铬致大鼠肾组织脂质过氧化作用

铬是一种工业毒物。肾脏是铬分布和排泄的主要器官，也是铬毒作用的靶器官之一。近年来，随着自由基理论的发展，自由基介导的组织损伤是许多化学物质毒作用的起始反应。从脂质过氧化理论出发，我们测定了染铬后大鼠肾组织中的ＭＤＡ含量、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力，探讨...     

野菊花水提液抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的：观察野菊花水提液的体内外抗氧化的作用。方法：分别用ＴＢＡ法、ＤＴＮＢ法及紫外分光光度测定脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）产物ＭＤＡ的含量、全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐx）及过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活力。结果：野菊花水提液体外可抑制大鼠心、脑、肝、肾组织自动ＬＰＯ及由Ｈ２Ｏ２引发的红细胞脂质过氧及溶血;小鼠ｉｇ给药２ｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）７ｄ,可显著升高全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐx、ＣＡＴ活力（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：野菊     

锰对大鼠脂质过氧化及抗氧化能力影响的研究

锰对大鼠脂质过氧化及抗氧化能力影响的研究王薛君崔金山马明月李宏革张玉敏我们观察了染锰大鼠血清中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，抗氧化酶类（ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＣＡＴ）活力、血清及甲状腺组织中硫基含量，为进一步探讨锰中毒机理，揭示锰对机体脂质过氧化及抗氧化能力...     

吸入肼对大鼠肝肺组织某些生化指标的影响

研究吸入不同浓度的肼２小时，对大鼠肝肺组织中的脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）含量的影响。研究发现，大鼠吸入肼后肝肺组织中的ＭＤＡ含量明显升高，ＧＳＨ含量则明显下降，ＳＯＤ含量在肺组织中明显下降，而在肝组织中无明显变化。本研究说明肼引起的氧化性损伤是其肝肺毒作用的一个重要方面。     

甘糖酯对家兔全脑缺血再灌损伤的保护作用

甘糖酯是一种新型的低分子量、低抗凝活性的多糖类海洋药物。本文报道甘糖酯对４动脉阻断家兔全脑缺血再灌损伤脑组织过氧化脂质（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和脑含水量的影响。结果显示，甘糖酯可降低全脑缺血再灌损伤的ＭＤＡ含量，提高ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性，降低脑含水量，对ＮＯ无明显影响，提示甘糖酯对全脑再灌损伤有明显的抗氧化作用。     

姜黄素对鼠体内SOD活性和MDA含量的影响

目的：观察姜黄素对成年小鼠及老年大鼠体内超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的影响。方法：选用成年ＮＩＨ小鼠，每日腹腔注射姜黄素共７ｄ，观察血浆、脑及肝脏组织的ＳＯＤ活性及ＭＤＡ含量。选用雄性ＳＤ老年大鼠（＞２８月龄），用０．０２％姜黄素水溶液作为饮水，连续给药９ｗｋ，动态观察给药前及给药后９ｗｋ内血浆中ＳＯＤ和ＭＤＡ的含量。结果：姜黄素给药小鼠血浆及脑组织的ＭＤＡ含量下降，血浆、脑及肝脏组织的ＳＯＤ活性均明显提高，呈现一定的剂量依赖关系。老年大鼠给药后血浆中的ＭＤＡ含量明显降低，血浆ＳＯＤ的活性在给药后３ｗｋ呈现一过性升高。结论：姜黄素有抑制成年小鼠和老年大鼠体内脂质过氧化过程的作用，该作用除了与其本身的抗自由基效应有关外，还与其提高机体的ＳＯＤ活性作用有一定关系。     

非创伤性下肢缺血预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌脂质过氧化的保护作用

采用非创伤性下肢缺血预处理（Ｎ－ＷＩＰＣ）动物模型,研究了Ｎ－ＷＩＰＣ对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤及脂质过氧化的保护效应。结果显示,Ｎ－ＷＩＰＣ可明显减少心肌组织内肌酸磷酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）的漏出,提高心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的活性,降低脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量。表明非创伤性下肢缺血预处理具有抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤及脂质过氧化的作用,其机制可能是通过提高内源性心肌保护物质的水平而起作用。     

沙棘总黄酮对大鼠心肌再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察沙棘总黄酮对大鼠心肌再灌注损伤时超微结构及对心肌组织ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量的影响。方法：预先ｉｇ沙棘总黄酮（ＴＦＨ）６ｄ后，用ＳＤ大鼠制作心肌缺血再灌注模型。结果：缺血４０ｍｉｎ，再灌３０ｍｉｎ后ＴＦＨ（７７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、２３１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）能明显减轻缺血再灌损伤区超微结构的病理改变，显著提高大鼠心肌组织ＳＯＤ活性并减少ＭＤＡ的生成。结论：ＴＦＨ对大鼠心肌缺血再灌损伤的保护作用可能与提高自由基清除酶活性及抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

