1，25二羟维生素 D3诱导喉癌细胞 Hep-2细胞凋亡及其对Bax／Bcl-2蛋白表达水平的影响

目的：研究1,25二羟维生素 D3抑制人喉癌 Hep-2细胞增殖作用,诱导细胞凋亡及其凋亡相关机制。方法用不同剂量（10－8、10－7、10－6 mol／L）1,25二羟维生素 D3处理 Hep-2细胞24 h、48 h、72 h,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法（MTT）检测 Hep-2细胞的增殖情况,计算抑制率。流式细胞术检测 Hep-2细胞的凋亡率。Western blot 检测用药前后细胞中 Bax 和 Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平。结果1,25二羟维生素 D3可以抑制 Hep-2细胞增殖（P ＜0．05）,最高抑制率可达30．71％,在上述浓度内随着浓度增加、时间延长抑制作用逐渐增强,呈时间－剂量依赖性。10－7、10－6 mol／L 1,25二羟维生素 D3作用48 h 后,Hep-2凋亡细胞比例显著增加,凋亡率高于空白对照组（P ＜0．05）。1,25二羟维生素 D3处理48 h 后,Hep-2细胞 Bax 蛋白表达上升,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平下降。结论在一定浓度范围内1,25二羟维生素 D3能够抑制人喉癌 Hep-2细胞的增殖,呈时间－剂量依赖性,其抑制作用与诱导细胞凋亡有关;1,25二羟维生素 D3可通过上调 Bax 蛋白表达、下调 Bcl-2蛋白表达诱导 Hep-2细胞凋亡。     

汉黄芩素体外抗人喉癌 Hep2细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的作用及机制研究

目的：研究汉黄芩素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭能力的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法运用CCK-8检测汉黄芩素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖活性的影响。运用流式细胞仪检测汉黄芩素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞凋亡的影响。运用Hoechst染色法检测汉黄芩素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞核形态变化的影响。运用transwell侵袭实验比较汉黄芩素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞侵袭能力的影响。运用Western blot检测汉黄芩素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞hTERT、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 CCK-8法发现汉黄芩素能抑制人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖,其作用呈浓度依赖性。流式细胞术分析发现汉黄芩素能诱导人喉癌Hep-2细胞发生凋亡。 Hoechst染色发现汉黄芩素能诱导人喉癌Hep-2细胞核形态变化。 Transwell实验发现汉黄芩素能抑制人喉癌Hep-2细胞的体外侵袭能力。 Western blot 检测发现测汉黄芩素能有效降低人喉癌Hep-2细胞hTERT、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平以及增加Bax蛋白表达水平（ P ＜0．05）。结论汉黄芩素在体外能够有效抑制人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,同时抑制喉癌细胞的体外侵袭能力。其作用可能与调控Bcl-2蛋白家族及hTERT蛋白表达水平相关。     

大蒜素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的 研究大蒜素(Allitridi)对人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法 分别以不同浓度大蒜素(25、50、100 mg·L-1)和顺铂(1.8 mg·L-1)干预对数生长期人喉癌Hep-2细胞,药物干预24 h后经Hoechst染色后利用倒置显微镜观察细胞的形态,采用MTT比色法测定大蒜素对Hep-2细胞的增殖抑制作用,采用FCM测定细胞周期分布、检测细胞凋亡率;采用RT-PCR检测Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平,Western-blot检测caspase-3蛋白表达.结果 大蒜素各组和顺铂1.8 mg·L-1组人喉癌Hep-2细胞较空白对照组出现不同程度损伤,以大蒜素100 mg·L-1组损伤最为严重;大蒜素(50、100 mg·L-1)组和顺铂1.8 mg·L-1组人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖抑制率显著升高,细胞周期G0/G1期显著增长、G2/M期显著缩短,细胞凋亡数量明显增多、凋亡率显著升高,凋亡相关基因bcl-2 mRNA表达显著下调而Bax mRNA显著上调、Bax/bcl-2表达比值显著升高,促凋亡蛋白caspase-3表达显著上调,上述均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 大蒜素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞生长具有抑制作用,其机制可能与大蒜素能够阻滞人喉癌Hep-2细胞周期进程、抑制细胞增殖并促进其凋亡有关.     

