from morning to evening (n = 12).     

心绞痛患者纤溶活性变化的研究

目的探讨不同类型心绞痛患者纤溶活性变化。方法将92例心绞痛患者分为三组,稳定型心绞痛组20例,cTnT阴性的不稳定型心绞痛组47例,cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛组25例。另选20例同年龄组的健康体检者为对照组。测定并比较各组血浆D-二聚体(D-dimer)和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)水平。结果cTnT阴性和阳性的不稳定型心绞痛组PAI-1和D-dimer水平均较对照组升高(P<0.01),各组心绞痛患者t-PA/PAI-1较对照组降低(P<0.01)。稳定型心绞痛、cTnT阴性的不稳定型心绞痛和cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛PAI-1、t-PA/PAI-1和D-dimer差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),以cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛患者变化最明显,稳定型心绞痛患者变化较小。结论稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛患者纤溶活性均存在异常,cTnT阳性的不稳定型心绞痛患者变化最明显。     

The release of plasminogen activators (t-PA and u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) after venous stasis.

The aim of the present study was to compare plasma levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), before and after 20 min of venous stasis, with those of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and t-PA/PAI-1 complexes, to determine whether both plasminogen activators and their inhibitor respond similarly to the same stimulus. We studied 36 patients with recurrent venous thrombosis in whom no coagulation defects predisposing them to thrombosis had been detected (mean age 38.2 years, range 15-70 years). Twenty healthy individuals (mean age 34.3 years, range 20-60 years) served as a control group. t-PA, PAI-1 and u-PA activity and antigen, as well as the t-PA/PAI-1 complex antigen, were measured before and after venous stasis. Post-stasis fibrinolytic parameters were corrected for the haemoconcentration which occurred during the venous occlusion test. Pathologically high PAI-1 levels (antigen and activity) were found in four out of 36 patients who were excluded from study. Functional and antigenic u-PA increased significantly after venous stasis when analysed as the absolute differences between paired samples (P less than 0.01). This increase in u-PA did not correlate with changes in t-PA or PAI-1 (r = 0.28 and r = 0.36 respectively). This leads us to suggest that different mechanisms relating to clearance and/or release from diverse sources might be involved in elevations of u-PA in response to a local endothelial stimulus. We conclude that venous stasis might not be the elective choice when evaluating 'bad responders' predisposed to thrombosis.     

丹红注射液对不稳定型心绞痛病人炎症反应物及纤溶活性的影响

目的探讨丹红注射液对不稳定型心绞痛(UA)病人血浆炎症反应物及纤溶活性的影响。方法140例UA病人随机分为常规治疗组(67例)和丹红治疗组(73例),另设正常对照组50名。丹红治疗组于常规治疗基础上加用丹红注射液20mL静脉输注,每日1次,疗程为3周。两组分别于治疗前及结束时测定血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(DD)浓度和组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性。结果丹红注射液治疗3周后,CRP,IL-6,FIB,DD,PAI-1水平下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),t-PA活性升高(P<0.01)。治疗前UA病人的CRP与IL-6,PAI-1,DD呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与t-PA呈负相关(P<0.01)。丹红治疗组治疗后CRP与IL-6,PAI-1呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与t-PA呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论UA病人应用丹红注射液治疗,可能有利于抑制炎症反应,改善内皮功能,提高纤溶活性,稳定斑块。     

心力衰竭患者血浆纤溶活性指标的变化及福辛普利的干预作用

目的:探讨心力衰竭患者血浆纤溶活性指标的变化以及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂福辛普利干预的影响。方法:58例心力衰竭患者随机分成福辛普利组30例和常规治疗组28例,福辛普利组在常规治疗基础上加用福辛普利10mg/d,入院后当天和治疗后2周采血检测血浆纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物1(PAI1)含量与活性、组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)活性。选择20例健康体检者作为正常对照。结果:与健康体检者比较,心力衰竭患者血浆PAI1含量与活性升高,tPA活性降低(P均<0.01);治疗后2周福辛普利组较常规治疗组血浆PAI1含量与活性明显降低(P均<0.01),tPA活性明显升高(P均<0.01)。结论:心力衰竭时血浆纤溶活性降低,福辛普利治疗可改善其纤溶活性,对降低心力衰竭患者血栓栓塞性疾病的发生可能有重要意义。     

Plasma and platelet plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Several studies have demonstrated an increased level of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the concentration of PAI-1 in platelets, which accounts for more than 90% of the blood PAI-1, is unknown in these patients. The present study evaluated the concentrations of PAI-1 and several fibrinolytic factors in the plasma and platelets of patients with CAD and the serial changes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). All 72 subjects had coronary angiography and were divided into 3 groups: CAD(-) group without coronary artery stenosis or myocardial ischemia (n=20), CAD(+) group with either stable angina pectoris (n=18) or old myocardial infarction (n=12) with coronary artery stenosis, and the AMI group admitted within 24h of symptom onset who underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (n=22). The concentrations of plasma PAI-1, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and t-PA x PAI-1 complex were similar in the CAD(-) and CAD(+) groups, but were greater on day 1 in the AMI group compared with the 2 CAD groups. There were no significant differences between the 3 groups in the plasma concentrations of thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT), alpha2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex (PIC), beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), and platelet factor 4 (PF-4). The platelet PAI-1 concentrations did not differ between the CAD(-) and CAD(+) groups, but was greater on day 1 in the AMI group compared to the CAD groups. The platelet beta-TG and PF-4 were similar between the 3 groups. In the AMI group, both the plasma and platelet PAI-1 concentrations were greater on day 1, but the plasma PAI-1 rapidly decreased by day 5 and remained low on day 28 compared with day 1. The platelet PAI-1 concentration gradually decreased by day 5 and was further decreased by day 28. The serial changes of the plasma t-PA and t-PA PAI-1 complex during the course of AMI were similar to those of the plasma PAI-1. A positive correlation was found between the plasma and platelet PAI-1 in all 72 patients, but not in the AMI group alone. These results suggest that the PAI-1 that has accumulated in platelets at the onset of AMI might be released in large amounts into the plasma, resulting in an increase in thrombus formation.