Color Doppler sonohysterography of endometrial polyps and submucosal fibroids.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the typical sonographic findings and clinical applications of color Doppler sono-hysterography and to correlate the vascularity of lesions seen on color Doppler sonohysterography to microvessel density and the presence of vessels greater than 0.5 mm. METHODS: Color Doppler sonohysterography was performed on 25 women with abnormal uterine bleeding. The vascularity (number of vessels > 0.5 mm) and their configuration seen on color Doppler sonohysterography were compared with those obtained on the excised specimen. Microvessel density and histologic features were correlated to the visualization of vessels greater than 0.5 mm and their arrangement on color Doppler sonography. RESULTS: The color Doppler sonographic findings in 18 polyps, 3 submucosal fibroids, and 1 clot showed distinct vascularity patterns. Polyps typically contained a single feeding vessel, whereas fibroids had several vessels, which arose from the inner myometrium. Lesions with higher microvessel density tended to have more vessels greater than 0.5 mm as depicted on color Doppler sonography. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler sonohysterography may be useful in distinguishing polyps from submucosal fibroids based on the vascularity of the lesions. The number of vessels seen on color Doppler sonography approximates microvessel density within the lesions.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜息肉

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声技术(TVCDS)对子宫内膜息肉的诊断价值。方法对36例患者进行术前经腹超声和TVCDS检查,并与术后病理结果对比分析。结果36例术前TVCDS与术后对照,超声诊断符合率93%,超声特点:子宫内膜息肉正常宫腔回声消失变形,宫腔内异常回声团,与子宫内膜有清晰分界线,呈舌形或类圆形,其内有粗大动脉血管穿入,频谱为动脉血流。结论TVCDS能清晰的反映子宫内膜息肉的超声特征,在同子宫内膜癌的鉴别上有较好的可比性。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断围绝经期妇女子宫内膜病变的价值

目的探讨阴道彩色多普勒超声对围绝经期妇女子宫内膜病变的预测价值.方法对164例绝经前不规则阴道出血的患者行阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,重点观察内膜厚度及内膜血流,与当日或次日诊刮的内膜组织病理诊断对照.结果子宫内膜厚度在生理改变,良性病变,癌及癌前病变三组比较,具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01).以内膜厚度12 mm为预测绝经前妇女子宫内膜病变的临界值,其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.2%、65.5%、83.6%、86.4%.生理改变组58例(58/164)内膜区未检测到血流信号,良性病变组2例(2/98),癌前病变组中有癌3例(3/8).结论阴道彩超可把内膜厚度12 mm做为围绝经期子宫内膜病变的临界值,但内膜形态、内部回声、边缘及内膜内血流对预测病变亦有诊断意义.     

Color Doppler sonography of endometrial masses.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the color Doppler sonographic features of endometrial masses with histologic characteristics and microvessel density. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 10 postmenopausal and 5 premenopausal women with abnormal bleeding who had color Doppler sonography and histologic studies of endometrial masses. RESULTS: Endometrial masses that contained multiple branches on color Doppler sonography were more likely carcinomas, even though both polyps and carcinomas were vascular on color Doppler sonography and their microvessel densities were similar. On color Doppler sonography, polyps averaged 1.2 detectable vessels versus 3.4 for carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler sonography may be useful in distinguishing carcinomas from polyps in women with thickened endometria.     

输卵管炎性疾病超声诊断方法学研究

目的探讨输卵管炎性疾病的超声诊断方法。方法回顾性分析本院228例输卵管炎性疾病的超声诊断结果,总结输卵管结构超声显示的方法以及不同阶段输卵管炎性疾病的声像图特征,并对经腹部超声(TAS)与经阴道超声(TVS)检查结果进行对比研究。结果急性单纯性输卵管炎、急性输卵管炎伴输卵管积脓、输卵管积液分别为42例、45例、131例,TVS诊断符合率分别为100%、93.8%、98.4%,TAS诊断符合率分别为23.1%、73.4%、93.1%,诊断符合率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TVS能清晰显示急性输卵管炎输卵管壁水肿、增厚、管腔轻微扩张等细微变化及丰富血供。TVS、TAS均能良好显示输卵管积液、输卵管积脓内部特征性结构,具有重要临床应用价值,但TVS优于TAS。     

