螺旋CT增强扫描在诊断胃癌中的价值（附25例分析）

目的：探讨螺旋CT增强扫描对胃癌的诊断价值。方法：例胃癌患者口服800-1200ml水对比剂，肌注654-2注射液10mg，静脉注射80-100ml造影剂作螺旋CT胃客积扫描。结果：25例采用口服水低张静脉增强螺旋CT胃容积扫描见胃腔充盈及扩张度良好，清晰显示肿瘤大小、形态与邻近组织关系，胃癌表现为局限性和广泛性胃壁增厚，肿瘤向腔内、腔外生长形成不规则隆起的软组织肿块。结论：螺旋CT增强扫描可以诊断胃癌和了解胃周围淋巴结肿大和邻近器官有无转移，对手术具有重要的指导意义。     

多层螺旋CT增强扫描及后处理成像在膀胱癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT增强扫描结合后处理成像技术在膀胱癌中的诊断价值。方法 分析经手术病理证实为膀胱癌的患者36例,术前均行螺旋CT增强扫描,将原始容积数据传至工作站,进行多平面重建（MPR）、仿真内镜成像（VE）,观察其CT影像特点,采用双盲对比,与病理结果对照分析。结果 肿瘤位于膀胱三角区24例,右侧壁5例,左侧壁7例。轴位、MPR及CTVE在探测膀胱肿瘤的敏感性分别为97.2%,94.4%,95.7%,增强轴位图像能够提供丰富的膀胱壁内外信息,MPR能够直接显示肿瘤起源和膀胱外侵犯及与输尿管的关系,VE可以显示肿瘤表面形态及和输尿管开口关系。结论 螺旋CT增强扫描轴位图像结合MPR和CTVE成像技术,对膀胱癌具有重要诊断价值。     

螺旋CT扫描及仿真内窥镜技术在胃癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT扫描及CT仿真内窥镜成像技术在胃癌中的临床诊断价值。方法对临床28例经病理证实的胃癌患者行螺旋CT扫描,层厚为5mm,螺距为1,将所得的容积数据传至工作站,应用NavigatorSmooth功能行CT仿真内窥镜(CTVE)成像,其结果与胃镜和/或手术病理结果比较。结果28例中,螺旋CT平扫能客观反映出胃壁病变的部位、形态及大小,病灶与周围组织器官的关系及邻近结构受侵情况。其中大网膜、胰腺及肝脏受侵分别为7例、4例及3例,淋巴结转移3例。CTVE成像能很好地显示出正常胃壁内部结构,病灶的立体形态、大小及范围。28例中26例诊断结果与病理结果对照基本相符。准确率高达92.8%。结论CTVE成像与螺旋CT平扫相结合,对胃癌具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

胃癌的CT诊断及临床价值

目的 :探讨胃癌的 CT诊断征象及在临床诊治中的价值。方法 :收集 30例经胃镜、活检病理证实的胃癌病例 CT扫描 ,其中 2 7例手术。胃对比剂用 1.5 %泛影葡胺或水。 2 1例于检查前 10 min肌注 6 5 4- 2 10～ 2 0 mg。 30例 CT平扫 ,其中 12例经肘静脉团注法注入 6 0 %泛影葡胺 80 ml增强。结果 :胃癌 CT表现为病变区胃壁增厚、软组织块影 ,合并溃疡时表现为增厚胃壁及肿块内的腔内龛影。CT可以同时发现胃癌的邻近侵犯及远处转移。结论 :CT可作为胃癌诊断方法之一 ,并有其独特的优势。胃癌 CT检查现阶段的目的应为疗前评估 ,指导临床制定出合理的治疗方案     

螺旋CT阴茎动脉成像技术和临床应用价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT阴茎动脉成像技术和临床应用价值。方法：对18例血管性阳萎患者行螺旋CT容积扫描，图像经后处理获得阴部动脉立体图像。结果：（1）螺旋CT阴茎动脉成像图像的质量与扫描方法、图像重建方法等密切相关；（2）三维图像可以清晰显示髂内动脉、阴部内动脉、阴茎海绵体动脉的分支、走行；（3）6例动脉性阳萎者，阴茎动脉成像可见病变位于阴部内动脉3例，阴茎海绵体动脉3例。结论：螺旋CT阴茎动脉成像可以多方位观察，从二维及三维立体图像上获得更多诊断信息，可作为选择性动脉造影的筛选方法。     

