Transpupillary thermotherapy in the management of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma

Laser photocoagulation and various radiation therapy methods have been used in the treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma that produce visual loss. Recently, transpupillary thermotherapy has been employed in the management of choroidal hemangioma. Thirty-six cases of choroidal hemangioma treated with transpupillary thermotherapy are reviewed. Twenty-eight cases were reported in the literature and 10 cases were managed by the author. Transpupillary thermotherapy has been used as a primary treatment (36 cases) or secondary treatment (2 cases) for choroidal hemangioma. The goal of transpupillary thermotherapy is to achieve resolution of exudative detachment of the fovea and improvement of vision. In all eyes the foveal detachment subsided. In 26 eyes having pretreatment visual acuity >or=0.05 (20/400), the visual acuity increased in 20 (77%) eyes and remained unchanged in 6 (23%) eyes. After transpupillary thermotherapy, 16 (42%) cases showed complete regression, 20 (53%) demonstrated partial regression, and in 2 (5%) there was no change in tumor thickness at follow-ups ranging from 2 to 44 months. Complications of transpupillary thermotherapy of choroidal hemangioma included cystoid macular edema (3 eyes), preretinal fibrosis (2 eyes), focal iris atrophy (3 eyes), and retinal vascular occlusion (1 eye). Although the follow-up in many studies is limited, transpupillary thermotherapy has not been associated with any significant complications.     

两种方法治疗孤立性脉络膜血管瘤疗效对比

目的：对比观察在孤立性脉络膜血管瘤(circumscribed choroidal hemangioma,CCH)的治疗中,光动力学疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)与经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy, TTT )的临床疗效。

方法：选取CCH患者24例24眼,应用TTT治疗12例,PDT治疗12例。观察患眼治疗前后最佳矫正视力; 眼底彩色照片,检眼镜下观察瘤体变化; B超或彩色多普勒检查瘤体大小、高度变化; 光学相干断层扫描检查浆液性视网膜下积液的变化; 荧光素血管造影及吲哚菁绿血管造影判断瘤体渗漏情况及并发症等。

结果：所有患者经治疗后眼底检查均可见视网膜下浆液性渗出消失,彩色多普勒超声示瘤体萎缩,视网膜平伏,血流呈阴性,荧光素血管造影联合吲哚菁绿血管造影可见瘤体血管荧光渗漏减轻,光学相干断层扫描示黄斑及瘤体浆液性视网膜脱离完全平伏,瘤体平复。TTT治疗患者12例12眼术后视力提高、稳定、下降比例,各占33.3%; 眼底观察可见瘤体萎缩瘢痕,机化,大量色素增生或色素缺失,部分血管闭塞。PDT治疗患者12例12眼,视力提高者66.7%,视力稳定者33.3%,无视力下降; 眼底观察可见瘤体萎缩呈白色,轻度色素紊乱,视网膜及脉络膜正常血管未见损害。

结论：TTT与PDT治疗CCH,均能使瘤体萎缩并促进渗出吸收,但PDT对眼底正常组织损伤明显小于TTT,具有更高的安全性。     

Transpupillary thermotherapy in the management of juxtapapillary and parafoveal circumscribed choroidal hemangioma

BACKGROUND: Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) is a rare, vascular tumor that may be associated with formation of subretinal fluid, cystic retinal de-generation, and serous retinal detachment. Studies have suggested that proximity of this tumor to the fovea or optic nerve precludes the use of trans-pupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for treatment. We report our experience using TTT in managing patients with juxtapapillary and parafoveal CCH. METHODS: We reviewed the records of consecutive patients with CCH treated by TTT at Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, between November 1999 and March 2003. This resulted in 11 eyes of 11 patients with juxtapapillary or parafoveal tumors. Treatment was delivered via slit lamp using an 810 nm diode laser with 350 to 800 mW, a 3.0 mm spot, and duration range from 5 s to 90 s. Outcome measures were reduction in tumor thickness, resolution of serous fluid, tumor control, visual acuity, and complications of treatment. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 47.6 years. Symptoms included blurred vision, metamorphopsia, light flashes, and floaters. Macular and optic disk edema, field defect, presence of subretinal fluid, and retinal detachment were noted. At presentation, Snellen visual acuity ranged from 20/70 to hand motions. Mean tumor base diameter was 6.0 mm and tumor thickness at baseline was 3.0 mm. Mean follow-up was 18.0 months. Post-TTT, mean tumor thickness was 2.8 mm. Macular and optic disk edema resolved in the majority of patients. Partial regression of the tumor was noted in 4 cases (36%) and good tumor control in 9 cases (82%). Visual acuity improved in 6 patients (55%). INTERPRETATION: TTT can be effective for treating juxtapapillary and para-foveal CCH. Proximity to the fovea and optic nerve may not be predictive of poor post-treatment visual acuity, although statistical analysis with a larger sample size would more clearly demonstrate a clear advantage.     

