甲亢患者肺阻抗血流图及二维彩色环的临床研究

目的探讨肺阻抗图及二维彩色环反映甲亢右心血流动力学状态的价值.方法采用肺阻抗法检测60例甲亢及80例对照组的血流动力学指标,并与FT3、FT4、TSH测定值做相关对比.结果甲亢肺阻抗图中各参数:肺血流灌注波幅(Hs)、快速射血速率(Cdz/dtmax)、快速射血指数[C/(B-C)]、心率(HR)、Ⅰ环和总环均增大,射血期(B-Y)和快速射血期(B-C)均缩短,与健康组对比差异有显著性意义(p<0.01),且HR和(B-C)与FT3存在一定的相关性.结论肺阻抗图各指标参数,特别是HR、(B-C),可客观敏感无创地综合反映甲亢对右心血流动力学状态的影响.     

甲亢患者肺阻抗血流图及二维彩色环的临床研究

目的探讨肺阻抗图及二维彩色环反映甲亢右心血流动力学状态的价值.方法采用肺阻抗法检测60例甲亢及80例对照组的血流动力学指标,并与FT3、FT4、TSH测定值做相关对比.结果甲亢肺阻抗图中各参数肺血流灌注波幅(Hs)、快速射血速率(Cdz/dtmax)、快速射血指数[C/(B-C)]、心率(HR)、Ⅰ环和总环均增大,射血期(B-Y)和快速射血期(B-C)均缩短,与健康组对比差异有显著性意义(p<0.01),且HR和(B-C)与FT3存在一定的相关性.结论肺阻抗图各指标参数,特别是HR、(B-C),可客观敏感无创地综合反映甲亢对右心血流动力学状态的影响.     

60例甲亢心阻抗血流图及二维彩色环的临床分析

目的应用心阻抗图及二维彩色环寻找能反映甲亢影响左心血流动力学状态客观的综合指标及参数.方法对确诊为甲亢160例对照组80例描记心阻抗图并测定FT3、FT4、TSH两者对比分析.结果与对照组相比甲亢组快速射血速率(Cdz/dtmax)、心输出量(CO)、心率(HR)、Ⅰ环和总环均增大,射血前期(Q-B)和射血期(B-X)均缩短(p<0.01),并且CO、HR、(Q-B)、(B-X)与FT3、FT4存在一定的相关性.结论采用心阻抗图指标,特别是CO、HR,可以客观无创地综合反映甲亢对左心血流动力学状态的影响.     

60例甲亢心阻抗血流图及二维彩色环的临床分析

目的　应用心阻抗图及二维彩色环寻找能反映甲亢影响左心血流动力学状态客观的综合指标及参数 .方法　对确诊为甲亢 160例对照组 80例描记心阻抗图并测定FT3 、FT4、TSH两者对比分析 .结果　与对照组相比甲亢组快速射血速率 (Cdz/dtmax)、心输出量 (CO)、心率 (HR)、Ⅰ环和总环均增大 ,射血前期 (Q -B)和射血期 (B -X)均缩短(p <0 .0 1) ,并且CO、HR、(Q -B)、(B -X)与FT3 、FT4 存在一定的相关性 .结论　采用心阻抗图指标 ,特别是CO、HR ,可以客观无创地综合反映甲亢对左心血流动力学状态的影响     

心阻抗微分环及其临床意义

在心血流图原理的基础上，将阻抗血流图及其微分图同时输入到示波器X及Y轴上，获得了阻抗微分环（IDL），经临床与动物实验证实，各种影响心脏舒缩功能的诸因素均对IDL有明显的影响。IDL克服了单一指标的局限性，对判断心脏舒缩功能及病理改变提供了一些有意义的指标，对具有较好的灵敏性，是一种新的无创伤心功能检查方法。     

23例心肺复苏患儿的脑电图分析

目的：探讨脑电图（EEG）检查在心肺复苏后病人的预后及诊断中的应用价值。方法：对23例心肺复苏后的患儿进行EEG监测并作出评价。结果：4例EEG分级为Ⅰ级的患儿3例临床痊愈，1例不完全恢复；10例EEG分级为Ⅱ级的患儿7例痊愈，2例不完全恢复、1例死亡；3例EEG分级Ⅲ级的患儿2例痊愈、1例死亡；1例EEG分级为Ⅳ级的患儿和5例EEG分级为Ⅴ级的患儿均死亡。结论：早期运用EEG对心肺复苏后患儿进行监测以了解其脑功能状况，可为脑复苏的治疗和预后评估提供重要依据，也为临床脑死亡的判定提供了客观的参考指标。     