雷公藤红素升高ROS和抑制NF-κB通路抑制肺癌H460细胞生长

摘要：目的:探究雷公藤红素对人肺癌H460细胞的体外抑制作用。方法:使用MTT法检测雷公藤红素对H460细胞生长的影响;使用细胞集落实验检测雷公藤红素对H460细胞集落形成的影响;采用细胞流式仪检测雷公藤红素及雷公藤红素联用N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对活性氧（ROS）水平的影响;采用MTT法检测雷公藤红素联用NAC对H460细胞生长的影响;蛋白质印迹法检测雷公藤红素及联用NAC后对凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平影响。同时,进一步使用蛋白质印迹法检测雷公藤红素对核因子κB（NF-κB）通路中IκBα表达水平的影响。结果:雷公藤红素浓度依赖性的抑制H460细胞的生长和集落形成（P<0.05或P<0.01）,浓度依赖性的促进细胞内ROS水平（P<0.01）,同时能够通过升高ROS水平诱导H460细胞死亡（P<0.01）,升高Bax蛋白及抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达（P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001）,促进IκBα的表达（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论:雷公藤红素表现出高效抗肺癌作用,能升高ROS水平介导凋亡相关蛋白的表达以及抑制NF-κB通路来抑制人肺癌H460细胞的生长。     

姜黄素诱导人肝癌细胞株Bel-7402凋亡

目的 探讨姜黄素对人肝癌Bel-7402细胞的增殖抑制、诱导凋亡及其分子作用机制.方法 用姜黄素10 μmol/L体外处理Bel-7402细胞48 h.采用MTT比色法检测细胞生长的抑制作用,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR检测Bcl-2和Bax mRNA表达.结果 10 μmol/L姜黄素处理细胞48 h后呈现时间和剂量依赖性细胞增殖抑制作用;细胞凋亡率随着姜黄素浓度的增加而逐步增高,Bax mRNA表达上调,而Bcl-2 mRNA表达降低.结论 姜黄素对Bel-7402细胞有显著的增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用,其作用机制可能与上调Bax基因的表达及下调Bcl-2基因的表达有关.     

雷公藤内酯醇对肺腺癌细胞系A549的体外抑制作用的研究

目的观察雷公藤内酯醇对肺腺癌细胞系A549体外生长特性的影响。方法分别采用MTT法、流式细胞仪、琼脂糖凝胶电泳以及荧光染色观察雷公藤内酯醇肺腺癌细胞系A549增殖、细胞周期以及凋亡的影响。结果14nmol.L-1～896nmol.L-1的雷公藤内酯醇均能抑制A549细胞的生长且生长抑制作用呈剂量以及时间依赖性。雷公藤内酯醇在低浓度(14nmol.L-1)条件下,能诱导A549细胞发生细胞周期阻滞,阻滞部位在S期;高浓度(55,112mol.L-1)的雷公藤内酯醇使A549阻滞在G2/M期,并诱导其发生凋亡。结论雷公藤内酯醇能抑制A549细胞的生长,使其阻滞在S期和G2/M期,并诱导其发生凋亡。     

姜黄素诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡

目的 研究姜黄素对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7细胞增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用.方法 MTT法检测姜黄素对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制作用;流式细胞术(FCM)PI单染检测细胞周期;Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡;Western blot法检测Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达.结果 姜黄素对MCF-7细胞生长有明显抑制作用,并呈剂量、时间依赖性;姜黄素能使MCF-7细胞阻滞在G1/S期,可以诱导细胞凋亡,Bax蛋白表达上调,而Bcl-2的表达减少.结论 姜黄素对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的增殖具有显著的抑制作用并可诱导细胞凋亡.其分子作用机制可能与其上调Bax基因表达水平的同时下调Bcl-2基因表达水平,从而诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