A case of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma in Sturge-Weber syndrome in China

We present a case of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) in Sturge-Weber syndrome in a 30-year-old woman with congenital port-wine stains on the left side of face involving the upper eyelid, cheek and the nose, and she had undergone facial hemangioma surgery 3 years ago suggestive of Sturge-Weber syndrome. She presented with a 1-month history of rapidly decreased visual acuity (VA) to counting fingers in the left eye which had no prior history of visual problem. And there was no evidence of glaucoma. At 3 months after the treatment of the standard photodynamic therapy (PDT) the VA was 20/200. For some reasons, we have no idea about the changes of tumor thickness and subretinal fluid. We confirmed the curative effect of PDT treatment for CCH because of the significantly improved VA in the bad eye.     

Comparison of outcomes between overlapping-spot and single-spot photodynamic therapy for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma

AIM:To compare the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with overlapping multiple spots and single spot for treating circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.METHODS:Twenty-two patients (22 eyes) with symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma received PDT treatment. Fourteen patients received overlapping spots (two to three spots) PDT, whereas eight patients received single-spot PDT. Laser was used at 50J/cm² for 83s in the overlapping-spot group and 50J/cm² for 166s in the single-spot group. Clinical examination, funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, and ultrasonography were performed at baseline and after treatment.RESULTS:The mean follow-up time was 28.5±8.0 months in the overlapping-spot group and 27.0±5.0 months in the single-spot group. Nine patients (64.2%) had their vision improved over two lines on the Snellen chart, and five patients showed stable visual acuity in the overlapping-spot group. The mean thickness of tumor decreased from 2.7±0.8mm to 1.2±0.9mm, and the mean greatest tumor linear dimension decreased from 7.4±1.5mm to 4.5±3.5mm after treatment. In the single-spot group, two patients (25%) had their vision improved over two lines on the Snellen chart, and six patients had unchanged stable vision. The mean tumor thickness in this group decreased from 2.5±0.7mm to 1.4±1.0mm, and the mean greatest tumor linear dimension decreased from 7.2±1.3mm to 4.7±3.6mm. No significant differences in visual improvement and tumor regression were found between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Overlapping-spot PDT under appropriate treatment parameters and strategies is as effective and safe as single-spot PDT for treating symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. Improved or stabilized visual acuity was achieved as a result of tumor regression.     

光动力疗法治疗脉络膜新生血管性疾病的初步临床观察

目的:观察使用维替泊芬光动力疗法(photodynamic thera-py,PDT)治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related maculardegeneration,AMD)、病理性近视和特发性脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)等3种主要的CNV相关疾病的临床效果。方法:对96例(109眼)经临床确诊的上述CNV患者进行PDT治疗,随访1～24(平均9.4)mo。采用最佳矫正视力、荧光素血管造影、吲哚青绿血管造影、光学相干断层成像等指标,观察治疗前后患者的视功能、CNV病灶大小及渗漏情况、以及视网膜水肿变化等,评价PDT治疗CNV的疗效。结果:本组病例包括AMD42例(54眼),病理性近视17例(18眼),特发性CNV患者37例(37眼)。AMD、病理性近视和特发性CNV的平均治疗次数分别为1.2,1.5和1.2次;视力稳定和提高者各组分别为83.3%,83.3%和86.5%;CNV渗漏停止或减少者各组分别为90.7%,83.3%和89.2%:视网膜水肿减轻者各组分别为77.8%,88.9%和86.5%。除3例AMD患者出现眼部严重不良反应外,未发现其他严重不良反应。结论:PDT可有效地改善或稳定AMD、病理性近视和特发性CNV患者的视功能,控制病变进展,近期随访结果安全有效。     

