胸壁肿瘤切除与胸壁重建

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤切除要点及缺损胸壁的重建方式。方法回顾分析1985年4月至2010年9月间手术治疗83例胸壁肿瘤患者的临床资料。其中胸骨肿瘤12例,肋骨肿瘤46例,软组织肿瘤25例。原发67例中良性40例,恶性27例;继发16例中转移10例,侵袭6例。手术行肿瘤切除48例,肿瘤切除加胸壁重建34例,探查1例。10例胸骨肿瘤和22例肋骨肿瘤切除后采用有机玻璃、同种异体胸骨、钢板、钢丝、缝线、涤纶布及胸大肌或膈肌重建;2例软组织肿瘤切除后采用转移肌瓣及转移皮瓣加植皮重建。结果 1例左全肺切除加胸壁重建患者突发心肌梗死死亡,1例全胸骨切除胸壁重建患者并发胸腔感染,其余81例术后恢复顺利,移植物未发生排斥反应。随访71例,其中恶性肿瘤总1,3,5年存活率分别为79.0%、48.0%和31.0%。良性肿瘤术后有2例复发,最长已观察12年。结论原发性胸壁肿瘤应首选手术,继发性胸壁肿瘤在原发灶可一并切除或控制前提下亦可手术。切线距肿瘤4 cm以上可降低复发。胸壁缺损较大者应行胸壁重建。骨性缺损宜选硬质材料如有机玻璃重建,软组织缺损可采用自体组织如肌瓣修复。     

58例胸壁肿瘤的外科治疗

为了探讨胸壁肿瘤的诊断治疗及胸壁缺损的重建方法,回顾性分析58例胸壁肿瘤患者的临床资料。采用外科手术切除胸壁肿瘤及胸廓重建修复胸壁缺损,结果全组无手术死亡,无严重并发症。对12例恶性胸壁肿瘤患者随访1个月～11年,生存最短者6个月,最长者11年9个月。对46例良性肿瘤随访3个月～12年,全部生存。结果提示,胸壁肿瘤无论良恶性均首选手术切除,尤其对较大恶性肿瘤病灶患者,应进行胸壁扩大切除,并行胸廓重建修复胸壁缺损。     

胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁大块缺损的修复和重建

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁重建的方法。方法从１９８６－１９９８年对２９例胸壁肿瘤切除后病人采用多种术式进行了胸壁重建，骨性胸壁的修复包括采用自体组织（阔筋膜、肌瓣、大网膜）及人工替代物（金属支架、钛合金、Ｄａｃｒｏｎ、及Ｄａｃｒｏｎ＋骨水泥＋Ｄａｃｒｏｎ三文治式复合体）。皮肤软组织层的修复主要用岛状背阔肌皮瓣及乳房瓣。结果无手术死亡及局部复发，无严重并发症，恶性肿瘤术后５年生存率为５２％。结论骨性胸壁缺损６ｃｍ×６ｃｍ以上需行胸壁重建，一般可用自体组织，必要时加用金属支架，大面积缺损（１０ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ以上）以三文治式修复法为理想，皮肤软组织缺损的修复可选用岛状背阔肌皮瓣及乳房劈裂瓣。     

多孔钛合金片修补胸壁缺损23例

 目的 探讨胸壁巨大肿瘤手术治疗和胸壁缺损的重建方法。方法 1996年5月至2006年10月对23例巨大胸壁肿瘤患者进行了手术治疗，其中良性肿瘤7例，恶性肿瘤14例，转移癌2例。肿瘤切除后遗留巨大胸壁缺损均采用多孔钛合金片进行修复重建。结果　全组无手术死亡，无严重并发症发生。结论　胸壁肿瘤不论良恶性均首选手术切除，用多孔钛合金片修复胸壁缺损，其效果满意。     

胸壁肿瘤切除后涤纶布修补巨大胸壁缺损42 例临床分析

 目的 探讨胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁重建的方法。方法 自1990年10月至2004年6月对42例胸壁肿瘤切除后行涤纶布修补重建，将涤纶布修剪成大小及形状与缺损胸壁相仿，缝合于缺损胸壁边缘的软组织上，然后行皮肤软组织修复，局部加压包扎。结果 本组无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。并发症发生率为12％，其中皮下积液1例，心律失常4例。随访5个月～5年，4例良性肿瘤无复发，恶性肿瘤的1、3、5年生存率分别为86．8％、57．9％、36．8％。结论 胸壁肿瘤切除有较好的愈后，应积极手术治疗。涤纶布修补胸壁缺损具有组织相容性好，有一定的韧性及弹性，手术操作简单，并发症少等优点。     