Effect of gambogic acid on apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS

目的 探讨藤黄酸对人胃腺癌细胞株AGS的增殖和凋亡作用.方法 用不同浓度藤黄酸处理AGS细胞后,MTT法测定AGS细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞术分析藤黄酸诱导AGS细胞凋亡,Western blot法检测B细胞淋巴瘤-白血病2(Bcl-2)和Bcl相关X蛋白(Bax)表达的变化.结果 藤黄酸能剂量依赖性地抑制AGS细胞增殖、诱导AGS细胞凋亡、下调Bcl-2蛋白表达、上调Bax蛋白表达;24 h半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.9μmol/L.结论 藤黄酸能明显抑制胃癌细胞株AGS的增殖,诱导AGS细胞凋亡.其促凋亡作用可能与Bcl-2、Bax的表达有关.     

藤黄酸对胃腺癌细胞株AGS凋亡的影响

目的探讨藤黄酸对人胃腺癌细胞株AGS的增殖和凋亡作用。方法用不同浓度藤黄酸处理AGS细胞后,MTT法测定AGS细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞术分析藤黄酸诱导AGS细胞凋亡,Western blot法检测B细胞淋巴瘤-白血病2(Bcl-2)和Bcl相关X蛋白(Bax)表达的变化。结果藤黄酸能剂量依赖性地抑制AGS细胞增殖、诱导AGS细胞凋亡、下调Bcl-2蛋白表达、上调Bax蛋白表达;24h半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.9μmol/L。结论藤黄酸能明显抑制胃癌细胞株AGS的增殖,诱导AGS细胞凋亡。其促凋亡作用可能与Bcl-2、Bax的表达有关。     

姜黄素对喉癌细胞增殖的作用以及对细胞Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响分析

目的 探讨姜黄素治疗喉癌对细胞Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响.方法 在姜黄素培养基中进行Hep-2细胞的培养,依据不同的培养时间,分别设为两组(24h、48h).对细胞的增殖采用MTT法进行检测,对Bcl-2、Bax基因的表达采用RT-PCR法进行检测.结果 48 h培养组与24 h培养组在不同的姜黄素浓度下相比,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同的培养时间下,三组Bcl-2以及Bax浓度具有显著差异,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 姜黄素对Hep-2细胞增殖有显著的时间-剂量依赖性抑制作用,其浓度越高,Bcl-2浓度越低,Bax浓度越高,可起到有效的抗癌作用.     

Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of XIAP in U937 cells

PG490 (triptolide) is a natural, biologically active compound extracted from Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. The mechanism by which triptolide initiates apoptosis remains poorly understood. In the present report, we investigated the effect of triptolide on the apoptotic pathway in U937 human promonocytic cells. We show that triptolide inhibits U937 cells growth by inducing apoptosis. Following treatment of U937 cells with 25 nM triptoride for 24 hr, morphological features of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were observed. Caspase inhibitors significantly reduced triptolide-induced caspase-3 activation. In addition, apoptosis triggered by triptolide was not associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, which was not affected by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The data collectively indicate that the cytotoxic effect of triptolide in U937 cells is attributable to apoptosis mediated by the caspase-3 activation pathway that may be associated with XIAP down-regulation.     

PG490-88, a derivative of triptolide,suppresses ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung damage by maintaining tight junction barriers and targeting multiple signaling pathways

Previous studies demonstrated that triptolide (PG490) has many anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, little is known about the effect of PG490-88 (a water-soluble derivative of triptolide) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute lung injury. We assessed the effects of PG490-88 on I/R-induced acute lung injury in rats and on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in a line of murine epithelial cells. Isolated perfused rat lungs were subjected to 40 min of ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion to induce I/R injury. Induction of I/R led to lung edema, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, histological evidence of lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased levels of TNF-α and CINC-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PG490-88 significantly suppressed all of these responses. Additionally, induction of I/R reduced the expression of claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1, and increased apoptosis in lung tissue. PG490-88 also significantly suppressed these effects. I/R reduced the levels of IκB-α and MKP-1, and increased the levels of nuclear NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung tissue, and PG490-88 suppressed these effects. In vitro studies using mouse lung alveolar epithelial cells indicated that H/R increased the levels of phosphorylated p65 and MIP-2, but decreased the level of IκB-α. PG490-88 also suppressed these effects. In I/R damaged lungs, PG490-88 suppresses the inflammatory response, disruption of tight junction structure, and apoptosis. PG490-88 has the potential as a prophylactic agent to prevent I/R-induced lung injury.     

