浅析骨质疏松症的影响因素

骨质疏松涉及的学科领域比较广泛,从骨代谢的角度,是属于内分泌代谢疾病的研究范畴;从绝经后妇女易患骨质疏松的角度而言,则属于妇科范畴;从老年人是高危人群的角度而言,又属于老年病医学的范畴;从骨质疏松的最严重结果骨折的角度来讲,可以属于骨科学研究的范畴;从蛋白摄入多少及维生素D等是否缺乏与骨质疏松的关系而言,又可以属于营养学研究的范畴;诊断骨质疏松效果最佳的方法为骨密度的测定,则属于放射医学研究的范畴;规律的负重运动可减少和延缓骨质疏松的发生,这与运动医学研究密切相关;另外,骨质疏松还与遗传学、生物力学、生物化学和分子生物学等有关.因此,在防治过程中需要多学科交叉进行.     

骨质疏松症的药物治疗

1骨吸收抑制药 1．1治疗机制主要是通过抑制破骨细胞形成或抑制其活性,从而抑制骨的吸收来减缓骨钙的丢失。但由于骨质疏松症患者通常都会存在钙吸收不足,若单独应用此类药物,则可能造成低钙血症,因而通常要求与钙及维生素D制剂,     

原发性骨质疏松症研究进展

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,简称OP)是以单位体积内骨量减少、骨的微结构退化、骨皮质变薄、骨小梁数目减少、骨髓腔增宽、骨强度减低、易于骨折等为特征的系统性骨病.它是机体自然衰退、老化过程的组成部分,是老年患者致残和致死的一种常见原因,严重影响着老年人群的生存质量.本文讨论了骨质疏松的致病因素、分类、诊断、预防及治疗等方面的研究进展,供临床参考.     

骨质疏松症的MRI研究进展

骨质疏松症发病率高、易引起脆性骨折等并发症,及时诊断和治疗对预后十分重要.近年来越来越多的MRI技术,包括MRI动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)、化学位移成像(CSI)、MRS、DWI、MRI水-脂分离技术(Dixon)、高分辨率MRI(HR-MRI)和DTI等被应用于骨质疏松症的研究.结合国内外文献对骨质疏松症的MRI...     

冻伤防治研究进展

寒冷引起的局部组织或全身损伤称冻伤,为外周环境寒冷性损伤。部队在冬季寒冷气候环境中执行任务,易发生冻伤,影响部队战斗力。在寒冷地区低温下从事的作业、酗酒、户外运动人群,也会发生冻伤。     

辐射损伤防治药物的研究进展

根据辐射损伤防治药物的研究与实际应用情况,笔者将现有的辐射损伤防治药物分为已使用的和极具潜力的辐射防护药物,简述如下.     

围绝经期妇女骨质疏松症的防治研究

骨质疏松症易导致骨痛、骨病及骨折,直接影响中老年人的生活质量,目前已成为公众健康问题。女性发生骨质疏松症的危险性高于男性,虽然骨量丢失大多开始于绝经前,但在围绝经期由于雌激素水平下降,也可造成骨质疏松加速。因此,加强对围绝经期妇女骨质疏松症防治的研究,对于提高其生活质量具有重要意义。     

骨质疏松症诊治及骨折危险阈值研究进展

骨质疏松症(OP)是以骨量减少、骨组织微观结构退化为特征,致使骨脆性增加、易于骨折的一种全身代谢性骨骼疾病。根据病因,可分为原发性、继发性和特发性3种,本综述为原发性OP的诊治。OP是随年龄增长而发生的一种生理性退行性病变,根据病因及病     

米非司酮等药物流产后子宫出血的防治研究进展

我国90年代初开始使用米非司酮(Ru486)伍用米索前列醇或卡前列酯栓终止早孕,对孕期小于49d者完全流产率可达90%以上〔1〕。但部分病人有流产后出血时间长、出血量多等缺点。对此,近年来许多学者进行了广泛研究,在提高米非司酮等药物流产使用的安全性方面,取得了重要进展。1　药     

硬纤维瘤的治疗进展

硬纤维瘤（desmoid tumor，DT），亦称侵袭性纤维瘤病，是一种罕见的成纤维细胞来源的肿瘤，可发生于全身很多部位，具有很强的局部侵袭性，常呈无痛性生长而致局部组织结构的破坏。目前DT的治疗是一种包括多种治疗方法的综合治疗，其治疗目的是在不丧失功能和美容的前提下达到临床治愈。目前留有足够切缘的外科手术仍是治愈DT并避免复发的一线治疗措施，但放疗和药物治疗等辅助手段的适应症也在不断扩展，其治疗效果也在逐渐提高。     

Exercise, bone mass and bone size in prepubertal boys: one-year data from the pediatric osteoporosis prevention study

This non-randomized prospective controlled study evaluates a daily school-based exercise intervention program of 40 min/school day for 1 year in a population-based cohort of 81 boys aged 7-9 years. Controls were 57 age-matched boys assigned to the general school curriculum of 60 min/week. Bone mineral content (BMC; g) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD; g/cm(2)) were measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the total body, the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and the femoral neck (FN). Bone width for L3 and FN was calculated from the lumbar spine and hip scan. No differences between the groups were found at baseline in age, anthropometrics or bone parameters. The mean annual gain in L3 BMC was 5.9 percentage points higher (P<0.001), L3 aBMD a mean 2.1 percentage points higher (P=0.01) and L3 width a mean 2.3 percentage points higher (P=0.001) in the cases than in the controls. When all individuals were included in one cohort, the total duration of exercise including both school-based and spare-time training correlated with L3 BMC (r=0.26, P=0.003), L3 aBMD (r=0.18, P=0.04) and L3 width (r=0.24, P=0.006). The study suggests that exercise in pre-pubertal boys influences the accrual of bone mineral and bone width and that a 1-year school-based exercise program confers skeletal benefits, at least in the lumbar spine.     

Monitoring treatment for osteoporosis by using bone densitometry

In recent years, the range of treatments available for patients with osteoporosis has greatly increased. A decade ago, the only proven therapy was estrogen, but today the choices include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen-receptor modulators, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone. Clinical trials involving bone mineral density (BMD) scans of the spine and femur have had an important role in the evaluation of these new therapies. In particular, the efficacy of treatments has now been verified in large studies powered to show reductions in fracture risk. In contrast with the use of BMD scans in research studies, their value for monitoring response to treatment in individual patients is less certain. In many cases, the increases in BMD are too small to reliably distinguish between true changes and measurement error. However, experience with estrogen and bisphosphonates suggests that these treatments have a beneficial effect on bone in most patients. Follow-up scans for patients taking these agents are therefore of limited value, apart from offering reassurance to the patient and the doctor. However, when new therapies are first introduced, follow-up scans have a useful role in building up the physician's experience and confidence.     

Cold exposure injuries: prevention and treatment

A variety of cold exposure injuries were discussed, including frostnip, chilblains, trench foot, frostbite, and hypothermia. The usual precipitating factors for each were discussed along with the clinical course, the pathophysiology, and management from the perspective of one being in the field or backcountry. Prevention is the key to all cold-related problems as adequate treatment is often not possible out of the hospital setting. Detailed recommendations were made for all conditions, relative to treatment and prevention, with special emphasis on hypothermia.