延胡索乙素抗脂质过氧化作用与对脑缺血再灌注大鼠行为及病理改变的保护

目的研究延胡索乙素（ｄｌ ｔｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒｏｐａｔｍａｔｉｎｅ,ｄｌ ＴＨＰ）抗脂质过氧化作用与对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法采用非开颅可逆性大鼠大脑中动脉拴塞法造成大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,ｄｌ ＴＨＰ１０,２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１在缺血前２ｍｉｎ静脉注射。结果ｄｌ ＴＨＰ可显著减轻神经功能障碍及脑组织病理损害,阻止脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）及乳酸脱氢酶（ｌａｃｔｉｃｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅ ｎａｓｅ,ＬＤＨ）活力下降,阻止外周血中ＬＤＨ活力增加并阻止脑组织脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）含量增加。结论ｄｌ ＴＨＰ对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,机制可能与抗脂质过氧化反应有关。     

山莨菪碱对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用与抗脂质过氧化

研究山莨菪碱对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用与抗脂质过氧化的关系。方法：在麻醉大鼠心肌缺血１５ｍｉｎ再灌注１０ｍｉｎ模型上，于再灌注前１ｍｉｎｉｖ山莨菪碱（Ａｎｉ）１，３，５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，结果：减少心肌ＣＫ的释放和ＭＤＡ含量的升高，保持ＳＯＤ活性，并完全阻止再灌注心肌膜中油酸，亚油酸和花生四烯酸的减少，ＳＯＤ７５Ｕ．ｋｇ＾－１的作用与Ａｎｉ３ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１相当。结论：Ａｎｉ的抗脂质过氧化可能是其保     

镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠血管紧张素II、内皮素的影响

目的：观察镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）的降压效果及其对血浆、心肌、脑组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、内皮素（ET）含量的影响。方法：将24只14周龄的雄性SHR随机分为SHR组、镇肝熄风汤组、依那普利组，同时以同源雄性WKY大鼠8只作为对照组，灌胃给药8周后，用16导生理记录系统记录血压，放射免疫法测血浆、心肌、脑组织中AngⅡ、ET含量。结果：与WKY组相比，SHR组血压升高，且血浆、心肌组织中AngⅡ含量显著升高，脑组织中ET含量升高。镇肝熄风汤可降低SHR血浆及心肌组织中AngⅡ、脑组织中ET含量。结论：镇肝熄风汤可减少缩血管物质（AngⅡ、ET）的释放，对心、脑具有一定的保护作用，可预防高血压并发症。     

Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, SA446, on tissue ACE activity in normotensive, spontaneously hypertensive, and renal hypertensive rats

Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, SA446, on the renin-angiotensin system, particularly on tissue ACE activity, were studied in Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats (RHR) by repeated oral administration for 7 days. SA446 (45 mg/kg/day p.o.) inhibited ACE activity in the lung, brain, kidney, heart, and whole blood throughout the administration period in WKY, but showed a slight hypotensive action and no inhibition of aorta ACE activity. On the other hand, SA446 had an apparent hypotensive action at the same dose in SHR and inhibited ACE activity significantly in the aorta as well as the kidney and whole blood during the administration period. Furthermore, enzyme activity in the aorta, kidney, heart, and whole blood was also inhibited at a hypotensive dose of SA446 (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) in RHR. The inhibition in whole blood and kidney was almost complete, and the inhibition in the aorta was greater on day 7 than on day 1. The maximum decrease of blood pressure was correlated with the maximum inhibition in aorta ACE activity, but not in brain, lung, or heart ACE activity. In addition, a good positive correlation was observed between the basal blood pressure and the basal aorta ACE activity in WKY, SHR, and RHR, although there was no correlation in the brain, lung, kidney, heart, or whole blood. These results suggest that the antihypertensive action of SA446 by repeated administration may be due to inhibition of arterial ACE activity in addition to inhibition of plasma and kidney ACE activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Influence of gender on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein damage and apoptosis in hearts and brains from spontaneously hypertensive rats

