Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes

The duration of lag phase of ascorbate-dependent free radical oxidation of endogenous polyenic lipids in rat liver and myocardium considerably increased after oral administration of lacrinat containing licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder for 1 month. Lacrinat markedly decreased the content of lipid peroxides in rat liver.Ex vivo antioxidant effects of lacrinat in rat liver were comparable with those of β-carotene-containing preparations carinat and carinat CD. Parapharmaceutics containing both licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder and β-carotene (carinat forte) markedly increased antioxidant activity of the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 2000     

Effect of chalone and antichalone on free radical processes in rat liver

Effect of the proliferative regulators chalone and antichalone on the free radical system is studied on isolated and perfused rat liver under normal conditions and after ammonium chloride load (5 mM). It is shown that chaone suppressed both lipid peroxidation and antiradical system, while antichalone exhibits opposite effects on these processes. Ammonium chloride abolishes the effect of antichalone and does not change the effect produced by chalone. A hypothesis is proposed that specific function of the organ predominates over its response to local regulatory stimuli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 224–226, February, 1998     

Effect of melatonin on antioxidant activity and free radical lipid oxidation in traumatic shock

Effect of melatonin on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in blood, heart, liver, and brain was studied in rats exposed to traumatic shock. Melatonin exerted a potent modulatory effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. Its efficacy depended on organ sensitivity to oxygen deficiency under conditions of traumatic shock. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 4, pp. 387–391, April, 1999.     

The development of free radical processes in experimental bronchospasm. Effect of the bronchodilator preparation troventol

The development of bronchospasm is shown to be accompanied by lipid peroxidation (LPO) activation; 3-fold and 8-fold rises of malondialdehyde concentration are found in homogenate of lung from sensitized animals and from animals provoked with egg albumin antigen, respectively. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) reveals that in sensitized rats the production of oxygen free radicals is increased by alveolar macrophages activated with phorbol myristate acetate. Troventol at 10⁻³ mg/ml inhibits the CL response of phagocytes both in intact and in sensitized rats and lowers the level of Fe²⁺-induced LPO in lung tissue but not in the liver of intact animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 619–621, June, 1994     

Beta-carotene-containing preparation carinat inhibits lipid peroxidation and development of renal tumors in rats treated with chemical carcinogen

The effects of pretreatment with β-carotene-containing preparation carinat on the development of renal tumors in rats receiving single intravenous injection of chemical carcinogen 3-(1-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-1-methyl-1-nitrosourea were studied. Fourteen months after carcinogen administration, the degree of lipid oxidation in rat kidneys 2.5-fold surpassed that in animals receiving carinat in a dose producingin vivo antioxidant effect. Carinat decreased the total number of induced tumors and the incidence of mesenchymal renal tumors and suppressed the development of multiple tumors. The accumulation of lipoperoxides in the kidneys during carcinogenesis is associated with activation of free radical processes and carcinogen-induced inhibition of lipoperoxide enzymatic degradation and probably promotes renal malignancies due to co-carcinogenic action of these compounds. The data suggest that carinat-induced suppression of tumor development attests to antioxidant effects of β-carotene. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 95–97, July, 2000     

β-Carotene-containing preparation carinat inhibits lipid peroxidation and development of renal tumors in rats treated with chemical carcinogen

The effects of pretreatment with β-carotene-containing preparation carinat on the development of renal tumors in rats receiving single intravenous injection of chemical carcinogen 3-(1-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-1-methyl-1-nitrosourea were studied. Fourteen months after carcinogen administration, the degree of lipid oxidation in rat kidneys 2.5-fold surpassed that in animals receiving carinat in a dose producingin vivo antioxidant effect. Carinat decreased the total number of induced tumors and the incidence of mesenchymal renal tumors and suppressed the development of multiple tumors. The accumulation of lipoperoxides in the kidneys during carcinogenesis is associated with activation of free radical processes and carcinogen-induced inhibition of lipoperoxide enzymatic degradation and probably promotes renal malignancies due to co-carcinogenic action of these compounds. The data suggest that carinat-induced suppression of tumor development attests to antioxidant effects of β-carotene. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 95–97, July, 2000     

