Radiothérapie stéréotaxique hypofractionnée des métastases osseuses

Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy can deliver high doses of bone metastases while sparing adjacent healthy tissue not only for a decompressive or analgesic purpose, but also to improve the local control of the irradiated region. Various phases I or II studies showed the feasibility of such an approach at the cost of limited toxicity, including during re-irradiation. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy to oligometastases may also improve the long-term control of metastatic disease.     

Radiothérapie stéréotaxique hypofractionnée des métastases surrénaliennes

Adrenal glands are a common site for metastatic spread since they represent the fourth metastatic site of solid tumors. Interest in local ablative treatments of oligometastases is growing since literature suggests better progression-free survival, quality of life and potentially overall survival in selected patients. Surgery remains the first treatment of adrenal oligometastases because results are good, with a long enough follow-up. However, stereotactic radiotherapy appears to be comparable to surgery and could be proposed to elderly, unfit, inoperable patients, or even to patients whose systemic treatment should not be suspended for too long. This article aims to present a review of published studies to date on stereotactic radiotherapy of adrenal metastases and to propose a treatment protocol.     

Radiothérapie stéréotaxiques des métastases osseuses des lésions vertébrales

Stereotactic radiotherapy is an ever more common technique, regardless of the location treated. However, spinal stereotactic radiotherapy requires a particular technicality in order to ensure its proper realization. There is now a large literature defining the type of imaging to be used, the dose to be delivered and the delineation of target volumes. This technique can achieve a significant local control and an interesting analgesic efficiency. However, its place in relation to conventional radiotherapy remains limited because it requires MRI imaging and a significantly longer patient management during the treatment fraction. In this context, it is currently mainly restricted to oligometastatic patients or for re-irradiations.     

Chirurgie des métastases osseuses du bassin et du squelette appendiculaire

The orthopedic surgical treatment of metastases is very important in the treatment of osteophile cancers. The surgical option is always proposed after a multidisciplinary decision. The main risk of the metastases is the pathological fracture. This risk has to be evaluated and a preventive treatment can often be performed. The surgical options are multiple: such as preventive osteosynthesis, pathological fracture treatment, reconstruction with prosthesis, carcinological excision… The choice of the treatment is support on the life expectancy and the functional risk of the metastatic bone lesion.     

Radiothérapie stéréotaxique des méningiomes intracrâniens

Meningiomas are the most common non-malignant tumours of the brain. Gross-total resection remains the preferred treatment, if achievable without morbidity. Radiation therapy is advocated for inoperable, incompletely resected, or recurrent grade 1 tumours, if there is a progressive, symptomatic lesion, or in case of functional impairment. Postoperative radiation therapy is recommended for grade 2 or 3 lesions. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery are high precision techniques, allowing good sparing of surrounding tissues. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery give comparable results, with excellent 5-year tumour control rates of more than 90% for benign meningiomas. Toxicity is low and seems equivalent, despite a biased use of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for larger meningiomas, close to critical structures. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy seems to be of special interest in the treatment of cavernous sinus or optic pathways meningiomas. The different therapeutic modalities should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team.     

Radiothérapie stéréotaxique extracrânienne et oligométastases

In stage IV cancers, locoregional management of primitive tumours as surgery and/or radiotherapy improved both progression-free survival and overall survival. Among metastatic cancer patients, some of them are considered as oligometastatic stage as they present few metastatic sites associated with low tumor aggressiveness. For those patients, metastatic local control, and therefore prolonged time to progression should be reached through local treatments as surgery and/or radiofrequency ablation and/or stereotactic radiotherapy. Here we propose a review of oligometastatic stage and results from extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy in terms of efficacy and tolerance.     

Radiothérapie stéréotaxique des cancers de la prostate

Stereotactic radiotherapy is a new option in the treatment of prostate cancer. However, only retrospective series and a few prospective phase II trials are available at this moment, including a few thousands of patients with a short follow-up. Most of the protocols delivered 33 to 38 Gy in four or five fractions. Acute toxicity seems to be similar to the one observed after conventional radiotherapy. Late toxicity is less evaluable because of the short follow-up: the rate of radiation-induced proctitis seems low in the published series. Urinary toxicities are not properly evaluated: some series reported a high incidence of urinary complications grade or higher. Most of the patients belong to the D’Amico's favourable group: biochemical controls are equivalent to those observed after conventional irradiation, but the follow-up is often shorter than 5 years and no definitive conclusion could be made about the efficiency of the technique. Data for the intermediate and high risk groups are not mature. In conclusion, stereotactic radiotherapy could strongly modified the management of prostate cancer: some phase III trials have started to confirm the good results reported in preliminary series.     

Radiothérapie en conditions stéréotaxiques des métastases cérébrales

Stereotactic radiosurgery is now well implanted in the radiotherapy treatment tools of brain metastasis. The dose can be delivered in one or multiple sessions. Results seem equivalent. CT scan and MRI imaging are required to delineate and calculate dosimetry. Doses are variable according to the size of the metastases, localization, pathology or equipment. Stabilization or reduction of tumour size is the rules after stereotactic treatment. Impact in terms of overall survival is more difficult to apprehend because of the general context of the disease. Many questions remain unresolved, such as the usefulness of whole brain irradiation, adaptation of the treatment schedule to tumour pathophysiology, role of stereotactic treatment after surgery of metastases, etc.     

Radiothérapie stéréotaxique des tumeurs primitives extracrâniennes

Stereotactic radiotherapy is a fundamental change from the conventional fractionated radiotherapy and represents a new therapeutic indication. Stereotactic radiotherapy is now a standard of care for inoperable patients or patients who refuse surgery. The results are encouraging with local control and survival rates very high in selected populations. The rate of late toxicity remains acceptable. Good tolerability makes it appropriate even for elderly and frail patients. In these fragile patients or in certain specific clinical situations, different surgical, radiotherapy or interventional radiology attitudes can be discussed on a case-by-case basis. These situations are considered in this article for the pulmonary, hepatic and prostatic localizations.     

Radiothérapie des métastases osseuses en France : étude descriptive rétrospective monocentrique

Purpose

Bone metastases cause pain and affect patients’ quality of life. Radiation therapy is one of the reference analgesic treatments. The objective of this study was to compare the current practices of a French radiotherapy department for the treatment of uncomplicated bone metastases with data from the literature in order to improve and optimize the management of patients.

Radiothérapie des métastases osseuses : revue multi-approches de la littérature

External beam radiation therapy is an efficient treatment, which relieves pain associated with bone metastases, and is prescribed in worldwide. Although bone metastases palliative irradiation recommendations exist, international clinical practices remain variable. The purpose of this article is to show the clinical practices evolution though clinical trials, cost studies and techniques’ progression.