宁夏吴忠市高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率的调查分析

目的:调查宁夏吴忠市18岁以上人群原发性高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率,评估防治现状,完善防治对策。方法:采用整群随机抽样调查的方法在宁夏吴忠地区进行高血压流行病学调查,对调查对象进行血压测量和相关资料的收集。结果:检出高血压1259例,患病率为23.7%,标化率为19.7%,女性患病率(25.0%)高于男性(22.1%)(P<0.05),城市(25.9%)高于农村(20.2%)(P<0.01),汉族(28.0%)高于回族(20.7%)(P<0.01)。随着年龄的增加,高血压患病率增加明显。高血压知晓率为73.9%,治疗率为63.3%,控制率为20.9%;女性知晓率、治疗率、控制率均高于男性,但仅治疗率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);城市高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率均高于农村(P<0.01);汉族高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率均高于回族(P<0.05)。结论:吴忠市高血压知晓率和治疗率较高,但控制率仍处于较低水平,应继续加强高血压的社区综合防治。     

北京市石景山区血脂异常知晓率及治疗率和控制率的流行病学研究

目的了解北京市石景山社区血脂异常患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率,为制定防治干预措施提供依据。方法在北京市石景山社区采用非随机整群抽样的方法,对社区居民统一进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室血生化检查,了解血脂异常患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率情况,并统计分析不同年龄组、性别、家族史及疾病史居民血脂异常患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率情况。结果本研究共纳入3 824例调查对象,女性2 543例(66. 50%),男性1 281例(33. 50%)。血脂异常患病率为68. 04%(2 602/3 824),知晓率52. 50%(1 366/2 602),治疗率37. 82%(984/2 602),控制率17. 10%(445/2 602)。其中男性血脂异常患病率68. 62%(879/1 281),知晓率45. 96%(404/879),治疗率31. 06%(273/879),控制率14. 68%(129/879);女性血脂异常患病率67. 75%(1 723/2 602),知晓率55. 83%(962/1 723),治疗率41. 27%(711/1 723),控制率18. 34%(316/1 723)。女性血脂异常知晓率、治疗率、控制率均在40～50岁组最低。男性血脂异常治疗率、控制率在40～50岁组最低,知晓率在70～≤82岁组最低。患者有血脂异常家族史、高血压家族史、患者本人患有高血压、糖尿病者,其血脂异常知晓率、治疗率和控制率均高于无上述状况者,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。患者有糖尿病家族史,其血脂异常知晓率、治疗率高于无糖尿病家庭史者,差异有统计学意义。结论北京市石景山社区居民的血脂异常知晓率、治疗率和控制率水平仍需进一步提高;男性血脂异常患病率高于女性,但知晓率、治疗率和控制率均低于女性。     

西藏拉萨市堆龙德庆县45岁以上农牧民高血压流行病学调查分析

目的分析西藏拉萨市堆龙德庆县45岁以上农牧民高血压患病情况及对高血压的知晓、治疗及控制情况。方法对当地农牧民1 350人进行性别、年龄、身高、体质量、血压、心率、肝肾功能、心电图、B超、胸透及尿常规等检测,以问卷调查形式了解高血压患者对高血压的知晓、治疗及控制情况。结果高血压患病率为45.77%,知晓率为26.21%,治疗率为22.29%,控制率为2.75%。高血压知晓率和治疗率均随年龄增长而升高(P<0.05),但控制率无明显变化(P>0.05);女性知晓率和治疗率均高于男性(P<0.05),男女性间控制率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。影响高血压知晓率和治疗率的主要因素是年龄、高血压家族史、体质量指数、性别。结论该地区45岁以上农牧民高血压患病率较高,知晓率低,治疗率及控制率更低;45岁以上农牧民高血压防治形势严峻,应引起有关部门的高度重视。     

社区高血压流行病调查和综合预防干预效果分析

目的调查社区居民高血压患病率,高血压并发症、合并症情况,高血压病治疗现状,对确诊患者进行相关综合预防干预,提高对高血压病的知晓率、治疗率、控制率,减少并发症。方法对3075例居民进行问卷调查、体格检查及生化检测。针对确诊糖尿病、高血压进行随访干预平均10个月,记录资料。结果调查发现,高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为31.77%、65.4%、47.5%、16.7%,糖尿病中患高血压达43.02%,高血压中患糖尿病有23.13%,两者与普通人相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。通过科学干预10个月,高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率为86.2%、77.6%、24.6%,其中高血压的治疗率、控制率比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。高血压病部分并发症明显减少,其中冠心病和肾功能不全差异有显著性(P<0.05);用药的合理性大大提高(P<0.05)。结论高血压病慢性进行性发展,并发症多,危害大,但可以通过科学干预,做到提高治疗率和控制率,减少或延缓并发症的发生、发展。     