心导纳图快速射血指数-60例分析

快速射血指数(REI)作为反映心室射血的指标,是一个值得重视的心功能多数,已引起国内外有关专家的重视.过去一直采用心阻抗法测定.吕氏等通过动物实验证实,心阻抗图法测定 REI受Z_0影响大;而心导纳图法受Z_0影响小.且更合理,本文用心导纳图法对疾病组与健康组REI对照研究,并探讨其临床意义.1 对象及方法1.1 对象 60例受检者,分两组;疾病组30例,年龄38～72岁,平均53岁;其中冠心病18例,高血压病6例,风心病2例,肺心病4例,健康对照组30例,年龄38～63岁,平均50.5岁.均经询问病史,体检.肺部X线,心电图检查除外其它心肺疾患.1.2 仪器、方法及指标 XJS—ⅡB型心脏功能自动检测仪及软件,同步记录心电、心音、导纳及其微分图.测量采用环形四电极法.取仰卧位;图形和数据由打印机自动打印.REI为心导纳微分图上导纳对时间的一阶导数最大值与快速射血时间的比值即dy/dtmax/TBY,单位S/sec.2 结果与分析     

脉络宁及光量子血疗治疗脉管炎的研究

应用脉络宁并用光量子血疗及单用脉络宁治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎（TAO）68例，并进行甲襞微循环、血液流变学及肢体阻抗血流图的检测。结果显示：治疗后两组的管襻数、输出入枝、血流速度、全血粘度、血浆粘度、全血还原粘度、血小板聚集率、患肢血管弹性及供血情况改善均非常显著（P＜0．05～0．01）。治疗后两组之间比较，表明全血粘度、血流速度、波幅及每搏流入容积均有显著差异（P＜0．05），提示脉络宁并用光量子血疗的效果优于单纯脉络宁组。     

儿童脑型肾上腺脑白质营养不良(8例临床及文献复习)

儿童脑型肾上腺脑白质营养不良（adrenoleukodystrophy，ALD）临床报道较少，我们诊断8例，现就其临床特点及文献复习如下。临床资料一、一般资料：8例病人，均为男性，发病年龄3－10岁，平均年龄7岁，有家族史1例。二、临床特点：8例病人均有进行性视力障碍，表现为视力下降或视野异常，2例眼底检查视神经乳头稍为苍白。智力倒退8例，1例伴有精神异常，1例出现癫痛。运动障碍早期表现为行走不稳或肢体无方并随着病程延长逐渐加重，3例皮肤色素沉着。2例出现肾上腺皮质功能减退症状。三、影像医学特点：1．CT检查：所有病人均行CT检查，…     

12例心肺复苏后患者的脑电图及临床分析

目的：探讨脑电图（EEG）检测对心肺复苏后患者的应用价值。方法：对12例心肺复苏后患者的FEG检查和临床资料进行分析。结果：在首次检查为广泛高度异常的8例中（其中3例为平坦活动或几乎平坦活动），6例死亡1例不完全恢复，1例痊愈；在4例高度异常者中，2例呈去大脑皮层强直综合征，2例不完全恢复，结论：早期运用EEG监测心肺复苏病人的方法可以评估病人的脑功能状况，为脑复苏预后治疗提供重要依据。     

Application of alternative anthropometric measurements to predict metabolic syndrome

OBJECTIVE:

The association between rarely used anthropometric measurements (e.g., mid-upper arm, forearm, and calf circumference) and metabolic syndrome has not been proven. The aim of this study was to assess whether mid-upper arm, forearm, calf, and waist circumferences, as well as waist/height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio, were associated with metabolic syndrome.

METHODS:

We enrolled 387 subjects (340 women, 47 men) who were admitted to the obesity outpatient department of Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital between September 2010 and December 2010. The following measurements were recorded: waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, mid-upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, calf circumference, and body composition. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure plasma glucose, lipids, uric acid, insulin, and HbA1c.

RESULTS:

The odds ratios for visceral fat (measured via bioelectric impedance), hip circumference, forearm circumference, and waist circumference/hip circumference were 2.19 (95% CI, 1.30-3.71), 1.89 (95% CI, 1.07-3.35), 2.47 (95% CI, 1.24-4.95), and 2.11(95% CI, 1.26-3.53), respectively. The bioelectric impedance-measured body fat percentage correlated with waist circumference only in subjects without metabolic syndrome; the body fat percentage was negatively correlated with waist circumference/hip circumference in the metabolic syndrome group. All measurements except for forearm circumference were equally well correlated with the bioelectric impedance-measured body fat percentages in both groups. Hip circumference was moderately correlated with bioelectric impedance-measured visceral fat in subjects without metabolic syndrome. Muscle mass (measured via bioelectric impedance) was weakly correlated with waist and forearm circumference in subjects with metabolic syndrome and with calf circumference in subjects without metabolic syndrome.