采用气体对比剂行胃螺旋CT扫描在胃癌诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨采用气体对比剂行胃的螺旋CT检查在胃癌诊断中的应用价值。方法 :对 4 6例胃癌病例行气体对比螺旋CT扫描 ,男 36例 ,女 1 0例 ,平均年龄 5 7岁。 4 6例胃癌均经手术和病理证实 ,其中早期胃癌 7例 ,进展期 39例。CT机为SHIMADZU - 6 80 0TX ,检查前 1 0min肌注 6 5 4 - 2 2 0mg ,口服产气剂 3～ 6g作为对比剂 ,均采用仰卧及俯卧两种体位。结果 :检出病变位于胃窦部 2 3例 (5 0 %) ,胃底贲门部 9例 (1 9.5 %) ,体部 6例 (占 1 3.0 %) ,弥漫型 8例 (1 7.5 %) ,病变检出率为 1 0 0 %。CT表现为局限性胃壁增厚 5例 ,广泛性胃壁增厚 (病变最大径 >4cm) 4 1例 ;软组织肿块 1 9例 ;病变向周围直接侵犯 2 6例 ;局部和远处淋巴结转移 1 9例 ;远处转移 2 1例 ;本组CT定性诊断准确率为 96 %。结论 :CT密度分辨率高 ,可清晰显示胃壁及腔内、外病变 ,并直观反映胃癌大体形态及肿瘤的范围。采用气体对比剂的胃单层螺旋CT扫描同样在胃癌的定位、定性和定量诊断中具有重要的作用 ,尤其对中小医院值得推广。     

多层螺旋CT对胃癌及肿瘤血供的应用价值分析

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）增强扫描及血管造影在胃癌诊断及肿瘤血供中的应用价值。方法收集近2年在我院经手术病理证实为胃癌38例患者的64层螺旋CT双期增强扫描及血管造影图像,分析胃癌的CT征象及CT血管造影对胃癌供血的显示,与术中所见及术后病理进行对照。结果64层螺旋CT双期增强扫描诊断胃癌,显示胃壁厚度、胃壁外软组织肿块及胃壁溃疡大小与术后证实差异无统计学意义;病理诊断为低分化腺癌的胃壁厚度、胃壁外软组织肿块及胃壁溃疡大小、区域淋巴结转移率与中分化腺癌的差异有统计学意义。血管造影腹腔干、肝固有动脉,胃左动脉、胃右动脉及胃网膜右动脉在容积再现（VR）上能够很清晰地显示;最大密度投影（MIP）显示细小血管较好,但是它在表现三维空间关系上不如VR。结论 MSCT双期增强扫描对胃癌有较高的诊断价值,血管造影在肿瘤血供显示有较高价值。     

输尿管膀胱CT三维仿真成像技术探讨及临床应用

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维仿真内镜成像在输尿管膀胱疾病中的临床应用价值及有关成像技术。方法：经静脉或经膀胱镜逆行注入碘水造影剂（60％泛影葡胺或欧乃派克）充盈泌尿道，获取螺旋CT薄层扫描原始图像，重建后将图像源容积数据传输至同机工作站（GE Advantage Windows3.1）。应用机内软件系统进行图像后期处理，获取输尿管膀胱的多种三维立体及仿真内镜图像。结果：膀胱肿瘤5例，前列腺增生8例（其中1例合并前列腺癌），输尿管狭窄4例，神经原性膀胱合并输尿管扩张1例。三维成像及仿真内镜可清晰显示膀胱肿瘤的形态、大小及集团，特别是与输尿管口及尿道内口的解剖关系；清晰显示膀胱小梁、膀胱憩室；显示输尿管的腔内情况及其三维立体形态。尿道内口显示率100％，输尿管口的显示率79％。结论：输尿管膀胱CT三维仿真内镜成像技术可清晰显示泌尿道腔内及外表多种病理形态改变，与普通横断面CT相比能提供更多的诊断信息，在帮助临床制定治疗方案、判断预后方面亦有较高价值。     

胃癌螺旋CT影像学表现与临床分期关系的研究

目的:探讨胃癌患者CT影像学表现与胃癌临床分期关系的研究,做好胃癌患者术前分期评估,以利治疗。方法:采用西门子6层螺旋CT,对45例经病理证实为胃癌患者,术前行低张力水充盈螺旋CT三期增强扫描,将CT三维图像上肿瘤最大直径与厚度、强化方程度、肿瘤瘤周低密度区厚度,与术中大体病理及术后病理进行对照。结果:成像后病灶厚度、强化程度及瘤周低密度区厚度与胃癌临床分期密切相关(P<0.05)。结论:增强螺旋CT对胃癌检查,可以为明确胃癌术前分期、选择术式及评估预后作出选择。     

螺旋CT诊断原发性输尿管癌的价值

目的:探讨原发性输尿管癌螺旋CT扫描及三维重建的影像特点和诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实原发性输尿管癌的螺旋CT影像表现,分析其特点.14例患者中13例行增强扫描,1例为逆行性尿路造影后CT平扫,14例均行MPR/CPR重建,4例同时行MIP重建及VE检查.结果:CT增强轴位扫描及MPR/CPR重建能够清晰地显示肿瘤的大小、形态、范围及其与周围组织的关系;MIP重建能很好地显示肿瘤引起的输尿管管腔不规则狭窄或截断改变;VE检查则能够从管腔内观察肿瘤的形态.结论:螺旋CT容积扫描及三维重建能够多平面、多方位、立体地显示病变,使病变定位、定性诊断更加准确,为临床手术治疗提供帮助.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.