PDT联合玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗治疗孤立性脉络膜血管瘤

目的：观察光动力(photodynamic therapy, PDT)联合玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗治疗孤立性脉络膜血管瘤(circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, CCH)的临床疗效。

方法：临床确诊为CCH患者6例6眼纳入研究。治疗前光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查结果显示均有黄斑区视网膜神经上皮脱离和黄斑水肿。所有患者行PDT 48h后再行玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗0.5mg(0.05mL)。分别在治疗后1、3、6mo进行最佳矫正视力、眼底照相、视网膜血管造影(FFA)、脉络膜血管造影(ICGA)、眼部B超、OCT检查。

结果：治疗后随访4～10mo, 治疗眼视力均提高,平均视力提高7行,最佳矫正视力达到0.5～1.0, ICGA检查：轻微点状弱荧光或荧光消失。超声波检查：瘤体面积明显缩小或消失。OCT检查显示黄斑部浆液性视网膜脱离平复,黄斑水肿消失,视网膜结构清晰。平均随访6mo未见肿瘤复发。

结论：PDT治疗使脉络膜血管瘤明显萎缩,雷珠单抗玻璃体注射促进网膜下积液的吸收,可短期内提高患眼视力。二者联合治疗,各发挥其优点,缩短病程,降低了多次治疗费用。     

Fluorescein angiographic findings and results of laser treatment in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma

We studied retrospectively 12 eyes with a solitary choroidal hemangioma in 12 patients over a period of 13 years. A peculiar, even hyperfluorescence of the tumor within the retinal venous phases occurred in all 12 cases. In all but four patients, laser therapy was performed to reduce subretinal fluid and partially destroy the tumor. Two of the three eyes without extensive retinal detachment or cystoid macular edema at the initial visit regained a final vision of 20/30 or better. The remaining 5 patients with the two major complications had a final vision of 20/80 or worse due to degenerative retinal changes. We believe that laser treatment is definitely advisable in the early stages of a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.The study was performed at the Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Nijmegen.     

Comparison of photodynamic therapy and transpupillary thermotherapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare photodynamic therapy (PDT) against subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) with a diode laser for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD were offered PDT as an initial intervention. If they declined PDT, then TTT was offered. RESULTS: We evaluated and followed 115 consecutive patients for an average of 1 year. The primary outcome measure was visual acuity, but the interventions were also compared on the basis of lesion size and angiographically determined lesion activity. Baseline comparisons between the 2 treatment groups showed significant differences in pretreatment visual acuity, lesion size, and lesion composition. Univariate analysis of outcomes demonstrated equivalence between the treatment groups in final lesion size, angiographic activity, and visual acuity. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated equivalence between the treatment groups in final visual acuity while controlling for age, pretreatment visual acuity, and lesion category. Predominantly classic lesions were associated with poorer visual outcomes. INTERPRETATION: The PDT and TTT groups were equivalent in terms of all outcome parameters evaluated.     

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration and other causes: a New Zealand outcomes study

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other conditions by analysing visual acuity changes. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients treated with PDT was conducted. CNV was confirmed on fluorescein angiography. Visual acuity outcomes were recorded at 3-monthly intervals to a maximum of 48 months. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients avoiding moderate visual loss (losing less than three lines of visual acuity relative to baseline) at 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 343 patients receiving PDT were followed up for a mean of 14.9 months. Two hundred and eighty-five (83%) patients presented with CNV due to AMD and 58 patients (17%) due to other causes. Seventy per cent of patients with CNV secondary to AMD avoided moderate visual loss at both 12 and 24 months. Secondary outcomes (including mean change in visual acuity, proportion of patients with stable or improved vision and proportion of patients with severe vision loss) also compared favourably with the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Investigation. Of patients with CNV secondary to causes other than AMD, 76% avoided moderate visual loss at both 12 and 24 months. The safety profile identified one severe adverse reaction, with development of a serous pigment epithelial detachment and subsequent rip. CONCLUSION: The results of this present retrospective, open-label, clinical practice study in New Zealand are consistent with the findings of multicentre randomized, placebo-controlled trials and confirm the treatment benefit of PDT in a clinical setting.     