Polypoid adenomyomas: sonohysterographic and color Doppler findings with histopathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to describe the sonographic features of polypoid adenomyomas of the uterus and to determine the diagnostic role of sonohysterography and color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of these lesions. METHODS: The sonographic findings for 46 histologically proved cases of polypoid adenomyomas of the uterus, accumulated over 10 years, were reviewed retrospectively. The pathologic diagnoses included typical polypoid adenomyoma (n = 36), atypical polypoid adenomyoma (n = 7), and low-grade adenosarcoma arising in polypoid adenomyoma (n = 3). RESULTS: Of 46 total uterine tumors, 31 were in the corpus, 12 were in the fundus, and 3 were in the isthmus. The mean tumor size was 3.5 cm (range, 0.5-9 cm). The tumors were polypoid in 30 cases, pedunculated in 11 cases, and sessile in the remaining 5 cases. Of the pedunculated tumors, 5 protruded into the endocervical canal and 2 had prolapsed into the vagina. Three distinct sonographic patterns were identified with respect to the presence of cystic areas: a solid mass (pattern 1) in 12 cases, a solid mass with cystic areas (pattern 2) in 32 cases, and a predominantly cystic mass (pattern 3) in 2 cases. The characteristic sonographic features of polypoid adenomyomas included heterogeneous or homogeneous isoechogenicity relative to the myometrium, a smooth surface, a poorly defined margin with the underlying myometrium, hemorrhagic foci, posterior shadowing, a single vascular pedicle entering the mass, and associated adenomyosis in the myometrium. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the sonographic appearance of polypoid adenomyomas may facilitate diagnosis and may help distinguish these tumors from other polypoid uterine tumors.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声在子宫内膜癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声对子宫内膜癌的诊断价值。方法：采用TVCDS检查子宫内膜癌15例，观察内膜血流情况及用PD(频谱多普勒)检测病变区血流速度，测得RI值。结果：子宫内膜内彩色血流信号异常丰富，呈现低阻力血流，RI=0．35 0．05。结论：经阴道彩色多普勒超声具有高分辨特征，并能提供高敏感性的血流信息，对子宫内膜癌诊断有重要价值。     

Transperineal versus transvaginal color Doppler imaging of the uterine circulation

Transperineal sonography has been described as being useful in assessing patients in special clinical situations such as posterior placenta previa, preterm labor, stress incontinence, and vaginal atresia. We explored the feasibility of this approach in assessing the uterine circulation in 54 subjects, of whom 36 were postmenopausal. We found that visualization of the uterine artery by the transperineal approach was satisfactory in most patients. The uterine arterial Doppler indices obtained from this approach were compared with those obtained by the transvaginal route. Highly significant correlations were found (correlation coefficient r for pulsatility index = 0.74, p < 0.0001). No significant differences in results between the two approaches were detected using the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank test. We conclude that transperineal Doppler studies of the uterine circulation are possible and may be useful in certain patient groups. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 25:293–299, 1997     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声加宫腔造影对子宫内膜息肉的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的对子宫内膜病变的声像图和血流特征进行分析，旨在探索经阴道彩色多普勒超声（transvaginal color Doppler，TVCD）加做官腔造影对子宫内膜息肉的诊断价值。方法采用经阴道彩色多普勒加宫腔造影，分别对19例子宫内膜息肉和32例子宫内膜其他病变之声像图、彩色血流及频谱表现进行对比，全部病例经官腔镜及手术后的病理证实。结果经阴道彩色多普勒超声检诊子宫内膜息肉，能清晰显示内膜与黏膜下肌层之界限和息肉的病变边界，还可显示息肉蒂基底的彩色血流或黏膜下肌瘤周边彩色血流环，适时加做宫腔造影则更益于对细小病变的诊断。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声加做宫腔造影可大大提高对子宫内膜息肉与子宫内膜其他病变的鉴别诊断价值。     

Transvaginal gray scale and color Doppler sonography in primary ovarian cancer and metastatic tumors to the ovary.