CONCLUSION:

Waist circumference was not linked to metabolic syndrome in obese and overweight subjects; however, forearm circumference, an unconventional but simple and appropriate anthropometric index, was associated with metabolic syndrome and bioelectric impedance-measured visceral fat, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio.     

Technical Note A design study of a bioelectric amplifier and improvement of its parameters

A design study of a bioelectric amplifier that has better parameters than conventional designs is presented. The design allows the construction of bioelectric amplifiers with improved parameters in terms of noise, common mode rejection ratio, and input impedance. The voltage gain and bandwidth are easily adapted to a wide range of biomedical applications. The experimental results of the designed bioelectric amplifier are also included.     

Is there a role for leukocyte and CRP measurements in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the elderly?

Objectives: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still difficult and the results are unsatisfactory in three particular patient groups: in children, in fertile-age women and in elderly patients. As our population ages, the challenge for expedient diagnosis and intervention in older age groups will become more and more significant. The present study aimed at clarifying the role of leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the elderly. In particular, are there patients with acute appendicitis but unelevated leukocyte count and CRP? Methods: Eighty-three consecutive elderly patients underwent appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis. The mean leukocyte count and CRP value were calculated in patients with an uninflamed appendix (group A) and in those with acute appendicitis (group B). The percentages of patients with: (1) both values unelevated; (2) only leukocyte count elevated; (3) only CRP value elevated; (4) both values elevated were calculated within the groups A and B. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in leukocyte counts or CRP values between patients with an uninflamed appendix (group A) and those with acute appendicitis (group B). When the patients were divided into the four subgroups, the most conspicuous finding was that group B (acute appendicitis, n=73) contained no patients with both values unelevated. Conclusions: Although elevated leukocyte count and CRP value cannot effectively establish the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the elderly, unelevated values exclude it. Accordingly, appendectomy is not recommended to be performed in an elderly patient with unelevated leukocyte count and CRP value, although clinical symptoms and signs indicate acute appendicitis.     

Technical note. A design study of a bioelectric amplifier and improvement of its parameters

A design study of a bioelectric amplifier that has better parameters than conventional designs is presented. The design allows the construction of bioelectric amplifiers with improved parameters in terms of noise, common mode rejection ratio, and input impedance. The voltage gain and bandwidth are easily adapted to a wide range of biomedical applications. The experimental results of the designed bioelectric amplifier are also included.     

Clinical and genetic study of Japanese patients with type 3 Gaucher disease

Information on the phenotypic variations seen in patients with type 3 (chronic neuronopathic) Gaucher disease (GD) is still limited compared with type 1 GD. We retrospectively investigated the clinical features of 42 Japanese patients with type 3 GD. The 42 patients classified as type 3 fell into two groups: those diagnosed as having type 3 GD at diagnosis (group A; n = 24) and those thought to have type 1 at diagnosis but who later developed neurological symptoms (group B; n = 18). The genotype of group A patients varied widely; however, L444P/L444P and L444P/F213I genotypes accounted for 83% in group B. All the patients who did not receive enzyme replacement with alglucerase or imiglucerase (4 in group A, 2 in group B) died. Nineteen patients received enzyme replacement in group A; however, 7 of these died despite the therapy. On the other hand, 14 patients received enzyme replacement alone in group B and 13 of them survived. Among the ERT-treated patients who survived, only one of 12 in group A and 12 out of 13 in group B can walk unaided. In conclusion, some Japanese GD patients who are thought to have type 1 at diagnosis develop neurological symptoms during their clinical course, and careful observation is essential for patients with characteristic genotypes. Moreover, enzyme replacement alone might not have a sufficient effect on the early onset neurological symptoms in type 3 patients. A different treatment strategy is needed to improve the prognosis of these patients.     

Usual dietary isoflavone intake and body composition in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies suggest an association between isoflavone supplementation and improved body composition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between isoflavone consumption from a typical Western diet and measures of total body fat, body fat distribution and lean body mass. DESIGN: This study examined 208 healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 74 years. At screening, demographic and behavioral characteristics and medical history were obtained. One month later, dietary intake for the past year was assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and bioelectric impedance was used to measure total body fat (lb) and lean body mass (lb). Isoflavone consumption did not vary by age, smoking, exercise, or daily alcohol intake. RESULTS: A significant inverse relation was shown between genistein consumption and weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and total body fat mass by bioelectric impedance analysis (P < 0.05). These findings remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. No association was seen, however, between genistein, daidzein, or total isoflavone intake and body fat distribution or lean body mass. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that usual dietary isoflavone intake is associated with reduced total body fat and may consequently have a role in the prevention of chronic disease.     