局限性脉络膜血管瘤两种激光治疗效果对比

目的比较光动力疗法（PDT）和经瞳孔温热疗法（Trr）对局限性脉络膜血管瘤的治疗效果。方法任选进入经瞳孔温热疗法组114例（114只眼）和光动力疗法组20例（20只眼）。采用荧光素眼底血管造影及眼B型超声波检查。经瞳孔温热疗法治疗时光斑覆盖整个瘤体呈灰白色反应。如瘤体较大则多个光斑组合。每次所作光斑点数1～6个。治疗次数1～5次。治疗间隔时间1～3个月。光动力疗法治疗采用维替泊芬（verteporfin）静脉注射15min后,用689nm激光照射。肿物厚度≤3mm者采用83s,〉3mm采用166s。光斑点数1～4个。治疗间隔时间≥3个月。结果从5个方面对两种疗法进行对比。（1）瘤体部位。经瞳孔温热疗法治疗黄斑区肿物有效率达91．0％（61／67）,视盘旁肿物有效率为94．3％（33／35）,二者差异无统计学意义（P=0．563）。（2）视网膜脱离。该因素对PDT治疗的影响比TTT大。（3）瘤体厚度≥4mm者,TTT所用激光穿透力强,比PDT优越。（4）激光对瘤体和组织的反应。PDT治疗后有轻微色素变动,也可引起迟发性脉络膜视网膜的萎缩。邢治疗所形成色素瘢痕增生比PDT明显（5）有效率及视力。两组进行有效率及视力对比,P=0．40,0．28,均无统计学意义。结论两种疗法均有治疗效果。位于黄斑中心区的渗液较少且不厚的肿物,可优先考虑作PDT治疗。如需再作,应慎重考虑PDT对组织的损伤。国人PDT治疗参数及对组织的损伤仍有观察探讨的必要。瘤体较厚渗液较多者可优先考虑,TTT治疗。     

PDT联合血栓通治疗AMD并发脉络膜新生血管化

目的: 观察光动力疗法(PDT)联合中药血栓通注射液治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)并发脉络膜新生血管化(CNV)的临床疗效。方法: 选择年龄相关性黄斑变性并发脉络膜新生血管化(AMD-CNV)患者17例17眼,男7例,女10例,年龄53～72岁。患者经过视力、眼压、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)等检查确诊。患者用PDT治疗5d后,再用500mg中药血栓通注射液静脉滴注10d,1次/d,疗程为15d,观察治疗后1,3和6mo疗效。结果: 治疗6mo,17例中视力提高8例(47%),视力稳定无明显变化6例(35%),视力下降3例(18%);12例(71%)CNV闭合且渗漏完全停止,5例(29%)CNV大部分闭合。1例出现一过性视物模糊。结论: PDT联合中药血栓通注射液治疗AMD-CNV方法简单,疗效可靠,可在临床推广应用。     

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in age‐related macular degeneration: a systematic review of efficacy,safety, treatment modifications and pharmacoeconomic properties

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin has been used less comprehensively in the treatment of exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), and specifically of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), since the advent of antiangiogenic therapies. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in PDT as an adjunct to these and other agents in the treatment of neovascular AMD. In light of this new development and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency’s (EMEA) recent labelling decision to rescind approval for the use of PDT in occult CNV lesions, the present systematic review was undertaken to revisit the evidence supporting its clinical application. Photodynamic therapy provided the first pharmacological treatment for patients suffering from subfoveal CNV, the major cause of severe vision loss in AMD. Key clinical trials evaluating efficacy and safety have examined patients with all lesion subtypes, with the primary labelled indication (i.e. lesions containing a classic component of ≥ 50% ) deriving from the results of the Treatment of Age‐related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Study. The subsequent TAP Study Group post hoc categorization of lesions as predominantly classic is open to question, however, as it appears that the overall efficacy in this group only may have reflected the especially strong response in 100% classic lesions. Based on a subgroup analysis of the Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy Study, the indication for PDT subsequently was expanded in some jurisdictions, including that of the EMEA, to include occult lesions with no classic component. However, the subsequent Visudyne in Occult Study found no benefit in 100% occult lesions, resulting in the EMEA rescinding its approval for this indication.     