OBJECTIVE: To compare gray scale and color Doppler features of primary and metastatic ovarian carcinomas. METHODS: Clinical, sonographic (gray scale and color Doppler), and histopathologic data of 143 patients with primary (n = 127 adnexal masses) and metastatic (n = 34 adnexal masses) ovarian cancer were reviewed. Morphologic gray scale parameters assessed were bilaterality, tumor volume, echogenicity, and presence of septa, papillary projections, or solid areas. Color Doppler parameters were presence of blood flow, tumor blood flow location (central versus peripheral), subjective impression of blood flow amount (scanty, moderate, or abundant), lowest resistive index, lowest pulsatility index, and maximal peak systolic velocity (centimeters per second). RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in bilaterality, tumor volume, presence of septa, papillary projections or solid areas, presence of blood flow, tumor blood flow location, subjective impression of blood flow amount, lowest resistive index, lowest pulsatility index, and maximal peak systolic velocity. Metastatic carcinomas were more frequently purely solid tumors (47% versus 26%; P = .001; likelihood ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.7). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a purely solid tumor indicates a higher probability of metastatic carcinoma than primary ovarian cancer. However, with the use of gray scale and color Doppler sonography, it is difficult to differentiate primary ovarian carcinomas from metastatic tumors to the ovary.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜病变

目的 探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TV-CDU)诊断子宫内膜病变的价值.方法 对经诊断性刮宫术后病理证实的54例子宫内膜病变患者的TV-CDU声像图进行回顾性分析,并与病理结果对照.结果 54例患者子宫内膜诊断性刮宫术后病理分类包括子宫内膜癌4例、子宫内膜息肉8例、子宫内膜炎5例、单纯性子宫内膜增生过长37例,超声声像图表现以内膜增厚为主,多伴内膜回声增强、不均或宫腔内混合回声.以病理结果为标准,TV-CDU诊断子宫内膜疾病的符合率为81.48%.结论 TV-CDU对于子宫内膜病变的鉴别诊断具有较高的价值,超声检查时应注意测量子宫内膜厚度,观察内膜回声特点、内膜形态、内膜与肌层的关系、内膜内血流情况及阻力指数.     

Predicting atypia inside endometrial polyps.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler exploration for assessing atypia inside endometrial polyps. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary university hospital. Eight hundred six patients with endometrial polyps were studied with color Doppler sonography, and the resistive index inside the polyp stalk was obtained. The patients were then referred for hysteroscopic resection, and pathologic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Thirty-five polyps with sonographic indications of atypia were pathologically confirmed. Sonographic indications of atypia inside 16 polyps were not confirmed. Three nonquestionable endometrial polyps had atypia inside them. CONCLUSIONS: Low Doppler resistance is highly predictive of atypia inside endometrial polyps.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声对子宫内膜癌的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查(TVCDS)对子宫内膜癌的诊断价值。方法对手术、病理或保守治疗证实子宫内膜癌的29例患者的TVCDS图像进行回顾分析。结果 TVCDS术前诊断子宫内膜癌24例,准确率为82.8%;弥漫型19例,符合率为78.9%;局限型5例,符合率为60.0%;血流显示20例,显示率83.3%;阻力指数(RI)0.36-0.57;Ia、Ib期与Ic期比较,血流分级及显示率、RI值具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 TVCDS有助于术前诊断子宫内膜癌,为临床选择治疗方案提供了可靠依据。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查对异位妊娠的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查（TVCDS）对异位妊娠的诊断价值。方法对手术、病理或保守治疗证实的72例异位妊娠患者的TVCDS图像进行回顾分析。结果附件区出现厚壁环状回声（Donut征）、低回声、或混合回声包块,其中Donut征和类滋养层血流时间流速曲线,是异位妊娠特有的表现,诊断准确率为95舟％。结论TVCDSS对异位妊娠的诊断尤其对早期诊断有重要价值。     