胸壁肿瘤切除和重建

胸壁肿瘤临床上较为少见，其发生率占胸部肿瘤的5％，胸壁肿瘤几乎一半以上为良性，报道为21％～67％。胸壁恶性肿瘤的治疗对胸外科医师是一种挑战。过去，由于错误诊断，不能完全切除，对大的缺损不能成功修复，使术后并发症发生率和死亡率较高，能够长期生存较少。随着麻醉技术的提高，重建技术发展和各种重建材料发现，使胸壁恶性肿瘤根治性切除得以实施，大大提高了长期生存率。现对胸壁肿瘤的治疗综述如下：     

复发性胸壁恶性肿瘤再手术的治疗经验

本文报告原发性胸壁恶性肿瘤术后局部复发再行手术4例。2例行胸壁广泛切除,另2例行姑息性切除。此4例经验说明:第一次手术如切除不彻底,不仅造成术后局部复发且可引起广泛扩散,失去手术治愈机会。文中对胸壁肿瘤的手术方法及胸壁大块缺损的修复作了较细的叙述,并对复发性胸壁肿瘤手术治疗的观点提出讨论。     

乳腺癌术后胸壁复发再手术胸壁重建方法探讨（附6例报告）

目的探讨乳腺癌根治术后或术后＋放疗后局部胸壁复发需再次手术时形成全胸壁缺损修复及重建的相应方法。方法本组6例胸壁缺损大小、部位均不同，采用皮瓣及肌皮瓣修复、人工材料重建胸壁等手术方法。结果全胸壁缺损宜采用人工材料修补，尤以“夹心饼”法为优。除1例3个月后因人工材料与机体组织不相容而取出外，余均获得成功。结论不同部位、不同缺损面积及术后是否放疗应采用相应修复及重建方法，既能提高手术成功率又能提高生存质量。     

累及胸壁的胸部肿瘤的外科治疗——胸壁切除与重建(附12例报告)

背景与目的胸部肿瘤累及胸壁是临床常见事件,若无远处转移,完整切除受累胸壁仍可获得良好疗效。本文结合12例肿瘤患者胸壁切除与重建(chest wall resection and reconstruction,CWRR)的经验就重建人工材料、软组织覆盖等方面作一介绍,并强调切除外科与重建外科合作的重要性。方法总结2005年10月-2011年4月北京大学肿瘤医院胸外一科和重建外科共同参与的CWRR 12例,详细复习自确诊至今的诊治全过程,包括术前治疗、手术方式、切除范围、重建方式,主要的局部及全身并发症及生存情况。结果 12例均为根治性手术,均行骨性胸壁切除,切除后骨性胸壁缺损为25 cm~2-700 cm~2,胸壁软组织缺损为56 cm~2-400 cm~2。骨性胸壁修补材料采用聚丙烯单丝网片(polypropylene mesh),软组织修复采用转移肌瓣、转移肌皮瓣及大网膜瓣。术后1例发生呼吸衰竭,呼吸机辅助通气1个月后痊愈,余例均无并发症,全组12例至今全部存活。结论只有切除外科和重建外科同时参与才能完成符合肿瘤原则的复杂CWRR。由切除外科主导、重建外科协助、了解并熟悉重建材料及胸壁软组织重建,是达到手术根治性及保证远期生存的关键。     

105例胸壁肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的：总结105例胸壁肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗经验,探讨胸壁大块缺损的重建方法.方法：回顾性总结分析105例胸壁肿瘤的临床资料.男78例,女27例.年龄6～70岁.94例原发性肿瘤,其中良性75例,恶性19例;11例为转移癌.19例行胸壁肿瘤切除及胸壁大块缺损重建术.结果：所有病例手术过程顺利,无手术死亡.术后随诊：48例良性肿瘤患者健在,16例死于其它原因.13例恶性肿瘤生存21个月至8年,恶性者术后主要死于复发及远处转移.11例转移癌全部死亡,术后生存10个月至6年4个月.结论：对无病理诊断的原发性肋骨肿瘤,应先做限制性根治切除术.大块胸壁缺损的重建,应用理想的修复材料是十分重要的.     

Postmastectomy electron-beam chest-wall irradiation in women with breast cancer

PURPOSE: This retrospective study evaluates the results of postmastectomy electron-beam chest-wall irradiation in patients with breast cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1980 to 1994, 144 women with localized breast cancer received postmastectomy radiotherapy. The chest wall was irradiated by electron beam, 6 to 12 MeV energy, depending on wall thickness, 2.0 Gy daily, 5 times/week for total dose of 50 Gy. Forty-one patients received 16-Gy boosts to the mastectomy scar. In addition, the supraclavicular and axilla areas were irradiated by anterior field with 6-MV photon beam. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 84 months. Fifteen patients (10%) had local-regional recurrence (LRR) and 57 patients (40%) had systemic relapse (SR). Median time from mastectomy to LRR was 20 months and median time to SR was 33 months. Axillary lymph nodes status influenced both LRR and SR. LRR rate was 0% in N0 and 12% in N1 disease; SR rate was 14% in N0 and 45% in N1 disease. Disease-free and overall survival was 58% and 67% in 10 years and 50% and 55% in 20 years, respectively. No cardiac toxicity was related to left chest-wall irradiation. CONCLUSION: Postmastectomy electron-beam chest-wall irradiation is as effective as photon-beam irradiation in breast cancer.     