Use of fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy patients following photodynamic therapy

Background: Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a sight-threatening event in many elderly people. Some patients have a much better outcome in visual acuity (VA) than others after treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. The combination of fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph II (HRA 2) should make a delineation of distinct pattern(s) possible in order to better select and assess therapy.Methods: This is a retrospective, case-control, single-centre study. We identified a total of 168 eyes of 168 patients from July 2003 to June 2006, including 30 eyes of 30 patients with better visual outcome, defined in this study as VA ≤0.48 logMAR (≥20/60 Snellen chart) at the end of the study. Best-corrected VA, maximal central retinal thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography, and results of the FA/ICG angiography using the HRA 2 were analyzed. In this article, we discuss patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and their characteristics.Results: The average follow-up time was 15.3 months (range 4–28 months). Seventeen (57%) of the 30 patients with better visual outcome had PCV. All patients in the group with better visual outcome needed fewer PDT treatments compared with our control group of patients with an exudative AMD.Interpretation: Simultaneous FA/ICG angiography using the HRA 2 allowed delineation of a subgroup of patients with PCV who showed a better visual outcome compared with those with other types of exudative AMD, after treatment with PDT.     

Socioeconomic status and clinical features of patients undergoing photodynamic therapy or transpupillary thermotherapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare baseline clinical and socioeconomic features of patients undergoing self-funded photodynamic therapy (PDT) or government-funded subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) with a diode laser for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Between July 2000 and August 2001, 115 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD were offered PDT as an initial intervention. If individuals believed that they could not afford or did not want PDT, then TTT was offered. In masked fashion, leakage pattern and lesion size were determined retrospectively from pretreatment angiograms. Baseline visual acuity was determined with autorefraction and subsequent Snellen testing. The mean income of each treatment group was estimated from the average sex-specific income for each subject's postal code, based on the 1996 Canadian census data. The average education level for each subject's postal code was also determined. RESULTS: The patients who were not willing to pay for PDT had significantly worse macular disease before treatment (larger lesions and poorer visual acuity) and a significantly lower mean income than the patients who were willing to pay for PDT. INTERPRETATION: The severity of exudative choroidal neovascularization appears to be associated with lower socioeconomic status.     

Photodynamic therapy in practice: a review of the results of the first 12 months experience with verteporfin at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital

Purpose: To review the 12‐month results of the first 136 eyes treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin at a single institution, and to determine if this treatment when used in the broader community could reproduce the results achieved in the Treatment of Age‐related Macular Degeneration (AMD) with PDT (TAP) study. Methods: A record of all patients who first received PDT with verteporfin at The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital between the time of its introduction in February 2000 and February 2001 was prospectively maintained. The medical charts of these cases were reviewed and fluorescein angiograms were graded. Eyes with AMD were classified into three groups: TAP comparable if they had predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and visual acuity between 6/12 and 6/60; VIP comparable if they had occult but no classic subfoveal CNV and visual acuity better than 6/36; and PDT ineligible if they fell outside recommended eligibility guidelines of the TAP/VIP studies. The main outcome measure was visual acuity change, with total number of treatments a secondary outcome variable. Results: A total of 136 eyes of 130 patients began PDT during this period. The baseline angiogram and clinical data were available for 123 eyes (90%), and these were reviewed. Fourteen eyes had non‐AMD related CNV, while 109 eyes of 105 patients had AMD. Of the 109 AMD related lesions, 72 (66%) were TAP comparable, six (5.5%) were VIP comparable and 31 (28%) were PDT ineligible. At the 12‐month visit the proportion of TAP comparable eyes with same or better vision was 36/72 (50%), compared to 13/31 (42%) of the PDT ineligible eyes (P = 0.45). Only 30/72 (42%) of the TAP comparable eyes were still undergoing regular angiographic and clinical assessment (similar to the TAP protocol) at the time of the 12 month visit. The number of these who had same or better vision at 12 months was 17/30 (57%) compared to 19/42 (44%) TAP comparable eyes without regular angiographic follow up to 12 months (P = 0.37). Conclusions: When used according to the guidelines estab­lished by the TAP study, the visual acuity results with PDT approached those achieved in the TAP study. When eyes were either enrolled outside the TAP study eligibility guidelines, or were not actively followed up over the 12‐month period as per TAP study guidelines, the visual outcome was similar to natural history of CNV secondary to AMD.     