Inhibition of human plasma ApoB-lipoproteins

The effects of astaxanthine and β-carotene on the oxidation of isolated human plasma apoB-lipoproteins induced by copper ions or hemin/hydrogen peroxide are studied. Astaxanthine inhibits the formation of both primary (diene conjugates) and secondary (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) products of lipid perioxidation. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthine is observed in the concentration range 20–100 μg/mg protein of apoB-lipoproteins. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthine is higher than that of β-carotene. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp. 285–288, March, 1997     

Changes in the ultrastructure of human erythrocytes and in their content of free fatty acids during incubation with hydroperoxide and calcium ionsin vitro

It is shown that incubation of a suspension of human erythrocytes with H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ mainly results in echinocytic transformation and hemolysis; incubation with H₂O₂ in the absence of Ca²⁺ is attended by polymorphous changes in erythrocytes: discocyte swelling, formation of stomatocytes and echinocytes and their hemolysis. The level of free fatty acids in human erythrocytes increases for incubation with Ca²⁺ and calcimycin under anaerobic conditions and drops for H₂O₂-induced activation of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8 pp. 207–211, August, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antioxidant activity of anticonvulsive drugs

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 3, pp. 254–256, March, 1993     

β-Carotene-containing preparations enhance antioxidant potential of the liver and myocardium

The effects of β-carotene-containing food additives carinate and carinate CD on the antioxidant potential of rat liver and myocardium were examined. Daily oral administration of these drugs in doses equal to 0.4 and 14 mg/kg β-carotene inhibited ascorbate-dependent peroxidation of endogenous lipids in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes 1.5–6.5- and 1.5–40-fold, respectively, depending on β-carotene form and dose. Carinate CD containing a complex of β—carotene with β-cyclodextrin was a more potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in the liver and myocardium than carinate containing free β-carotene. β-Carotene-containing food additives can be recommended for the prophylaxis of cardiovascular, oncological, and other diseases. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 9, pp. 324–326, September, 1999     

Effect of radiation from personal computer monitor on free-radical processes in rats

Radiation from a personal computer monitor reduces antioxidant activity and the contents of diene conjugates and Schiff bases in rat serum and has no effect on chemiluminescence and the content of carbonyl derivatives. The radiation causes no significant changes in blood contents of nitrites and ceruloplasmin and activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase. The results obtained indicate that radiation from a monitor produces potentially hazardous biological effects. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 8, pp. 192–194, August, 1997     

Free-radial oxidation of lipids in human serum as a function of vitamin E content

The relationship between free-radial oxidation of human serum lipids and serum content of vitamin E is studied by the chemiluminescence method. A linearity between chemiluminescence and vitamin E content is established. By approximating experimental data we deduced a set of equations characterizing the chemiluminescence parameters as a function of vitamin E content. The correlation coefficients have been calculated in the 0.7605–0.9671 range. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 9, pp. 298–301, September, 1997     

Antioxidant probucol as an effective scavenger of lipid radicals in low density lipoproteinsin vivo andin vitro

Probucol in concentrations of 10–15 μM effectively inhibits Cu²⁺-induced free radical oxidation of native low density lipoproteins and in concentration of 100 μM it inhibits lipoperoxide formation. The mean plasma concentration of probucol in patients receiving 250 mg of this drug is 25 μM. Both 250 and 1000 mg probucol daily during 3–6 month block the oxidation of isolated low density lipoproteins. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry data showed that probucol incorporatedin vivo into lipoprotein particles interacts with lipid radicals yielding long-lived phenoxyradicals. Probucol can be used in complex therapy of atherosclerosis as an antioxidant drug and its dose required for lipoprotein protection against atherogenic modification can be decreased to 250 mg/day. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 8, pp. 186–189, August, 1999     