1. Hypertension leads to oxidative stress, lipid and protein damage, apoptosis and impaired cardiac contractile function. However, impact of gender on these hypertension-associated abnormalities has not been elucidated. 2. The present study evaluated the oxidative stress, lipid/protein damage, apoptosis in heart and brain tissues as well as cardiomyocyte contractile function in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of both genders. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein damage and apoptosis were assessed by glutathione (GSH) : reduced glutathione (GSSG) ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, protein carbonyl levels and caspase-3 activity, respectively. Cardiomyocyte contractile function was examined including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90) and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (+/-dL/dt). The SHR cardiomyocytes displayed reduced PS and +/-dL/dt compared with gender-matched WKY counterparts. Male but not female SHR cardiomyocytes possessed longer resting cell length, normal TPS and prolonged TR90. All mechanical parameters were comparable between male and female WKY rats with the exception of a higher TR90 in females. Hypertension did not significantly affect the GSH : GSSG ratio in the heart and brain tissues of either gender. Brain from female WKY rats displayed a reduced GSH : GSSG ratio. The MDA levels were unchanged and elevated, respectively, in SHR heart and SHR brain tissues from both genders. Protein carbonyl formation and caspase-3 activity were elevated in male but not female SHR hearts. Nonetheless, brain protein carbonyl level and caspase-3 activity were unaffected by hypertension or gender. 3. In summary, these results suggest that gender affects hypertension-associated oxidative stress, lipid and protein damage, apoptosis in heart and brain tissues and cardiomyocyte contractile function.     

非诺贝特通过上调短链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶抑制大鼠心肌肥厚

目的:研究非诺贝特对自发性高血压大鼠(Spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)心肌中短链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase,SCAD)的表达、心肌脂质代谢变化以及心肌肥厚指标的影响,探讨非诺贝特改善SHR心肌肥厚的作用机制.方法:观察非诺贝特灌胃8周后,SHR的血压及左室重量指数、血清和心肌游离脂肪酸含量的变化,采用Western blot方法检测心肌过氧化物酶体增殖剂活化受体α(PPARα)和SCAD的蛋白表达变化,采用厌氧性电子转移黄素蛋白荧光还原分析法检测SCAD酶活性的改变.结果:与Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)大鼠比较,SHR的血压及左室重量指数均明显增高,心肌中PPARα与SCAD的蛋白表达明显下调,SCAD的酶活性显著降低,血清和心肌游离脂肪酸含量增加(P＜0.05);与SHR比较,非诺贝特治疗8周后的SHR,其左室重量指数明显下降,血压无明显变化,心肌中PPARα与SCAD的蛋白表达明显上调,SCAD的酶活性显著增高,血清和心肌游离脂肪酸含量减少(P＜0.05).结论:非诺贝特增加心肌中SCAD的蛋白表达,改善心肌能量代谢障碍,可能是其抑制心肌肥厚发生与发展的机制之一.     

Effect of captopril on converting enzyme activity in chemically sympathectomized, spontaneously hypertensive rats

Effect of subacute angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) blockade on the converting enzyme activity (ACE activity) in plasma, aorta, lung, kidney and whole brain was evaluated in chemically-sympathectomized (with 6-hydroxydopamine) normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using captopril given peripherally via the intraperitoneal (i.p) route and centrally through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. Daily i.p. injection of 25 mg/kg for 8 days reduced the blood pressure of both WKY rats and SHR, and the ACE activity in the aorta, lung and plasma of both WKY rats and SHR were correspondingly depressed. The brain ACE activity remained unaltered in both strain of rats. The ACE activity in the kidney of WKY was depressed, while that of SHR remained unchanged. These observations are independent of peripheral sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Daily central captopril administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg, i.c.v., for 8 days significantly reduced the blood pressure of SHR but not WKY rats, whereas the ACE activity of the whole brain of both WKY and SHR were depressed. Central sympathectomy with 6-OHDA did not alter these responses. It is concluded that captopril exerts its antihypertensive effect not only via reduction of the ACE activity in the plasma and lungs as reported earlier, but also that of other organs, principally the aorta, and that these effects are independent of the sympathetic nervous system.     