Factors influencing poor visual outcome in patients treated with photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated patients with choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration for factors that may predict the visual outcome after photodynamic therapy. METHODS: A retrospective review of 172 eyes of 172 consecutive patients who received photodynamic therapy for predominantly classic with and without occult, minimally classic and occult choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to macular degeneration in private practice from June 2000 to September 2004 was undertaken. All eyes had a baseline vision of 6/12 to 6/60. Classification of lesion composition, retreatment and follow up adhered to published photodynamic therapy guidelines. The primary outcomes measured were effects of patient age, baseline visual acuity, lesion composition and lesion size on final visual acuity and loss of less than 15 letters of logMAR at 12 months. RESULTS: All eyes were followed up for 12 months. Baseline mean logMAR visual acuity was logMAR 0.64. Using multivariate logistic regression, loss of logMAR vision at 12 months was independently associated with increasing age (P=0.004), better baseline vision (P=0.009) and increasing lesion size (P=0.035). However, there was no association with lesion composition (P=0.16). At 12 months the loss of 15 letters or less was found in 101 (59.7%; 95% confidence interval: 51.0-66.2%) of all patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no statistically significant association between lesion composition defined on fluorescein angiography and loss of visual acuity compared with previous studies. Factors associated with an increased rate of loss of 15 letters were increasing age of the patient, increasing lesion size and better baseline logMAR vision.     

光动力疗法治疗国人常见脉络膜新生血管疾病的二年随访观察

目的研究光动力疗法（PDT）治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）、病理性近视（PM）和特发性脉络膜新生血管形成（CNV）三种国内常见CNV相关疾病的长期效果和安全性。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2005年6月至2007年12月西京医院眼科确诊的CNV患者91例（101眼）。方法患者经常规PDT治疗,治疗后每3个月进行复查,复发的患者再次行PDT治疗。观察治疗前与治疗后12、24个月时患者的最佳矫正视力（BCVA,ETDRS视力表）、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）图像上CNV病灶情况、治疗次数及不良事件等。患者治疗后均完成24个月随访。主要指标BCVA,CNV病灶大小和活动性。结果AMD、PM和特发性CNV的平均治疗次数分别为1．50、1．38和1．19次。AMD组治疗后BCVA和CNV病灶大小均无明显变化,保持稳定;PM组和特发性CNV组视力提高（分别为7．0和7．7个字母,7．6和11．6个字母）,并且CNV病灶缩小。三组病例视力稳定和提高者12个月时分别为77．1％、76．2％和87．5％;24个月时为79．2％、81．0％和87．5％。CNV进展者12个月时各组分别为18．8％、19．0％和12．5％;24个月时为14．6％、14．3％和6．2％。除3例（2．2％）AMD患者因玻璃体积血和视网膜色素上皮撕裂导致眼部严重不良反应外,未发现其他严重不良反应。结论在2年的随访期间,PDT可安全有效地改善或稳定我国临床常见CNV患者的视功能,控制病变进展。     

The changes of multifocal electroretinography in the early stage of photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization

To investigate short-term changes in the multifocal electroretinography (ERG) recordings after photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 16 patients (17 eyes) with classic CNV confirmed by fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), including 11 cases (12 eyes) of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), two cases (two eyes) of pathological myopia and three cases (three eyes) of idiopathic causes, were treated using PDT with verteporfin. The multifocal ERGs of these patients were tested with VERIS Science^TM4.0 imaging system. The latencies and average response densities of all six ring retinal regions were measured and compared before PDT and 3 or 7 days after PDT. The latencies and amplitude densities of the N₁ and P₁ waves in all six rings remained unchanged at 3 or 7 days post-treatment (p>0.05). Therefore, there is no significant evidence to suggest an adverse effect from PDT for classic CNV on the outer retinal function in the early stage of treatment, with the aid of the multifocal ERG recordings.