β-carotene oxidation products modify cholesterol biosynthesis and growth of cultured human epidermoid carcinoma cell

β-Carotene inhibits cholesterol production in A-431 cellsin vitro and slightly modifies their growth in a culture. Oxidation of β-carotene increases its biological activity. The main products of β-carotene oxidation are isolated and their biological activity evaluated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 9, pp. 321–324, September, 1998     

The content of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation products in the tissues of rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free oxygen radicals

It is shown that at the age of 2–3 months S rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free radicals have the same content of tocopherol in the heart, epididymal fat, adrenals, liver, and liver mitochondria as Wistar rats but a lower content of plasma tocopherol. At 10–12 months, the tocopherol content in all studied tissues and organs, except the liver, is higher than in young S rats and age-matched Wistar rats. This is regarded as a compensatory response facilitating the stabilization of LPO under conditions of increased free radical formation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 282–284, March, 1996     

Effect of ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol on resistance of beta-carotene to oxidation

The efficiency of ascorbate and α-tocopherol as stabilizers of β-carotene, which is widely used in complex therapy and prevention of some diseases accompanied by oxidative stress, was studied. The latency of induced β-carotene oxidation linearly depends on ascorbate concentration, while steady-state rate nonlinearly depends on the concentration of α-tocopherol, which attests to involvement of antioxidants in various stages of chain oxidation of β-carotene. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 59–62, July, 2000     

Effect of ascorbate and α-tocopherol on resistance of β-carotene to oxidation

The efficiency of ascorbate and α-tocopherol as stabilizers of β-carotene, which is widely used in complex therapy and prevention of some diseases accompanied by oxidative stress, was studied. The latency of induced β-carotene oxidation linearly depends on ascorbate concentration, while steady-state rate nonlinearly depends on the concentration of α-tocopherol, which attests to involvement of antioxidants in various stages of chain oxidation of β-carotene. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 59–62, July, 2000     

Assessment of the toxic and protective effects of initiators and inhibitors of free radical reactions using a wild-type strain ofEscherichia coli and a strain deficient for superoxide dismutase

The toxic effects of H₂O₂, paraquat, and oxidized low density lipoproteins are more expressed on superoxide dismutase-deficientE. coli strains than on its wild-type strains, and the effect of tert-butyl-hydroperoxide is less dependent on the presence or absence of this enzyme in the bacterium, whereas that of bleomycin does not depend on it at all. The toxicity of the agents increases in the following series: H₂O₂<oxidized low density lipoproteins<tert-butyl-hydroperoxide <paraquat≪bleomycin. A culture ofE. coli strains AB 1157 and JI 132 may be used for assessing the toxic effect of prooxidants, and anE. coli JI 132 culture with oxidative stress induced by prooxidants as a test system for detecting the potential antioxidants and assessing the mechanism of the action. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o , pp. 74–79, January, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antioxidant properties of thiamine

Thiamine (10⁻⁴–10⁻⁶ M) inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome and free radical oxidation of oleic acidin vitro. Thiamine interacts with free radicals and hydroperoxides and is oxidized to thiochrome and thiamine disulfide. The antioxidant effect of thiamine is probably related to sucessive transfer of 2H⁺ from the NH₂ group of the pyrimidine ring and H⁺ from the thiazole ring (after its opening) to reactive substrates. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 303–305, September, 2000     

ATP-sparing effect of histochrome in acute myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease

Afterin vitro ischemia, the content of adenosine triphosphate in myocardial bioptates from patients with heart diseases is reduced. This reduction is more pronounced in patients with coronary heart disease than in patients with rhythm disturbances. Administration of the antioxidant preparation histochrome to patients with coronary heart disease preserves ATP during ischemic exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 669–671, December, 1997