锰对糖尿病大鼠心肌SOD活性与MDA含量的影响

目的:观察锰剂对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用并探讨其机制。方法:以高糖高脂饲料饲喂后的雄性SD大鼠小剂量尾静脉注射STZ诱导Ⅱ型糖尿病模型,将实验动物分为正常组、糖尿病组、补锰组,检测各组喂养6周、10周、14周的血糖水平,检测第14周后心肌组织中丙二醛(M DA)含量及锰-超氧化物歧化酶(M n-SOD)活性。结果:与糖尿病组相比,补锰各组心肌组织M DA含量明显下降(P<0.01),而M n-SOD活性明显上升(P<0.01、P<0.005和P<0.05)。结论:补锰可以改善Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的心肌抗氧化能力。     

人参茎叶皂苷预适应对自发性高血压大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究人参茎叶皂苷(GSLS)预适应对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌缺血再灌注损伤(I-R)的保护作用及可能机制。方法SHR于I-R造模前每日1次灌胃给予GSLS50和100mg.kg-1,连续3周,于缺血40min和再灌注30min内测定大鼠血压、心功能和心脏血流动力学指标,生化方法测定心肌ATPase酶、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)和NO含量,镉血红素饱和法测定心肌和肝脏金属硫蛋白(MT)含量,免疫组化方法测定细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达。结果GSLS50和100mg.kg-1预适应组显著改善I-R损伤SHR的心率、左室内压峰值和左室内压最大变化速率(±dp/dtmax),明显提高心肌ATPase活性,减少LDH漏出,提高心肌SOD活性,增加NO含量,降低MDA含量,增加心肌和肝脏MT含量,增加心肌HSP70阳性细胞百分数。结论GSLS预适应对心肌I-R损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制与改善SHR心肌舒缩功能,改善心肌代谢,增强抗氧化活性和诱导内源性心肌保护物质的释放有关。     

石杉碱甲对老年大鼠异常的脂质过氧化和超氧化物歧化酶的改善作用(英文)

目的:研究石杉碱甲对老年大鼠海马、皮层和血清的脂质过氧化和超氧化物歧化酶的作用。方法:硫代巴比妥酸法测定组织中MDA水平;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定组织中超氧化物歧化酶的活性。结果:雄性老年大鼠海马、皮层和血清中MDA水平和Mn-SOD活性明显高于成年大鼠。石杉碱甲明显降低雄性老年大鼠海马、皮层和血清中MDA水平和SOD活性,而对成年大鼠的这两项指标无明显影响。结论:石杉碱甲能明显改善衰老导致的自由基系统的异常变化,这种神经保护作用可能有益于AD的治疗。     

石杉碱甲对老年大鼠异常的脂质过氧化和超氧化物歧经酶的改善作用

AIM: To study the effects of huperzine A on lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum of aged rats. METHODS: The level of lipid peroxidation was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance method and represented as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wet tissue. The activity of SOD was determined by xanthine-xanthine oxidase method and represented as the nitrite unit per gram protein in wet tissue. RESULTS: The levels of MDA and the manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD) activities in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum of aged male rats were 2.3-2.8 times and 1.8-2.8 times, respectively, higher than those of adult male rats. Huperzine A (0.05 mg/kg, ig) lowered markedly the levels of MDA and the activities of Mn-SOD in aged male rats following 7-14 d consecutive administrations. The MDA levels in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum decreased 44.7-52.8% (7 d) and 52.6-54.7% (14 d). The Mn-SOD activities in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum lowered 25.0 -57.6% (7 d) and 56.0-74.2% (14 d). In adult rats, no marked change was found after 7-14 d consecutive administrations of huperzine A at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: Huperzine A improved the abnormal free radicals in aged rats.     

Pumpkin-seed oil modulates the effect of felodipine and captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Natural products like pumpkin-seed oil (PSO) may modify the potency of the calcium antagonist felodipine (FEL) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-inhibitor), captopril (CPT) in modulating the biochemical derangement in blood, heart and kidney as well as blood pressure and heart rate of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. SHR were treated orally with FEL at a dose of 0. 45 mg kg(-1) body wt. or CPT at a dose of 9 mg kg(-1) body wt. once daily for 4 weeks. PSO was administered at a dose of 40 mg kg(-1) body wt. alone or with FEL or CPT in the previous respective dose regimen for the same period to SHR. This study showed that hypertension induced increments the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) by 55% and 38% as well as the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by 26% and 23% in heart and kidney, respectively, accompanied by reductions in the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) from 3.40+/-0.17 to 2.42+/-0.19 U mg protein(-1)and contents of glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols (PrSHs) in different tissues of SHR as compared to normotensive rats. Treatment of SHR with FEL or CPT monotherapy or combined with PSO produced improvement in the measured free radical scavengers in the heart and kidney. Our results also showed that pretreatment of SHR with PSO for 4 weeks then i.v. administration of FEL or CPT produced a significant beneficial hypotensive action. The results were explained in the light of the antioxidant properties of PSO. Therefore, it is concluded that concomitant administration of FEL or CPT with natural antioxidants can yield a beneficial therapeutic effect and retard the progression of hypertension.