基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制因子与肿瘤研究进展

随着对基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)与基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子(TIMP)功能和作用机制研究的深人,近年来对MMP和TIMP与肿瘤发生发展的关系有了许多新的认识。MMP的功能远非仅限于降解细胞外基质(ECM)来促进肿瘤的侵袭与转移,而是广泛参与肿瘤发生发展的各个阶段和环节。     

基质金属蛋白酶与乳腺癌关系研究进展

细胞外基质(ECM)的降解是肿瘤侵袭、转移的重要信号和途径。基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)是溶解ECM的一组酶类，金属蛋白酶组织抑制物(TIMP)是MMP的特异性抑制物。二者的表达及代谢失衡与乳腺癌的侵袭、转移和临床预后有密切联系。TIMP有望成为新的抗乳腺癌临床用药。现综述近年来有关MMP、TIMP与乳腺癌关系的研究进展。     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂与肿瘤侵袭转移

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(TIMP)是基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)的特异性抑制剂，对抑制肿瘤的侵袭转移起重要作用。TIMP的表达水平与肿瘤预后具相关性，在肿瘤治疗上有潜在的重要价值。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与肿瘤的相关性

细胞外基质(extra cellular matrix,ECM)是存在于细胞与细胞之间的结缔组织.基质金属蛋白酶类(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)是由多种锌离子依赖性酶组成的能降解细胞外基质蛋白的重要酶类,其活性在基因转录、酶原活化和活化后调节3个方面受到机体的调控.在肿瘤组织中,MMPs的表达很广泛.MMPs可促进肿瘤的生长、调节肿瘤细胞的凋亡,通过降解ECM促进新生血管生成及调节细胞之间黏附等机制促进肿瘤的浸润、侵袭和转移,帮助肿瘤细胞逃避机体的免疫.总之,MMP是一类与肿瘤关系十分密切的蛋白水解酶,通过对MMPs及MMPs抑制剂的研究,人们在肿瘤生物学和肿瘤治疗方面都取得了较大的进步.     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂与肿瘤侵袭转移

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(TIMP)是基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)的特异性抑制剂,对抑制肿瘤的侵袭转移起重要作用.TIMP的表达水平与肿瘤预后具相关性,在肿瘤治疗上有潜在的重要价值.     

基质金属蛋白酶与乳腺癌关系研究进展

细胞外基质(ECM)的降解是肿瘤侵袭、转移的重要信号和途径.基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)是溶解ECM的一组酶类,金属蛋白酶组织抑制物(TIMP)是MMP的特异性抑制物.二者的表达及代谢失衡与乳腺癌的侵袭、转移和临床预后有密切联系.TIMP有望成为新的抗乳腺癌临床用药.现综述近年来有关MMP、TIMP与乳腺癌关系的研究进展.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2和组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-3在贲门癌中的表达及其临床意义

 目的　研究基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）及组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-3（TIMP-3）在贲门癌中的表达及与病理分期间的关系。方法　115例贲门癌患者手术切除标本,以其中40例患者癌旁非肿瘤胃组织（离癌灶边缘>5 cm）为正常对照,二步法免疫组织化学检测MMP-2、TIMP-3的表达,分析二者表达与病理分期之间的关系;并通过Kaplan-Meier寿命表法分析与预后的关系;COX模型多因素分析贲门癌的独立预后因子。结果　MMP-2在贲门癌和癌旁对照组织阳性表达率分别为57.4 %（66例）和40.0 %（16例）（P＜0.05）,其表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及病期正相关,与贲门癌患者预后呈负相关（P＜0.05）。TIMP-3在贲门癌和癌旁对照组织阳性表达率分别为48.7 %（56例）和95.0 %（38例）（P＜0.05）,其在贲门癌中的表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及病期负相关,与患者预后正相关。结论　MMP-2表达增加及TIMP-3表达缺失,在贲门癌侵袭、转移中发挥重要作用。联合检测MMP-2与TIMP-3,有助于了解贲门癌的发展和评估贲门癌患者的预后。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2和组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-3在贲门癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-3(TIMP-3)在贲门癌中的表达及与病理分期间的关系.方法 115例贲门癌患者手术切除标本,以其中40例患者癌旁非肿瘤胃组织(离癌灶边缘>5 cm)为正常对照,二步法免疫组织化学检测MMP-2、TIMP-3的表达,分析二者表达与病理分期之间的关系;并通过Kaplan-Meier寿命表法分析与预后的关系;COX模型多因素分析贲门癌的独立预后因子.结果 MMP-2在贲门癌和癌旁对照组织阳性表达率分别为57.4%(66例)和40.0%(16例)(P<0.05),其表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及病期正相关,与贲门癌患者预后呈负相关(P<0.05).TIMP-3在贲门癌和癌旁对照组织阳性表达率分别为48.7%(56例)和95.0%(38例)(P<0.05),其在贲门癌中的表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及病期负相关,与患者预后正相关.结论 MMP-2表达增加及TIMP-3表达缺失,在贲门癌侵袭、转移中发挥重要作用.联合检测MMP-2与TIMP-3,有助于了解贲门癌的发展和评估贲门癌患者的预后.     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制物在子宫内膜癌中的表达