Triptolide and its expanding multiple pharmacological functions

Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a major active component of extracts derived from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). Triptolide has multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, immune modulation, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity. So, triptolide has been widely used to treat inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation and even tumors. Triptolide cannot only induce tumor cell apoptosis directly, but can also enhance apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents such as TNF-α, TRAIL and chemotherapeutic agents regardless of p53 phenotype by inhibiting NFκB activation. Recently, the cellular targets of triptolide, such as MKP-1, HSP, 5-Lox, RNA polymerase and histone methyl-transferases had been demonstrated. However, the clinical use of triptolide is often limited by its severe toxicity and water-insolubility. New water-soluble triptolide derivatives have been designed and synthesized, such as PG490-88 or F60008, which have been shown to be safe and potent antitumor agent. Importantly, PG490-88 has been approved entry into Phase I clinical trial for treatment of prostate cancer in USA. This review will focus on these breakthrough findings of triptolide and its implications.     

雷公藤甲素对肝癌细胞株HepG2顺铂化疗敏感性的影响

目的 观察雷公藤甲素对肝癌HepG2细胞的生长抑制作用,以及对顺铂化疗敏感性的影响.方法 应用不同浓度雷公藤甲素和顺铂单独或联合作用于体外培养的肝癌HepG2细胞不同时间,MTT方法 观察药物对细胞生长抑制作用;Western blot方法 分析细胞胞核中核转录因子κB(NF-κB)p65蛋白表达变化;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Caspase-3活性检测试剂盒分析其凋亡机制.结果 雷公藤甲素对HepG2细胞的增值有明显生长抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性;联用顺铂与单用药比较,明显提高细胞生长抑制率和凋亡率(P<0.05);HepG2细胞胞核可见NF-κB p65蛋白少量表达,单用顺铂后能使其表达增强,联用雷公藤甲素后可逆转此现象;各药物组细胞中Caspase-3活性显著增高,且联合用药组高于单用药组(P<0.05).结论 雷公藤甲素对肝癌HepG2细胞有明显的生长抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性,并能增强顺铂化疗敏感性.其机制可能与抑制胞核内NF-κB p65蛋白表达和增加Caspase-3活性有关.     

MC002对A-549、HT-1080荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长抑制作用的研究

目的MC002是雷公藤内酯醇的半合成衍生物,本实验主要观察和评价MC002对人肺腺癌A-549、人纤维肉瘤HT-1080小鼠模型的肿瘤抑制作用。方法用Balb/C裸小鼠接种人肺腺癌A-549瘤株和人纤维肉瘤HT-1080瘤株造成小鼠肿瘤模型,以MC002对荷瘤小鼠的相对肿瘤增殖率、瘤重、抑瘤率为指标评价MC002对小鼠的抑瘤作用。结果对于两种不同瘤株,MC002各剂量组体积明显小于模型对照组,瘤重均降低,在大剂量组1.5(mg.kg-1)时T/C%在给药几次后均小于60%(P<0.05),且具有量效关系。结论MC002能有效抑制人肺腺癌A-549、人纤维肉瘤HT-1080荷瘤小鼠体内肿瘤生长。MC002有可能发展成为一种新型抗癌药。     