阴道彩色多普勒超声结合诊断性刮宫对子宫内膜癌的早期诊断价值分析

目的：探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声（T VCDS ）结合诊断性刮宫对早期子宫内膜癌的诊断价值。方法选择2007～2013年经手术后病理证实的早期子宫内膜癌患者50例,所有患者均经阴道彩色多普勒超声和诊断性刮宫检查,（1）分析TVCDS结合诊断性刮宫检查诊断子宫内膜癌的准确性、特异性和敏感性;（2）分析TVCDS对子宫内膜癌分期的准确性;（3）分析TVCDS检查各期子宫内膜癌子宫内膜厚度与彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）差异。结果（1）TVCDS结合诊断性刮宫诊断早期子宫内膜癌的敏感度、特异度、准确性分别为94．00％、95．00％、94．44％;（2）分析TVCDS对子宫内膜癌分期的准确性为94％;（3）TVCDS检查,随肿瘤分期增高子宫内膜平均厚度增厚,血流显示率、阻力指数（RI）增高,比较Ⅲ期子宫内膜厚度、血流显示率、RI指数差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声结合诊断性刮宫对子宫内膜癌的早期诊断具有较高临床应用价值。     

Transvaginal color Doppler sonography for predicting response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of transvaginal color Doppler sonography (TVCD) in predicting response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Tumor vascularity was assessed using TVCD before the start of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 21 patients (median age, 47 years; range, 31-75 years) with histologically proven locally advanced cervical cancer. The lowest resistance index (RI), lowest pulsatility index (PI), and highest peak systolic velocity (PSV) from central vessels within the tumor were recorded and used for analysis. All patients were clinically evaluated by physical examination and CT scanning after completing the chemoradiotherapy protocol. Complete clinical response (CR) was determined when no residual tumor was found. Partial clinical response (PR) was determined when the tumor volume had decreased more than 50%. RESULTS: CR was achieved in 11 patients (52%), whereas 10 (48%) had PR. The initial median tumor volume was not statistically different between those with CR (26 cm3) and those with PR (28 cm3) (p = 0.71). RI was higher in those tumors with CR (median, 0.47) than in those with PR (median, 0.29) (p < 0.01). Likewise, PI was higher in tumors with CR (median, 0.81) than in those with PR (median, 0.41) (p < 0.01). No differences were found in PSV. The likelihood ratio for CR for tumors with a lowest RI of 0.35 or more was 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.8-3.6) and the likelihood ratio for CR for tumors with a lowest PI of 0.45 or more was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-4.5). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that TVCD may be useful in predicting clinical response to concurrent chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.     

Clinical usefulness of 3-dimensional sonography and power Doppler angiography for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether endometrial volume (EV) and 3-dimensional (3D) power Doppler indices can discriminate between hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma and can predict extension of the endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: Eighty-four women with uterine bleeding and a histopathologic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia (n = 29) or carcinoma (n = 55) were preoperatively examined by transvaginal 3D sonography and power Doppler angiography. Endometrial thickness (ET), EV, the vascularization index (VI), the flow index (FI), the vascularization-flow index (VFI), and the intratumoral resistive index (RI) were measured. A histopathologic diagnosis was made after endometrial biopsy was performed by hysteroscopy or curettage. RESULTS: The EV and 3D power Doppler indices (VI, FI, and VFI) were significantly higher in endometrial carcinoma than endometrial hyperplasia, whereas the intratumoral RI was significantly lower (P < .05). A VFI of 2.07 was the best cutoff for predicting endometrial carcinoma, with sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 80.8%. No significant differences were noticed for ET. The endometrial VI was significantly higher when the tumor stage was greater than I. All the 3D power Doppler indices were significantly higher when the carcinoma infiltrated more than 50% of the myometrium. The intratumoral RI was significantly lower in cases with a high histologic grade, myometrial infiltration of more than 50%, and lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The VI, 3D power Doppler indices, and the intratumoral RI are more useful than ET for differentiating between hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Intratumoral blood flow evaluated by pulsed Doppler sonography and 3D power Doppler angiography can predict the spread of endometrial carcinoma.     

超高频探头超声与彩色多普勒超声诊断皮肤局限性病变的进展

随着超高频率超声的问世,结合彩色多普勒超声,皮肤局限性病变和弥漫性病变的诊断手段得到了拓展,同时也使超声的应用天地更为广阔.在皮肤疾病的诊断中,尤其在皮肤的局限性病变的诊断中,超声越来越成为一种不可替代的检查手段.而对于皮肤弥漫性病变的诊断、预后的评估、疗效的观察等方面也越来越显示出了它的优势.