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9及其组织抑制物(TIMP)-1在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床病理学意义.方法应用链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶免疫组织化学方法对40例子宫内膜癌组织及10例正常子宫内膜组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1蛋白及活性进行检测.结果子宫内膜癌组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1的阳性率高于正常子宫内膜,差异有显著性.组织学分级为G3的子宫内膜癌组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达水平高于G2和G1,手术病理分期Ⅱ～Ⅲ期的子宫内膜癌组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达水平高于Ⅰ期.结论子宫内膜癌组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达随着组织学分级和手术病理分期的升高而增加.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2和组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-3在贲门癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-3(TIMP-3)在贲门癌中的表达及与病理分期间的关系.方法 115例贲门癌患者手术切除标本,以其中40例患者癌旁非肿瘤胃组织(离癌灶边缘>5 cm)为正常对照,二步法免疫组织化学检测MMP-2、TIMP-3的表达,分析二者表达与病理分期之间的关系;并通过Kaplan-Meier寿命表法分析与预后的关系;COX模型多因素分析贲门癌的独立预后因子.结果 MMP-2在贲门癌和癌旁对照组织阳性表达率分别为57.4%(66例)和40.0%(16例)(P<0.05),其表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及病期正相关,与贲门癌患者预后呈负相关(P<0.05).TIMP-3在贲门癌和癌旁对照组织阳性表达率分别为48.7%(56例)和95.0%(38例)(P<0.05),其在贲门癌中的表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及病期负相关,与患者预后正相关.结论 MMP-2表达增加及TIMP-3表达缺失,在贲门癌侵袭、转移中发挥重要作用.联合检测MMP-2与TIMP-3,有助于了解贲门癌的发展和评估贲门癌患者的预后.     

Study of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in breast cancer

An immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue microarrays and specific antibodies against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, and their tisullar inhibitors (TIMPs) 1, 2, and 3. More than 2600 determinations on cancer specimens from 131 patients with primary ductal invasive tumours of the breast (65 with and 66 without distant metastasis) and controls were performed. Staining results were categorised using a score based on the intensity of the staining and a specific software program calculated the percentage of immunostained cells automatically. We observed a broad variation of the total immunostaining scores and the cell type expressing each protein. There were multiple and significant associations between the expression of the different MMPs and TIMPs evaluated and some parameters indicative of tumour aggressiveness, such as large tumour size, advanced tumour grade, high Nottinham prognostic index, negative oestrogen receptor status, peritumoural inflammation, desmoplastic reaction, and infiltrating tumoural edge. Likewise, the detection of elevated immunohistochemical scores for MMP-9, 11, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, was significantly associated with a higher rate of distant metastases. The expression of MMP-9 or TIMP-2 by tumour cells, MMP-1, 7, 9, 11, 13, or TIMP-3 by fibroblastic cells, and MMP-7, 9, 11, 13, 14, TIMP-1, or TIMP-2 by mononuclear inflammatory cells, was also significantly associated with a higher rate of distant metastases.     

Study of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in prostate cancer

Background:

Extracellular matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) have raised an extraordinary interest in cancer research because of their potential role in basal membrane and extracellular matrix degradation, consequently facilitating tumour invasion and metastases development.

Methods:

An immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against MMPs 1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, and their tissue inhibitors, TIMPs 1, 2 and 3. More than 2600 determinations on cancer specimens from 133 patients with clinically localised prostate carcinoma, 20 patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 50 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and controls, were performed.