整合素连接激酶反义寡脱氧核苷酸对喉鳞状细胞癌Hep-2细胞株的作用

目的探讨整合素连接激酶(ILK)反义寡脱氧核苷酸(ASODN)对喉鳞状细胞癌 Hep-2细胞株生物学特性的影响及抑制ILK活性以控制喉鳞状细胞癌细胞生长的可能性。方法应用脂质体包裹的ILK ASODN转染喉鳞状细胞癌Hep-2细胞,阻断ILK表达;应用光学显微镜观察凋亡细胞的形态学改变;通过细胞生长曲线检测细胞的增殖活性;于处理后120h采用膜联蛋白(Annexin- V)／碘化丙啶(PI)联合标记法于荧光显微镜下观察细胞凋亡;于处理后72h以流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡及细胞周期。结果 ASODN组转染后,Hep-2细胞生长受到抑制,细胞凋亡增加,细胞周期发生显著变化:G0／G1期细胞数增多,S期及G2／M期细胞数则减少,与对照组相比,差异有显著意义 (P<0．05);而SODN及NODN组与对照组相比则无明显变化(P>0．05)。结论 ILK ASODN可以抑制喉鳞状细胞癌Hep-2细胞的生长和增殖,诱导细胞凋亡;应用反义技术抑制ILK活性可能对喉鳞状细胞癌的治疗有意义。     

钾通道阻滞剂对人喉癌上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究钾通道阻滞剂对人喉癌上皮细胞（Hep-2）凋亡的影响。方法将钾通道阻断剂四乙胺TEA作用于Hep-2细胞,用MTT法检测细胞活性,采用Hoechest33258染色检测细胞凋亡,同时通过碘化丙啶（PI）染色,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡比率。结果TEA对Hep-2细胞的增殖抑制效应具有剂量依赖性特点,并能诱导Hep-2细胞凋亡。结论钾通道对Hep-2细胞增殖具有重要调控作用,阻断钾通道可促进细胞凋亡,可为肿瘤治疗提供新的靶点。     

Triptolide induced cytotoxic effects on human promyelocytic leukemia, T cell lymphoma and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines

Triptolide, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of auto-immune diseases, and it can also induce anti-neoplastic activity on several human tumor cell lines. This study investigates the cytotoxic function and the functional mechanism of triptolide on tumor cells. Promyelocytic leukemia, (HL-60), T cell lymphoma (Jurkat), and human hepatocelluar carcinoma (SMMC-7721) cells were subjected to triptolide treatment, and cell growth inhibition was examined by XTT cell viability assay. Cell death mechanism (apoptosis) was confirmed through DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining. Triptolide inhibited 50% of cell growth (IC(50)) on HL-60 cells at 7.5 nM, Jurkat cells at 27.5 nM and SMMC cells at 32 nM. Characteristic apoptotic features including internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed in triptolide treated cells. Data from the study indicates that triptolide could induce apoptosis in human tumor cell lines and it may be applicable as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.     

Triptolide inhibits murine-inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

Triptolide (PG490) is a natural, biologically active compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, triptolide inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner and abrogates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. To investigate the mechanism by which triptolide inhibits murine iNOS gene expression, we examined activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) in these cells. Addition of triptolide inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, triptolide significantly inhibited the DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Taken together, these results suggest that triptolide acts to inhibit inflammation through inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression through blockade of NF-kappa B and JNK activation.     

Caspase 3 is involved in the apoptosis induced by triptolide in HK-2 cells

Triptolide, a main active component extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f (TWHf), has been shown to possess potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the toxicity of triptolide limits its clinical applications. Here we treated the human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells with triptolide in vitro and investigated its toxic effects. The cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for viability inhibition and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining for apoptosis/necrosis. The activation of caspase 3 was analyzed by Western Blotting. MTT assay showed triptolide inhibited the viability of HK-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry assay showed triptolide caused apoptosis rather than necrosis in HK-2 cells by staining with annexin V/PI. Furthermore, the increase of cleaved p17 fragment, an active form of caspase 3, was detected. These results suggested that triptolide is able to cause cytotoxicity on HK-2 cells, and the mechanism of which is associated with caspase 3.