乳腺癌全乳腺切除术后胸壁电子束照射的研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌全乳腺切除术后胸壁电子束照射的疗效.方法 回顾分析1999-2007年间全乳腺切除术后进行胸壁6 MeV电子束照射及锁骨上下区淋巴结引流区6～8 MV X线和12～15 MeV电子束混合照射患者280例资料,并与同期胸壁6～8 MV X线切线野照射118例进行比较.结果 随访率为93.2%,随访满5、10年者分别为140、12例.电子束组和X线组的5、10年胸壁复发率分别为6.8%和5.0%、14.8%和10.1%(X2=1.12,P=0.290),5、10年无瘤生存率分别为60.6%和65.5%、47.6%和57.3%(X2=0.97,P=0.325),5、10年总生存率分别为77.5%和79.6%、48.4%和53.3%(X2=0.37,P=0.545),>2级皮肤急性不良反应率分别为10.4%和16.9%(X2=3.34,P=0.090),肺纤维化率分别为28.8%和22.1%(X2=1.27,P=0.300).结论 乳腺癌全乳腺切除术后胸壁电子束照射的肿瘤控制率及不良反应与胸壁切线野照射无差别.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effcacy of electron-beam chest-wall irradiation in patients with breast cancer after mastectomy.Methods From June 1999 to December 2007,280 women with localized breast cancer received postmastectomy radiotherapy using electron beam to chest wall.The effcacy and toxicity of these 280 women was compared with 118 women treated during the same period using tangential field with photon beam.Results The follow-up rate was 93.2%.140 patients had a minimum followed up time of 5 years and 12 patients had a minimum follow up time of 10 years.The 5-year and 10-year chest wall recurrence rates were 6.8%and 5.0%.14.8%and 10.1%for patients irradiated with electron and photon(X2=1.12,P=0.290).The corresponding 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 60.6%and 65.5%,47.6%and 57.3%(X2=0.97,P=0.325).The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 77.5%and 79.6%,48.4%and 53.3%(X2=0.37,P=0.545).Grade Ⅱ or more acute skin toxicity occurred in 10.4%and 16.9%of patients irradiated with electron and photon(X2=3.34.P=0.090).Pulmonary fibrosis developed in 28.8%and 22.1% of patients irradiated with electron and photon(X2=1.27,P=0.300).Conclusion Electron-beam chest-wall irradiation is as effective as photon-beam irradiation in breast cancer after mustectomy.     

Full-thickness chest-wall resection followed by thorax reconstruction for recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor

We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with a giant recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor accompanied with bleeding and infection. She underwent full-thickness chest-wall resection. Bony thorax reconstruction and stabilization was accomplished using a Composix mesh?, and soft tissue reconstruction was performed with a musculocutaneous flap of latissimus dorsi muscle. The patient had a good postoperative outcome, and the surgical treatment remarkably improved her quality of life. Because chemotherapy and radiation are not established for treating malignant phyllodes tumors, an aggressive surgical approach should be considered for patients with a locally advanced malignant phyllodes tumor.     

Effect of exercise in reducing breast and chest-wall pain in patients with breast cancer: a pilot study

Background

Breast or chest-wall pain (bcp) is prevalent in 20%–50% of breast cancer survivors, and it affects quality of life (qol). To determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of an exercise program to improve patient qol and bcp, such a program was offered to breast cancer patients suffering from bcp.

Methods

The study enrolled 10 breast cancer patients with moderate-to-severe bcp at 3–6 months after completion of all adjuvant treatments. These patients participated in a 12-week comprehensive health improvement program (chip). Intensity was adjusted to reach 65%–85% of the patient’s maximal heart rate. Before the chip and at 1 and 6 months after completion of the chip, qol and pain were measured using questionnaires [European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life core and breast cancer modules (qlq-C30, -BR23) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire short form] completed by the patients. Results were compared with those from case-matched control subjects from another study at McGill University.

Results

After the chip, patients reported significant and clinically important improvements in qol and symptoms. At 1 and 6 months post-chip, patients in the study felt, on average, better in overall qol than did historical control subjects.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that patients who experience chronic bcp may benefit from an exercise program. A randomized controlled trial is warranted.