武汉地区出租车司机高血压病现状调查

目的：词查和分析武汉地区出租车司机人群的高血压病现状。方法：以定居武汉地区参加2006年度出租车司机健康体检的5998例出租车司机作为研究对象，对这一特殊人群的高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率相关因素和生活质量进行调查分析。结果：（1）该人群高血压患病率为25.78％，知晓率为30．08％，治疗率为9．25％，控制率为6．3％。（2）高血压组的年龄、体重指数、空腹血糖、血脂（胆固醇、甘油三脂）、血尿酸明显高于非高血压组。结论：高血压与多重危险因索密切相关，而出租车司机属于高危人群，但他们普遍存在知晓率、治疗率、控制率低的情况。应加强对该人群高血压的防治工作。     

2006年盐城工学院职工高血压患病情况及相关因素分析

目的了解我院2004年教师高血压患病情况及知晓、治疗、控制情况，为高血压病防治提供依据。方法用国际通用高血压诊断标准及血压测量方法对我校教师测量血压，做B超及生化实验室检查，现场对职工高血压知晓、治疗及控制情况予以调查。结果全校1367位教师高血压总患病率为27．29％，高于第4次全国高血压抽样调查结果，患病率随年龄增长而升高（P〈0．01），男性患病率高于女性（P〈0．01），60岁以上是发病高峰；高血压患者冠心病、脂肪肝、糖尿病、肥胖的发病率较高，职工高血压的知晓率、治疗率、控制率较高于国内平均水平。结论我校职工高血压患病率较高，高血压的知晓率、治疗率、控制率仍有待进一步提高。应加强教师队伍高血压防治力度，采取相应的干预措施，降低高血压发病率和靶器官的损害，提高教职工健康水平。     

合肥市益民社区高血压现况调查分析

目的:了解益民社区高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率及危险因素,为探索社区高血压病群体干预措施提供依据。方法:采用系统抽样的方法,对741名18岁以上居民进行体检和询问,进行居民高血压现况及有关知识的调查。结果:高血压患病率21.02%,知晓率80.00%,治疗率55.48%,控制率24.52%。喜咸食、吸烟与饮酒、缺乏运动以及遗传因素是该社区高血压发病的危险因素。结论:该社区高血压有较高的患病率,应针对高血压现况及危险因素采取措施,开展社区综合防治工作。     

高血压病人家庭自测血压情况的调查分析

高血压是最常见的心血管疾病,是危害人类健康最严重的疾病之一.我国高血压病患病率升至18.8%,现在约有1.6亿病人,而控制率仅为6.16%,并且高血压的知晓率、治疗率仍处于较低水平[1].     

2019中国家庭血压监测指南

正近30年来,我国的高血压防治工作已取得了长足的进步。2012年至2015年的全国高血压抽样调查显示,18岁以上成人的高血压(≥140/90 mmHg)患病率(未调整人口比例粗率)为27.9%,知晓率为46.9%,治疗率为40.7%,控制率为15.3%,知晓治疗率为86.8%,治疗控制率为37.6%[1]。与2002年第四次全国营养与健康调查相比,高血压患病率虽有显     

高血压性脑梗死患者合并糖尿病和高脂血症及其疾病知晓率和控制率的现状

目的了解并分析高血压性脑梗死患者合并糖尿病、高脂血症的情况以及患者对高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症的知晓率及疾病治疗率及控制率现状。方法选择238例高血压性脑梗死患者,测量患者的入院血压、血糖和血脂,同时采用问卷调查患者的知晓率和了解其治疗率及控制率。结果238例高血压性脑梗死患者中79.41%患者入院时血压异常,高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为74.79%、67.23%、20.59%,其中10.11%明知有高血压病却从不用降压药;有32.35%患者合并糖尿病,其糖尿病知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为79.22%、62.34%、12.99%,其中21.31%明知患有糖尿病却从不用降糖药;有81.51%患者合并高脂血症,其高脂血症知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为23.20%、6.70%、1.55%,其中71.11%患者明知血脂高却从不用降脂药。结论 79.41%高血压性脑梗死患者发病时血压异常;分别有32.35%和81.51%的高血压性脑梗死患者合并糖尿病和高脂血症,28.57%的高血压脑梗死患者同时合并糖尿病和高脂血症;患者对高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症的知晓率、治疗率及控制率较低。加强患者对控制脑卒中危险因素重要性的认识,同时为患者制订个性化用药方案以提高治疗率,进而达到改善危险因素控制率以预防复发的最终目的。     

Unrecognized high blood pressure. A major public health issue for the workplace.