Results:

When compared with benign pathologies, prostate carcinomas had higher expression of all MMPs and TIMPs. Dendogram shows a first-order division of tumours into two distinct MMPs/TIMPs molecular profiles, one of them with high MMPs/TIMs expression profile (n=70; 52.6%). Tumours with high expression of MMP-11 or -13, or cluster thereof, were significantly associated with higher probability of biochemical recurrence.

Conclusion:

The expression of MMPs and TIMPs seems to have an important role in the molecular biology of prostate carcinomas, and their expression by tumours may be of clinical interest to used as indicators of tumour aggressiveness.     

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancer

Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) are implicated in cancer development and progression and are associated with prognosis.Single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of MMPs,most frequently located in the promoter region of the genes,have been shown to influence cancer susceptibility and/or progression.SNPs of MMP-1,-2,-3,-7,-8,-9,-12,-13 and-21 and of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMPs) TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 have been studied in digestive tract tumors.The contribution of these polymorphisms to the cancer risk and prognosis of gastrointestinal tumors are reviewed in this paper.     

肺癌MMPs和TIMPs的表达及浸润转移的研究

目的 研究肺癌组织中基质金属蛋白晦(MMPs)及其抑制剂(TIMPs)任肺癌组织中的表达情况，以探讨MMPs及TIMPs在肺癌浸润和转移中的作用。方法用SP免疫组化技术检测MMP1、MMP2、MMP-9、MMP-13、TIMP-1、TIMP-2在104例肺癌组织中的表达。结果肺癌组织中MMPs、TIMPs的阳性表达率均显著高于正常肺组织。MMP-2与肺癌分级有密切关系，MMP9与淋巴结转移有密切关系，TIMP与肺癌分期和淋巴结转移有密切关系。肺癌组织中MMP-2与其抑制剂TIMP-2的表达呈正相关，MMP-9与TIMP-2的表达呈正相关。结论MMPs和TIMPs在肺癌发展过程中具有重要作用，尤其是MMP-9和TIMP-1在肺癌的浸润转移过程中具有促进作用。     

Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors direct cell fate during cancer development

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were initially recognised for their extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading capability during tissue remodelling. Their importance was further highlighted by their role in metastasis. Clinical trials have since evaluated the potential of MMP inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics, but without success. These initial studies point to the complex, multifunctional capacity of MMPs in cancer as shown by their function, not only as strident mediators of advanced malignancies, but also as effectors of early stage tumorigenesis. Research now shows that MMPs, and their tissue inhibitors, affect tumour initiation and growth through loss of cell adhesion, evasion of apoptosis, and deregulation of cell division. The extracellular nature of the metalloproteinase axis situates it as a master regulator of cell fate.     

Profiling of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases proteins in bladder urothelial carcinoma

We investigated the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) proteins in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines and surgical specimens of the bladder neoplasm. The expression level was correlated to the degree of cellular differentiation and invasiveness of bladder cancer. Panels of six TCC cell lines with different degrees of differentiation were tested with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9a, MMP-9b, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by immunocytochemistry. Gelatin zymography was also conducted on the cell lines for MMP-2 and -9. In addition, immunohistochemistry with the mAbs to MMP and TIM molecules was performed on 30 TCC specimens. We found that TCC cell lines were stained positively for MMP-1 (6/6), weakly for MMP-9a (2/6), MMP9b (5/6) and TIMP-1 (3/6), and negatively for MMP-2 (3/6) and MMP-3 (3/6). Zymographic analysis of the cell lines showed a high level of MMP2 in the MGH-U4 cell line. In bladder cancer surgical specimens, all specimens were positive for MMP1 (30/30), 19 were positive for MMP-2 (63.3%), 21 positive for MMP-9a (70%) and 15 positive for MMP-9b (50%). The expression of MMP-2 was found to be positively correlated with higher-grade tumors (p=0.036) and the expression of MMP-9a and -9b was found to be positively correlated with tumor stage (p=0.012 and 0.023, respectively). However, the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was not correlated with either tumor staging or grading. In conclusion, the expression of MMP-2 and -9 was correlated with high-grade or high-stage bladder tumors, respectively. However, this correlation was not observed with TCC cell lines in which high- and low-grade tumors are included. Immunohistochemical results on tumor lesions may have more clinical relevance, since in a given tumor microenvironment the interaction among tumor cells in situ and tumor-associated cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and endothelial cells, as well as environmental factors (hypoxia and pH), cytokines and growth factors released by these cells may be required for TCC to express selective MMPs and TIMPs. The selective expression of these molecules then regulates tumor progression.