Improved diagnosis of reactivated toxoplasmosis.

AIMS: To identify antigens detected by western blotting in primary Toxoplasma gondii infection and determine their role in diagnosis of reactivated toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Twenty three immunocompromised patients were tested by IgG western blotting. Patients were grouped retrospectively. Group 1 comprised 15 human immunodeficiency (HIV)/AIDS patients and included: group 1A (six patients with clinical and/or serological evidence of reactivation), group 1B (five patients with clinical evidence only), and group 1C (four asymptomatic patients). Group 2 comprised eight non-HIV/AIDS immunocompromised patients with clinical and/or serological evidence of reactivation. Immunocompetent patients (n = 23) with primary toxoplasmosis were a control group used to determine the progression of the antigens detected. RESULTS: In primary toxoplasmosis, antibodies against 6, 20, 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, and 36 kDa antigens predominated. Detection of four or more of the 6, 20, 22, 23, 25, and 36 kDa antigens was considered to be western blot positive. In two group 1A patients, western blotting indicated past infection. During reactivation, this reverted to being western blot positive. Three other group 1A patients were western blot positive. In three of five group 1B patients, western blot positive results improved serological diagnosis of reactivated toxoplasmosis (p < 0.05). In two of five group 1B patients and all four group 1C patients, western blot indicated past infection. In group 2, two of eight patients reverted from a pattern of past infection to western blot positive. Five other patients from group 2 were western blot positive. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of some low molecular weight antigens is diagnostic of reactivated toxoplasmosis. These antigens can be detected even with normal dye test titres and their detection improves the diagnosis of reactivated toxoplasmosis. They might be the result of the release of bradyzoites from ruptured tissue cysts.     

Non-polarisable dry electrode based on NASICON ceramic

A NASICON-type ceramic (high sodium ion conductor) is proposed to record bioelectric signals. The electrode does not need gel before its application. The principle of the measurements is based on a sodium ion exchange between the skin and the material. Electrical measurements performed in saline solutions show that the electrode is slightly polarisable. The skin-electrode impedance was investigated. The impedance decreases as a function of the time of application. The resistive component is the major source of the impedance change. This can be explained by the perspiration process which occurs immediately with time after the application of the NASICON-based electrode on the skin. The skin condition is also an important parameter. NaCl saline solution or abrasion causes the resistance to decrease markedly.     

Prognostic role of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy in assisted reproductive technology outcome

BACKGROUND: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for aneuploidy is recommended to couples at risk of generating chromosomally abnormal embryos. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that PGD for aneuploidy has an important role in the prognosis of subsequent treatments. METHODS: A total of 389 couples underwent their first PGD for aneuploidy due to either female age >or=38 years (n = 266) or >or=3 previous unsuccessful cycles (n = 123). After the first PGD followed by an unsuccessful treatment cycle, 141 couples underwent 175 subsequent PGD cycles. These patients were divided into three groups depending on the number of euploid embryos available for transfer in their first PGD cycle: group A included patients where no euploid embryos were diagnosed; group B included patients who had only one euploid embryo; and group C included patients with at least two normal embryos resulting from chromosomal analysis. RESULTS: In subsequent cycles, group A patients underwent significantly fewer transfers (45%) compared with group B (69%, P < 0.05) and group C patients (85%, P < 0.001). The pregnancy rate per transfer was significantly decreased in group A (15%) compared with group B (36%; P < 0.02) and group C (30%; P < 0.03). Accordingly, the live birth rate per patient was significantly lower in group A compared with group C (8.5% versus 30%; P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the first PGD for aneuploidy may have a predictive role for subsequent attempts.     

Finite element analysis of bioelectric phenomena

This article reviews the application of finite element methods to models of bioelectric phenomena. The models represent the electrical fields created in the body as a result of membrane current sources or external current applied for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. We formulate the governing equations for these models and then derive the finite element equations for the generalized bioelectric problem. The 32 papers reviewed here, all those appearing in the literature to date, cover the areas of electrocardiology, therapeutic and functional electrical stimulation in the cerebellum, cochlea, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, cardiac defibrillation, electrical impedance tomography, bidomain cardiac models, electroporation, and therapeutic electrical stimulation of bone. For each, we summarize the purpose of the study, the model details and assumptions, the major results, and the applicability of the study. The models are then considered as a group to critique the appropriateness of the finite element method, the means of implementation, and the factors affecting accuracy, thus providing an overview of the state of finite element modeling of bioelectric phenomena.