Hypertension continues to be prevalent in the general population despite the public's increased awareness of cardiovascular disease. Population-wide detection and prevention of hypertension are high priority goals within preventive health care. According to recent National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines, high normal blood pressure (BP) (systolic 130 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic 85 to 89 mm Hg) is not an innocuous condition (NHLBI, 1997). High normal BP is a detectable, modifiable, antecedent condition to overt hypertension. Little is known about the incidence of high normal BP in the general population and of its relationship to stress. This study examined the prevalence of high normal and hypertensive levels of blood pressure in a convenience sample of 94 volunteer employees from a midsize corporation. Blood pressure and level of reported stress were assessed. Findings revealed rates of 11% and 30% high normal and hypertensive blood pressure levels, respectively. Ninety-six percent of participants assumed their blood pressures were normal. As in other studies, those employees with hypertensive blood pressure reported higher stress levels than normotensive employees. However, the population with high normal BP did not report significantly higher stress levels than normotensive employees. These findings suggest high normal and hypertensive blood pressures are prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factors among employees in the workplace. Most employees are unaware of their elevated BP and the risk of high normal BP. Occupational health nurses are in a strategic position to take a proactive approach to population-wide hypertension prevention by initiating worksite BP screening and education programs.     

长沙市社区50岁以上人群高血压病流行病学调查分析

【目的】研究长沙市社区50岁以上城市居民高血压病的流行情况。【方法】分析2008年在长沙市进行50岁以上社区居民的随机抽样调查结果。【结果】长沙市10002例50岁以上居民高血压患病率63．55％,男女性之间存在差异,高血压患病率随着年龄的增长而升高;饮酒人群、男性吸烟人群和女性单身人群的高血压患病率增高;不同文化程度的人群中高血压患病率存在差异。长沙市50岁以上居民高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为62．21％、85．46％和22．28％。【结论】长沙社区老年人群高血压患病率和高血压病的知晓率、治疗率较前升高,但是控制率仍有待提高。     

梅州市城乡居民高血压现状调查及危险因素分析

目的：调查梅州市城乡居民高血压流行状况及其危险因素。方法2011年3月-2013年2月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取18岁以上的常住居民9688人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果调查有效人数为9683人,高血压患病率为25.73%,高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为48.21%、74.21%、47.42％。城郊区人群患病率为28.76％,高于主城区人群患病率（20.11％）（P＜0.01）。随着年龄的增长,高血压患病率呈上升趋势（P＜0.01）。对肥胖是高血压危险因素的知晓率最高,达73.53%。主城区居民对偏咸饮食和肥胖是高血压危险因素的知晓率均高于城郊区,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。非条件 Logistic 多因素回归分析结果显示,年龄、腹型肥胖、偏咸饮食、高脂血症、糖尿病、家族史是高血压的危险因素,而高学历是高血压的保护因素。结论广东省梅州市城乡居民高血压患病率高于全国平均水平,要加强健康教育宣传力度,倡导健康生活方式,加强对高血压危险因素的控制以降低患病率。     

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in an adult type 1 diabetes population and a comparable general population

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in a population-representative sample of adults with type 1 diabetes and comparable nondiabetic control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 2000-2002, the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Study enrolled 1,416 individuals aged 19-56 years with no known history of coronary artery disease: 652 type 1 diabetic patients (46% male, mean age 37 years) and 764 nondiabetic control subjects (50% male, mean age 39 years). Subjects were asked if they had been told by a physician that they had hypertension or were on a blood pressure medication. Blood pressure was measured using standardized Joint National Committee (JNC) protocol. RESULTS: Type 1 diabetic subjects, compared with nondiabetic subjects, had higher rates of hypertension prevalence (43 vs. 15%, P < 0.001), awareness (53 vs. 45%, P = 0.11), treatment (87 vs. 47%, P < 0.001), and control (55 vs. 32%, P < 0.001) for the JNC 6 goal (130/85 mmHg). Only 42% of all type 1 diabetic hypertensive subjects met the new JNC 7 goal (130/80 mmHg). Type 1 diabetic subjects had better blood pressure control (72 vs. 32%, P < 0.0001), using 140/90 mmHg as a common measure. The majority of treated subjects were on a single antihypertensive agent (75 vs. 64%). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with type 1 diabetes have higher rates of hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control than nondiabetic subjects. However, hypertension remains largely uncontrolled, even if treated in high-risk populations, such as type 1 diabetic subjects and undiagnosed individuals in the general population. Achieving more stringent blood pressure goals will require increased attention and may necessitate the use of multiple antihypertensive agents.     

静脉注射用甘油果糖致迟发过敏一例护理体会

1病例报告 患者女，28岁，因煤气中毒人我科留观病房留观。留观过程中静脉输甘油果糖治疗脑水肿，前2d输甘油果糖过程顺利，无不良反应发生，第3天静脉滴注甘油果糖150mL后，患者出现颜面、颈部潮红，并有散在小米粒大小红色皮疹，诉颜面部瘙痒伴烧灼感，     

Controlling blood pressure in 50% of all hypertensive patients: an achievable goal in the healthy people 2010 report?

BACKGROUND: One important objective defined in the Healthy People 2010 report was to improve blood pressure (BP) control to < 140/90 mm Hg in 50% of all hypertensive patients. Because the US population is becoming older, more obese, and ethnically diverse, the health and economic benefits of reaching this goal become more valuable each year. Hypertension control rates are currently at approximately 31% of all hypertensives and have risen slowly and erratically since 1988. In the absence of a coordinated strategic plan, achieving this critically important goal for BP control is highly unlikely. METHODS: A selected literature review was undertaken to briefly assess the cardiovascular benefits of controlling hypertension. Greater focus was placed on variables that impact hypertension awareness, treatment, and control. The impact on hypertension control rates of theoretic changes in awareness, treatment, and control individually and collectively was examined. Four categories of potential barriers to optimizing BP control are discussed: systems, provider, patient, and treatment factors. RESULTS: Raising awareness to 80% of all hypertensives, ensuring treatment of 90% of aware hypertensives, and controlling BP to < 140/90 mm Hg in 70% of treated patients would achieve control rates of 50%. CONCLUSIONS: The barriers to achieving the Healthy People 2010 goal of controlling hypertension in 50% of all patients are formidable but appear to be resolvable with a coordinated strategic plan. Given projected demographic changes in the United States, the health and economic benefits of attaining the national goal for hypertension control would seem to merit a serious integrated effort.     

高血压患者规范化管理的结果分析

目的对安徽大学146例高血压患者,利用高血压规范化治疗技术,开展高血压规范化管理,评价其对血压控制的效果。方法按照"全国高血压规范化管理"实施方案要求,对146例高血压患者建立档案,进行临床评估,根据危险程度,分级随访,随访12个月。结果经过12个月的规范化管理后,管理对象的高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别由管理前89.05%、72.36%和5.62%,上升为100.00%、100.00%和71.89%,管理前后各率比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过实施"高血压规范化管理",提高了高血压患者的健康意识,有效改善了其不良生活方式,增强了治疗的依从性,有效控制了血压水平。     

Hypertension prevalence,awareness, and control in Arab countries: A systematic review

One billion of the world's population has hypertension, resulting in four million deaths per year. Data on the prevalence of hypertension in the Arab world are very limited. This review summarizes existing knowledge regarding prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in Arab countries. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for publications on HTN among Arab people from 1980 to January 2011. Only 13 studies were identified in the literature from 10 Arab countries. The overall estimated prevalence of hypertension was 29.5% (n = 45 379), which indicates a higher prevalence of hypertension among Arabs compared to people from the USA (28%) and sub‐Saharan African (27.6%). Awareness of hypertension was reported for 46% of the studies and varied from 18% (Jordan) to 79.8% (Syria). The control rate varied from 56% (Tunisia) to 92% (Egypt and Syria). The prevalence of hypertension was found to increase with age, occurring more frequently in Arab women.     

上海青浦地区35岁以上人群高血压病现况调查

目的：了解上海市青浦地区35岁以上人群高血压病的患病率、知晓率、治疗率以及降压药的服用及血压控制状况。方法：采取整群抽样的方法在农村抽取4个自然村,选择其中年龄≥35岁的人群作为本研究对象,纳入调查并且资料完整者6 383例,其中男性2 992例,女性3391例。进行高血压病普查,并对高血压病的知晓率、治疗率、控制率以及高血压病患者接受药物的治疗情况进行分析。结果：高血压病患病率为29.88%,男性患病率为30.85%,女性患病率为29.02%,高血压病患病率随年龄增长而显著升高（P〈0.01）。高血压病的知晓率为63.50%,治疗率为53.49%,控制率为41.5%。在服用降压药的高血压病患者中,应用率占前3位的药物依次是中成药、复方制剂和钙离子通道拮抗剂;最常用的药物依次是珍菊降压片、复方利血平和硝苯地平。结论：上海青浦农村35岁以上人群高血压病患病率约30%,降压药物治疗以中成药、复方制剂和钙离子通道拮抗剂为主,高血压病的知晓率、治疗率和控制率均有待提高。